BIBLIO.NO,AUTHOR,TITLE,JOURNAL,VOLUME,PAGES,YEAR,PUBLISHER,EDITOR,KEYWORD,ABSTRACT,STORAGE
17830,"Aagnes,TH Sormo,W Mathiesen,SD","Ruminal microbial digestion in free-living, in captive lichen-fed, and in starved reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in winter",Applied and Environmental Microbiology,61(2),583-591,1995,,,DIGESTIBILITY GRAZING HERBIVORY REINDEER,2 fig. 5 tab. ,REINDEER
8938,"Abbonus, P","De Venenis of Petrus Abbonus, trans. HM Brown, in: Annals of the History of Medicine",,VI(1),,1924,,,,"2 pages on plant extracts, one paragrraph on ""Usnea""; might be Letharia.",HUMAN GENERAL
X9,"Aber JD, Melillo JM, Nadelhoffer KJ, Pastor J, Boone RD",Factors controlling nitrogen cycling and nitrogen saturation in northern temperate forest ecosystems,ecological applications,1(3),303-315,1991,,,"wisconsin, nutrient dynamics, nitrogen cycling, computer model, decomposition, northern temperate forest, primary productivity",,NITRO
488,"Addison, PA Puckett, KJ",Deposition of atmospheric pollutants as measured by lichen element content in the Athabasca oil sands area,Canadian Journal of Botany,58,2323-2334,1980,,,Canada vanadium air pollution metals titanium aluminum potassium sulfur,"5 figures. 3 tables. [The accumulation of aluminum, potassium, sulphur, titanium and vanadium in three lichens species ""... was related to both gaseous and particulate emissions from industrial sources and to a localized windblown dust component. Visible",AIR
247,"Ahmadjian, V",Separation and artiificial synthesis of lichens,Cellular Interactions in Symbiosis and Parasitism,,38075,1980,"Ohio State University Press, Columbus","C. B. Cook, P. W. Pappas & E. D. Rudolph (eds.)",synthesis mycobiont phycobiont growth,14 figures. 3 tables. [Review including new information from the author's research laboratory.],SYMBIOSIS
489,"Ahmadjian, V",The nature of lichens,Natural History,91,30-37,1982,,,popular symbiosis controlled parasitism growth,8 unnumbered figures. [Semi-popular article discussing the nature of the symbiotic relationship in lichens and some of the results of culture experiments in the author's laboratory. Concludes that lichens are best considered a controlled parasitism.],GENERAL
1094,"Ahmadjian, V",Algal/fungal symbioses,Progress in Phycological Research. Volume 1,,179-233,1982,"Elsevier Biomedical Press, B.V., Amsterdam",F. C. Round & D. J. Chapman (eds.),symbiosis phycobiont review,28 figures. 4 tables. [Detailed review with many references including information from the author's laboratory.],SYMBIOSIS
3445,"Ahmadjian, V",Coevolution in lichens,Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,503,307-315,1987,,,coevolution evolution,"[General review of aspects of the lichen symbiosis. ""These phenomena plus the absence of free-living populations of most lichen fungi and photobionts indicate that lichen symbionts have undergone long periods of coevolution.""]",EVOL
5121,"Ahmadjian, V",The lichen alga Trebouxia: does it occur free-living?,Plant Systematics and Evolution,158(2-4),243-247,1988,,,Trebouxia Pleurastrum evolution phycobionts algae,"1 figure. [""Recent evidence indicates that the most common photobiont of lichens, Trebouxia, has evolved from the soil alga Pleurastrum terrestre. The few Trebouxia cells that have been seen in unlichenized condition probably were released from asexual p",SYMBIOSIS
5881,"Ahmadjian, V",The lichen symbiosis: its origin and evoluition,Evolutionary Biology,4,163-184,1970,,,symbiosis evolution physiology,,SYMBIOSIS
5883,"Ahmadjian, V",Lichen algae,Phycologia,6,127-160,1964,,,photobiont,,PHYS
5975,"Ahmadjian, V",The fungi of lichens,Sci. Am.,FEBRUARY,123-,1963,,,symbiosis mycobiont culture phycobiont recombination,,SYMBIOSIS
490,"Ahmadjian, V Jacobs, JB",Relationship between fungus and alga in the lichen Cladonia cristatella Tuck,Nature,289,169-172,1981,,,symbiosis Cladonia mycobiont synthesis controlled parasitism co-evolution,"3 figures. 2 tables. [""As we report here, our observations of artificial syntheses of the mycobiont Cladonia cristatella ('British soldiers') with different algae suggest that the relationship in this lichen is one of controlled parasitism. The mycobiont",SYMBIOSIS
1095,"Ahmadjian, V Jacobs, JB",Artificial reestablishment of lichens. III. Synthetic development of Usnea strigosa,Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory,52,393-399,1982,,,synthesis development Usnea Pseudotrebouxia mycobiont phycobiont,"8 figures. [Reports results of synthesis experiments with the mycobiont of Usnea strigosa and several species of algae. ""The mycobiont fully lichenized only with Pseudotrebouxia usneae."" Details of the developmental process are outlined.]",PHYS
6007,"Ahmadjian, V Nilsson, S",Swedish lichens,Yearbook (American Swedish Historical Foundation),,,1963,,,human uses Sweden,,HUMAN EUROPE
1731,"Ahmadjian, Vernon Jacobs, Jerome B","Algal-fungal relationships in lichens: recognition, synthesis, and development",Algal Symbiosis,,147-172,1983,"Cambridge University Press, Cambridge",L. J. Goff (ed.),algae own symbiosis synthesis controlled parasitism Cladonia cristatella azenic culture,16 figures. [Authors review the evidence of controlled parasitism in Cladonia cristatella synthesis cultureswith SEM and TEM documentation. Alternate wet-dry cycles are not necessary for development and the synthetic lichens produced the same secondary c,SYMBIOSIS
6557,"Ahti, T",Studies on the caribou lichen stands of Newfoundland,Annales Botanici Societatis Zoologicae Botanicae Fennicae 'Vanamo',30(4),16072,1959,,,,,REINDEER
6023,"Ahti, T Hepburn, RL","Preliminary studies on woodland caribou range, especially on lichen stands in Ontario.",Research Report (Wildlife) No. 74,,134,1967,Ontario Dept. of Lands and Forests,,,,REINDEER
5126,"Airaksinen, MM Peura, P Ala-Fossi-Salokangas, L Antere, S Lukkarinen, J Saikkonen, M Stenback, F",Toxicity of plant material used as emergency food during famines in Finland,Journal of Ethnopharmacology,18,273-296,1986,,,food Finland Cetraria islandica Cladina pettu,"2 tables. 2 figures. [Effects of ""pettu"" (pine bark), lichens (Cetraria islandica, Cladonia sp.) and water plants were studied for toxicity on mice and rats after traditional pretreatments. ""As 50% w/w mixture in normal food none of them were tolerated b",HUMAN EUROPE
16277,"Aldous, SE Smith, CF",Food habits of Minnesota deer as determined by stomach analysis.,Trans. N. Amer. Wildl. Conf.,,757,1938,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
10069,"Alexander, V Schell, DM","Seasonal and spatial variation of nitrogen fixation in the Barrow, Alaska, tundra",Arctic Alpine Res.,5,77-88,1973,,,tundra arctic Alaska Peltigera nitrogen fixation seasonal variation ecophysiology,4 figures. 8 tables. [Includes data on Peltigera.],NITRO
3451,"Alvarez, I Guzman-Davalos, L Guzman, G",Liquenes su distribucion e importancia en Jalisco,"Tiempos de Ciencia, Revista de Difusion Cientifica de la Universidad de Guadalajara",12,35-38,,,,Mexico Jalisco,"12 color photographs. [A brief article about important lichens from the State of Jalisco, Mexico.]",GENERAL
9442,"Antifeau, T",Winter habitats of mountain caribou in the North Thompson,Caribou Research and Management in British Columbia; Proceedings of a Workshop,,54-57,1985,"B.C. Ministry of Forests, Publ. WHR-27",Rick Page,,,REINDEER
7489,"Antunez de Mayolo, KK",Peruvian Natural Dye Plants,Econ. Bot.,43(2),181-191,1989,,,,,HUMAN LATIN AMERICA
22,"Aplin, PS Hill, DJ",Growth analysis of circular lichen thalli,Journal of Theoretical Biology,78,347-363,1979,,,growth foliose carbohydrate movement technique,"4 figures. 1 table. [A new model for foliose and placodioid growth is develped and tested. ""A method is described for the calculation of the values of two constants, alpha and beta, which may be determined by the extent of lateral movement of carbohydrat",GROWTH
1112,"Arafat, NM Glooschenko, WA",The use of bog vegetation as an indicator of atmospheric decomposition of arsenic in northern Ontario,"Environmental Pollution, Series B",4,85-90,1982,,,Canada Ontario arsenic accumulation bogs pollution,"2 figures. [Lichens and mosses were found to be ""... more efficient scavengers of As than low shrubs."" Some lichens in the Sudbury area had a 20X increase in As levels.]",METAL
271,"Armstrong, RA",Growth and regeneration of lichen thalli with central portions artificially removed,Environmental and Experimental Botany,19,175-178,1979,,,growth Parmelia Xanthoparmelia,"1 figure. 1 table. [""The 12-month radial growth of Parmelia conspersa thalli with isidia or apothecia was not influenced by removal of the thalli centres."" Apparently fixed carbon for radial growth is generated in the perimeter and not transported from t",GROWTH
1114,"Armstrong, RA","Field experiments on the dispersal, establishment and colonization of lichens on a slate rock surface",Environmental and Experimental Botany,21,115-120,1981,,,saxicolous Parmelia Buellia dispersal slate Wales British Isles colonization,"3 figures. 2 tables. [Colonization on a vertical slate rock surface was studied over a six year period in Wales. ""At the end of the experiment relatively few thalli of Parmelia conspersa, Parmelia glabratula ssp. fuliginosa and Buellia aethalea had estab",GROWTH
3841,"Armstrong, RA",Studies on the growth rates of lichens,Lichenology: Progress and Problems,,309-322,1976,"Academic Press, London","D. H. Brown, D. L. Hawksworth & R. H. Bailey (eds.)",growth rates physiology ecology,5 figures.,GROWTH
3842,"Armstrong, RA",The influence of the frequency of wetting and drying on the radial growth of three saxicolous lichens in the field,New Phytologist,77,719-724,1976,,,saxicolous growth ecology water relations,3 figures.,GROWTH
5153,"Armstrong, RA","Substrate colonization, growth, and competition",CRC Handbook of Lichenology. Volume II,,38062,1988,"CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton",M. Galun (ed.),review growth competition colonization dispersal ecology,"11 figures. 1 table. [Review article with 63 references. Author concludes with six suggestions for future experimental research relating to dispersal, propagule attachment, early growth interactions, causes of lichen death, experimental designs for study",
5865,"Armstrong, RA",Growth phases in the life of a lichen thallus,New Phytologist,73,913-918,1974,,,growth,,GROWTH
5947,"Armstrong, RA",The response of lichen growth to transplantation to rock surfaces of different aspect,New Phytologist,78,473-478,1977,,,transplantation aspect,,GROWTH
6148,"Armstrong, RA","Dispersal, establishment and survival of soredia and fragments of the lichen, Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl.",New Phytologist,114(2),239-245,1990,,,Hypogymnia soredia dispersal survival colonization corticolous,"5 tables. 3 figures. [Study near Seattle, Washington.  ""It is likely that colonization of the tree by H. physodes occurs largely by soredia.  Colonization appears to be limited more by the range of dispersal over the tree than by differential survival ov",GROWTH
7630,"Armstrong,WP",On green boulders and rusty trees,Pacific Discovery,45(3),38154,1992,,,,7 color photos [Popular article.],HUMAN GENERAL
8795,"Arnason, T Hebda, RJ Johns, T",Use of plants for food and medicine by native peoples of eastern Canada,Can. J. Bot.,59(11),2189-2325,1981,,,,,HUMAN EAST NORTH AMERICAN PLAINS
X70,"Arndt, KL, RH Sackett, JA Ketz","A cultural resource overview of the Tongass National Forest, Alaska. Part 1: overview",,,293-329,1987,"USDA Forest Service, Tongass National Forest",,,bibliography only.,BIBLIO
3846,"Ascaso, C Galvan, J",Studies on the pedogenic action of lichen acids,Pedobiologia,16,321-331,1976,,,pedogenesis saxicolous weathering ecology chemistry,"6 figures. 5 tables. [""... lichenic compounds are able, under laboratory conditions, to alter rocks and minerals at the structural level and to give origin to new minerals.""]",SOIL
3847,"Ascaso, C Galvan, J Ortega, C","The pedogenic action of Parmelia conspersa, Rhizocarpon geographicum and Umbilicaria pustulata",Lichenologist,8,151-171,1976,,,Parmelia Rhizocarpon pedogenesis weathering ecology,5 figures. 4 plates. 8 tables.,SOIL
X46,Associated Press,East Idaho antelope survive on lichen,Idaho Statesman,,,1992,,,"antelope, idaho, blm",news clipping.,LARGE MAMMAL
3458,"Atsatt, PR","Are vascular plants ""inside-out"" lichens?",Ecology,69(1),17-23,1988,,,symbiosis endophytes fungal genetics vascular plants,"1 figure. [A look at fungal endophytes and genetics of these associations with vascular plants, red algae and others. ""In this essay, I will argue that vascular plants may in fact be lichenlike chimeras that have genetically internalized their fungal par",EVOL
2914,"Bacci, E Calamari, D Gaggi, C Fanelli, R Focardi, S Morosini, M",Chlorinated hydrocarbons in lichen and moss samples from the Antarctic Peninsula,Chemosphere,15,747-754,1986,,,chlorinated hydrocarbons Antarctica pollution,"1 table. 2 figures. [""These preliminary results confirm that in the Antarctic Peninsula chlorinated hydrocarbon residues are present in measurable concentrations in biological materials.""]",AIR
1124,"Bailey, C Larson, DW",Water quality and pH effects on Umbilicaria mammulata (Ach.) Tuck,The Bryologist,85,431-437,1982,,,Umbilicaria pH water relations ecology saxicolous,"4 figures. 3 tables. [""These results suggest that the duration and frequency of precipitation is of far greater consequence to this plant in the field than is the pH or water quality of the rain itself.""]",WATER
8653,"Bailey, R.W. Rinell, K.T.",Events in the turkey year,Wild Turkey and its Management,,,1967,,Hewitt,,,BIRD
3868,"Bailey, RH",Ecological aspects of dispersal and establishment in lichens,Lichenology: Progress and Problems,,215-247,1976,"Academic Press, London","D. H. Brown, D. L. Hawksworth & R. H. Bailey (eds.)",dispersal establishment ecology reproduction review,2 figures. 2 tables.,GROWTH
10761,"Bailey, RH",Animals and the dispersal of soredia form Lecanora conizaeoides Nyl. ex Cromb.,Lichenologist,4,256,1970,,,animals dispersal soredia Lecanora conizaeoides ecology,,INVERTEBRATE
51,"Bailey, RH James, PW",Birds and the dispersal of lichen propagules,Lichenologist,11,105-106,1979,,,birds dispersal soredia propagules own,1 table. [Several species of birds were found to have thallus fragments or clusters of soredia attached to their feet.],ANIMAL
294,"Bailey, RH James, PW",Birds and dispersal of lichen propagules,Lichenologist,11,105-106,1979,,,birds dispersal soredia propagules own,1 table. [Several species of birds were found to have thallus fragments or clusters of soredia attached to their feet.],BIRD
5879,"Baker, A","The effects of air pollution on the lichens of Moss Landing, CA",unpublished student paper,,,1991,,,air,,AIR
X26,Balls EK,Early uses of California plants,,,,1962,UC Press,,"bibliography,plants, california",bibliography only,BIBLIO
3464,"Baltzo, DE","Lichens of Mount Diablo State Park, Contra Costa County, California",Mycotaxon,34,37-46,1989,,,California Mount Diablo State Park,"1 figure. [Author reports 140 species in 55 genera. ""Most abundant are Parmeliaceae, which include nine genera and 24 species.""]",TAXON
6066,"Banfield, AWF",The Mammals of Canada,,,"193, 388",1974,"National Museum of Canada, Ottawa",,,"pp. 105-106, 120-122, 145-146, 191-193, 415.",SMALL MAMMAL
13809,"Banfield, AWF Tener, JS",A preliminary study of the Ungava caribou,Jour. Mammal.,39(4),560-573,1958,,,caribou Canada fire ecology pastures food,3 tab. [Many excellent lichen pastures have been destroyed by fire.],REINDEER
16051,"Bangs, EE","Summer food habits of voles, Clethrionomys rutilus and Microtus pennsylvanicus on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska.",Canad. Field-Naturalist,98(4),489-492,1984,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
6101,"Bargagli, R Barghigiani, C","Lichen biomonitoring of mercury emission and deposition in mining, geothermal, and volcanic areas of Italy",Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,16 (3),265,1991,,,,,METAL
18044,"Barrett, J.A.",Host-parasite interactions and systematics.,Coevolution and Systematics (Systematics Assoc. Special Vol. No. 32),ch. 1,38003,1986,Clarendon Press,A.R. Stone and D.L. Hawksworth,,,SYMBIOSIS
17013,"Barriga, HG",Flora Medicinal de Columbia,,,,1992,Tercer Mundo Editores,,,,HUMAN LATIN AMERICA
17001,"Bastien, JW",Pharmacopeia of Qollahuya Andeans,Journal of Ethnopharmacology,8,97-111,1983,,,,,HUMAN LATIN AMERICA
13819,"Baumann, BB",The botanical aspects of ancient Egyptian embalming and burial,Econ. Bot.,14(1),84-104,1960,,,embalming history Egypt Pseudevernia furfuracea mummies medicine,4 fig. 1 tab. [Parmelia furfuracea was used to pack the body cavity of mummies.],HUMAN AFRICA
17011,"Beaglehole, E; P. Beaglehole",Hopi of the Second Mesa: a note on Hopi sorcery,Mem. Am. Anth. Assoc.,44,5-25,1935,,,,pp. 5-6 only.,HUMAN SOUTHWEST
X52,"Beale, DM, GW Scotter",Seasonal forage use by pronghorn antelope in western Utah,Utah Science,,,1968,,,"pronghorn antelope, food habit, fawn production, forage",,MISC. WILDLIFE
300,"Becker, VE",Nitrogen fixing lichens in forests of the Southern Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina,The Bryologist,83,29-39,1980,,,nitrogen fixation Appalachian Mountains Lobaria phycobiont production biomass North Carolina,"6 tables. 2 figures. [""The bark of Aesculus octandra Marshal was the optimum habitat, particularly for the dominants Lobaria quercizans Michx. and Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. Lichen biomass in the gray beech forest commonly ranged from 7 to 9 kg ha-1 ",NITRO
3878,"Becker, VE Reeder, J Stetler, R",Biomass and habitat of nitrogen-fixing lichen in an oak forest in the North Carolina Piedmont,The Bryologist,80,93-99,1977,,,biomass nitrogen fixation North Carolina ecology,1 figure. 4 tables.,NITRO
5945,"Bednar, TW Smith, DC",Studies in the physiology of lichens. VI. Preliminary studies of the photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism of the lichen Xanthoria aureola,New Phytologist,65,211-220,1966,,,physiology carbohydrate,,SYMBIOSIS
16281,"Behnert, R",Striking a balance between timber production and maintaining deer habitat.,"Sitka Black-Tailed Deer: Proceedings of a Conference in Juneau, Alaska",,230-231,1979,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
5169,"Bellemere, A Letrouit-Galinou, MA","Asci, ascospores, and ascomata",CRC Handbook of Lichenology. Volume I,,161-179,1988,"CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton",M. Galun (ed.),asci ascospores ascocarps ascomata morphology review,"10 figures. [Review including topics entitled Origin of Asci; Ascus Development: An Example, Caloplaca marina; Variations in Ascus Development; Ascoma Development: Two Examples; and Comparative Remarks and Conclusion. Sixty-three references.]",MORPH
7496,"Belnap, J","Effects of air pollutants on cold-desert cyanobacterial-lichen crusts and rock lichens: chlorophyll degradation, electrolyte leakage and notrogenase activity.",Proc. 1990 EPA/A & WMA International Symposium,,661-667,1990,"Raleigh, North Carolina",,,,AIR
7497,"Belnap, J",Microbiotic crusts: their role in past and present ecosystems,Park Science,10(3),38050,1990,"US Dept of Interior, National Park Service",,,,SOIL
8978,"Belnap, J Gardner, JS",Soil microstructure in soils of the Colorado Platau: the role of the cyanobacterium Microcoleus vaginatus,Great Basin Naturalist,53(1),40-47,1993,,,,,SOIL
6113,"Belnap, J Harper, KT",Effects of a coal-fired power plant on the rock lichen Rhizoplaca melanophthalma: chlorophyll degradation and electrolyte leakage,The Bryologist,93(3),309-312,1990,,,,,AIR
18034,"Belnap,J",Recovery rates of cryptobiotic crusts: inoculant use and assessment methods,Great Basin Naturalist,53(1),89-95,1993,,,CRYPTOBIOTIC RECOVERY SOIL CRUSTS SOIL STABILIZATION,"4 tab. [Study of soil plots scalped of cryptobiotic crusts, using inoculation with surrounding crust material to enhance recovery rates.]",SOIL
18078,"Belnap,J Harper,KT Warren,SD","Surface disturbance of cryptobiotic soil crusts: nitrogenase activity, chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll degradation",Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation,8,37994,1994,,,CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT CRYPTOBIOTIC CRUSTS NITROGEN FIXATION NITROGENASE NUTRIENT CYCLING RANGELAND SOILS SOIL CRUST RECOVERY SOIL CRUSTS,"4 fig. [Study in Utah. ""This study demonstrates that recovery time for nitrogenase activity is much longer than for chlorophyll levels and that nitrogenase activity is still greatly suppressed 9 months after the disturbance.""]",SOIL
6116,"Benedict, JB",Winter frost injury to lichens--Colorado Front Range,The Bryologist,93(4),423-426,1990,,,,,PHYS
X18,Benzing DH,Effects of epiphytes on associated vegetation,,,,,Cambridge University Press,,"biology, succession, nutrition",,COMMUNITY
5845,"Berge, H",Plants as indicators of air pollution,Toxicology,1,79-89,1973,,,air bioindicator,,AIR
16068,"Bergerud, A.T. Russel, L.",Evaluation of rumen food analysis for Newfoundland caribou.,J. Wildl. Manage.,28,808-814,1964,,,,,REINDEER
5781,"Bergerud, AT",Abundance of forage on the winter range of Newfoundland caribou,Canad. Field. Nat.,85,39-52,1971,,,forage caribou Newfoundland Canada animals vertebrates,[Much on lichens.],REINDEER
5918,"Bergerud, AT",Food habits of Newfoundland Caribou.,J. Wildl. Manage.,36(3),913-923,1972,,,,,ANIMAL
5918,"Bergerud, AT",Food habits of Newfoundland Caribou.,J. Wildl. Manage.,36(3),913-923,1972,,,,,REINDEER
6555,"Bergerud, AT",Decline of caribou in North America following settlement,J. Wildl. Manage.,38(4),757-770,1974,,,,,REINDEER
16274,"Bergerud, AT",Caribou declines in central and southern British Columbia,Caribou Research and Management in British Columbia; Proceedings of a Workshop,,201-225,1985,"B.C. Ministry of Forests, Publ. WHR-27",Rick Page,,,REINDEER
16316,"Bergerud, AT",Relative abundance of food in winter for Newfoundland caribou.,Oikos,25,379-387,1974,,,,,REINDEER
9444,"Bergerud, AT Nolan, MJ",Food habits of hand-reared caribou Rangifer tarandus L. in Newfoundland,Oikos,21,348-350,1970,,,food habits caribou Newfoundland Canada vertebrates animals,[Includes lichens.],REINDEER
1139,"Bergman, B Hallbom, L",Nostoc of Peltigera canina when lichenized and isolated,Canadian Journal of Botany,60,2092-2098,1982,,,Peltigera Nostoc phycobiont growth TEM phycobilisomes heterocysts akinetes ultrastructure,"6 figures. 2 tables. [Distinctive differences were observed between the two states including, when lichenized, larger cell diameters, more thylakoids, presence of phycobilisomes, and a lower frequency of heterocysts at thallus margins. Akinetes are repor",PHYS
X15,"Bernstein ME, Carroll GC",Microbial populations on Douglas-fir needle surfaces,Microbial Ecology,4,41-52,1977,,,,,BIOMASS
5927,"Bernt, WC",Observations on a pronghorn antelope winter range,,,,1976,"M.S. thesis, Idaho State University",,antelope animal,,LARGE MAMMAL
9446,"Beschel, R",Lichens as a measure of the age of recent moraines,Arctic and Alpine Res.,5,303-309,1973,,,moraines lichenometry growth rates,[A translation of Beschel's classic paper of 1950's.],GROWTH
4823,"Billings, WD",Arctic and alpine vegetation: plant adaptations to cold summer climates,Arctic and Alpine Environments,,403-443,1974,"Methuen & Co., Ltd., London",J. D. Ives & R. G. Barry (eds.),arictic alpine environments adaptations cold temperatures climate ecophysiology,"6 fig. 1 tab. [Lichens, p. 415.]",COMMUNITY
7506,"Birdsall, J",Moths in the Memory,,,,1990,"Pavillion Books, Ltd.",,,"pp.34-35, 42-43, 62-63 only. see p. 34 for description of moth with (apparently) lichen-like camouflage.",INVERTEBRATE
6064,"Bishop, JA Cook, LM","Moths, melanism and clean air.",Scientific American,232,90-99,1975,,,,,AIR
4826,"Bishop, JA Cook, LM Muggleton, J Seaward, MRD","Moths, lichens, and air pollution along a transect from Manchester to North Wales",Jour. Appl. Ecol.,12,83-98,1975,,,animals insects British Isles ecology air pollution,2 fig. 7 tab.,INVERTEBRATE
5993,"Biswas, K",Common Medicinal Plants of Darjeeling and the Sikkim Himalayas,,,,1956,,,human uses medicine India,pp. 96-99 only.,HUMAN ASIA
8781,"Black, MJ",Algonquin ethnobotany: an interpretation of aboriginal adaptation in southwestern Quebec,"National Museum of Man, Mercury Series",65,,1980,National Museums of Canada,,,p. 71 only.,HUMAN GENERAL
6594,"Blackwell,WH",Poisonous and Medicinal Plants,,,xix + 329,1990,"Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ",,CETRARIA ISLANDICA MEDICINE POISON,"pp. 85, 98, 99, 103 only. [Several poisonous and medicinal lichens mentioned in a chapter on poisonous and medicinal fungi.]",HUMAN PHARMACEUTICAL
5173,"Blewitt, MR Cooper-Driver, GA",The effects of lichen extracts on feeding by gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar),The Bryologist,93(2),220-221,1990,,,animals gypsy moths insects feeding food bioassay,"2 tables. [Red oak leaves were painted with water and acetone extracts of six lichen species, and moths were allowed to feed on the treated leaves.  ""Acetone extracts containing depsides, depsidones, and usnic acid did not affect food consumption or larv",ANIMAL
5173,"Blewitt, MR Cooper-Driver, GA",The effects of lichen extracts on feeding by gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar),The Bryologist,93(2),220-221,1990,,,animals gypsy moths insects feeding food bioassay,"2 tables. [Red oak leaves were painted with water and acetone extracts of six lichen species, and moths were allowed to feed on the treated leaves.  ""Acetone extracts containing depsides, depsidones, and usnic acid did not affect food consumption or larv",INVERTEBRATE
X43,"Boertje, RD","Seasonal diets of the Denali caribou herd, Alaska",Arctic,37(2),161-165,1984,,,"caribou, alaska, diet, fecal",,REINDEER
13832,"Bolton, EM",Lichens for Vegetable Dyeing,,,63,1960,"Charles T. Branford Co., Newton Center 59, Massachusetts",,dyeing dyes uses chemistry,"5 pl. and a fontispiece in color. [Practical recipes for dyeing media prepared from lichens. Printed in Italy, issued simultaneously by an English publisher. Reviewed in this issue of The Bryologist.]",HUMAN DYE
5869,"Book, SA Connolly, GE Longhurst, WM",Fallout 137Cs accumulation in two adjecent populations of Northern California deer,Health Physics,22,379-385,1972,,,radiation deer,,RADIATION
5176,"Boonpragob, K Nash, TH"", III Fox, CA",Seasonal deposition patterns of acidic ions and ammonium to the lichen Ramalina menziesii Tayl. in Southern California,Environmental and Experimental Botany,29(2),187-197,1989,,,seasonal deposition acidic ions ammonium Ramalina California physiology air pollution,"4 tables. 4 figures. [Study conducted at two-week intervals over 50 weeks at both polluted and non-polluted sites. ""During interstorm periods accumulation of leachable ions occurred with the highest levels found at the end of extended summer drought peri",AIR
530,"Bosserman, RW Hagner, JE",Elemental composition of epiphytic lichens from Okefenokee Swamp,The Bryologist,84,48-58,1981,,,epiphyte Georgia Florida Okefenokee Usnea Parmelia heavy metal,"2 figure. 6 tables. [""The fruticose lichen, Usnea, appears to depend more on atmospheric wetfall than dryfall, having higher concentrations of dominant precipitation elements (Na, Ca, Mg). THe foliose lichen, Parmelia, appears to depend more on atmospher",PHYS
6112,"Boucher, VL Nash III, TH",Growth patterns in Ramalina menziesii in California: coastal vs. inland populations,The Bryologist,93(3),295-302,1990,,,,,GROWTH
16363,"Boucher, VL Nash III, TR",The role of the fruticose lichen Ramalina menziesii in the annual turnover of biomass and macronutrients in a blue oak woodland.,Bot. Gaz.,151(1),114-118,1990,,,,,BIOMASS
3901,"Bowler, PA Rundel, PW",Reproductive strategies in lichens,Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. [London],70,325-340,1975,,,reproduction species pairs evolution review chemistry,2 figures. 2 tables.,GROWTH
1150,"Branch, GM Branch, ML","Experimental analysis of intraspecific competition in an intertidal gastropod, Littorina unifasciata",Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research,32,573-589,1981,,,invertebrate gastropod food marine,10 figures. 3 tables. [Lichens are mentioned as the food source for the animals.],INVERTEBRATE
X53,"Brand, LR",Tree nests of California chipmunks (Eutamias),American Midlands Naturalist,91(2),489-491,1974,,,,,MISC. WILDLIFE
16019,"Brandborg, SM",Life history and management of the mountain goat in Idaho.,Wildlife Bulletin No. 2,,,1955,"State of Idaho, Dept. of Fish and Game",,,,LARGE MAMMAL
8975,"Brightman, FH",Lichens in churchyards,Newsletter of the Assoc. of Gravestone Studies,Spring,38208,1993,,,,,CONSERVE
12529,"Brightman, FH",Insect on lichens,The Lichenologist,3(1),154,1965,,,insects invertebrates Lepraria Infurcitinea,[Infurcitinea argentimaculella on Lepraria.],INVERTEBRATE
3909,"Brightman, FH Seaward, MRD",Lichens of man-made substrates,Lichen Ecology,,253-293,1977,"Academic Press, London",M. R. D. Seaward (ed.),ecology man-made substrates habitats,5 figures. 8 tables. [Review.],SUBSTRATE
17952,"Brij Lal Upreti,DK",Ethnobotanical notes on three Indian lichens,Lichenologist,27(1),77-79,1995,,,ECONOMIC USES ETHNOBOTANY INDIA MEDICINE,"[Notes on Buellia cf. subsoriroides (yields a dye used to stain the skin), Parmelia sancti-angeli (ashed and used to treat a skin disease), and Usnea longissima (used to stuff pillows).]",HUMAN ASIA
6117,"Broad, K",Lichens in southern woodlands,Forestry Commission Handbook 4,,48,1989,"HMSO Books, London",,,,ENV
6545,"Broadbooks, HE",Tree nests of chipmunks with comments on associated behavior and ecology,J. Mammal,55,630-639,1974,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
14480,"Broadhead, E Thornton, IWB",An ecological study of three closely related psocid species,Oikos,6(1),18264,1955,,,psocids invertebrates animals food herbivory,19 fig. 18 tab. [Experiments show that lichens are a considerable part of the diet of Elipsocus mclachani and explain the predominance of the insect on lichen-covered larch.],INVERTEBRATE
1782,"Brodo, IM",Guide to the Literature for the Identification of North American Lichens,,,39,1985,"Syllogeus 56. National Museums of Canada, Ottawa",,literature guide own identification,"[Author presents a most useful guide to the literature for the identification of North American lichens. The list is divided into four parts: general references, references for major categories of lichens or regions of North America, pertinent literature",
2936,"Brodo, IM","A new species of the lichen genus Sulcaria (Ascomycotina, Alectoriaceae) from California",Mycotaxon,27,113-117,1986,,,California Alectoriaceae Sulcaria new taxa,3 figures. [New: Sulcaria isidiifera# sp. nov.],TAXON
3911,"Brodo, IM",Changing concepts regarding chemical diversity in lichens,Lichenologist,10,37997,1978,,,chemistry taxonomy nomenclature review,[Review.],TAXON
5931,"Brodo, IM",Studies in the lichen genus Ochrolechia. 2. Corticolous species of North America,Canadian J. Botany,69 (4),733-772,1991,,,Ochrolechia corticolous,,TAXON
5946,"Brodo, IM",Transplant experiments with corticolous lichens using a new technique,Ecology,42,838-841,1961,,,transplant corticolous,,GROWTH
77,"Brodo, IM Richardson, DHS",Chimeroid associations in the genus Peltigera,Lichenologist,10,157-170,1978,,,Peltigera chimeras British Columbia Canada phycobiont mycobiont,"16 figures including 1 color plate. 2 tables. [Detailed study of material collected in British Columbia, Canada. Results of anatomical and chemical investigations support the concept that the mycobiont in question can establish distinct morphotypes with ",MORPH
320,"Brodo, IM Richardson, DHS",Chimeroid associations in the genus Peltigera,Lichenologist,10,157-170,1978,,,Peltigera chimeras British Columbia Canada phycobiont mycobiont,"16 figures including 1 color plate. 2 tables. [Detailed study of material collected in British Columbia, Canada. Results of anatomical and chemical investigations support the concept that the mycobiont in question can establish distinct morphotypes with ",SYMBIOSIS
6017,"Brody, JE",Is the air pure or foul? Lichens can tell the tale,New York Times,38217,"17,20",1987,,,air pollution,,AIR
8967,"Brooker, SG Cambie, RC Cooper, RC",New Zealand Medicinal Plants,,,,1987,"Heinemann, Aukland",,,,HUMAN NEW ZEALAND
8966,"Brooker, SG Cooper, RC",New Zealand medicinal plants,Econ. Bot.,15,37996,1961,,,,,HUMAN NEW ZEALAND
7490,"Brooker, SG, Cambie, RC Cooper, RC",Economic Native Plants of New Zealand,Econ. Bot.,43(1),,1989,,,,"pp. 94, 101 only.",HUMAN GENERAL
8940,"Broom, BM","Ethnobotany of the Chacabo Indians, Beni, Bolivia",,,,1987,NY Botanical Garden,,,,HUMAN LATIN AMERICA
1787,"Brotherson, JD Rushforth, SR Johansen, JR","Effects of long-term grazing on cryptogam crust cover in Navajo National Monument, Ariz",Journal of Range Management,36,579-581,1983,,,soil stabilization own cryptogamic crusts grazing ecology Arizona,"4 tables. [""Both vascular and nonvascular communities were heavily impacted with the cryptogamic community showing the greatest reduction in cover. Lichens and mosses were the most damaged, while the algae were much more tolerant.""]",SOIL
2363,"Brough, SG",Dye characteristics of British Columbia forest lichens,Syesis,17,81-94,1984,,,British Columbia Canada dyes economic uses,"2 tables. [Survey included 42 lichen species from 19 localities. ""All lichens produced some colour, 33 species produced colours classified as good to excellent.""]",HUMAN DYE
3475,"Brough, SG",Navajo lichen dyes,Lichenologist,20(3),279-290,1988,,,Navajo dyes Indians uses United States,"1 table. [Report on dyeing of wool (155 individual dye tests) by extracts of 35 lichens collected on or near the Navajo Indian Reservation in the southwestern United States. ""Predominant dye colours were tan, but yellow, orange, pink, purple, and blue-gr",HUMAN SOUTHWEST
3921,"Brown, DH",Mineral uptake by lichens,Lichenology: Progress and Problems,,419-439,1976,"Academic Press, London","D. H. Brown, D. L. Hawksworth & R. H. Bailey (eds.)",mineral uptake physiology accumulation,4 tables.,METAL
5791,"Brown, DH",Toxicity studies on the components of an oil-spill emulsifier using Lichina pygmaea and Xanthoria parietina,Marine Biology,18,291-297,1973,,,toxicity emusifier oil spill,,TOXIC
6532,"Brown, DH Brown, RM",Mineral cycling and lichens: the physiological basis,Lichenologist,23 (3),293-307,1991,,,,,PHYS
5906,"Brown, GW Yde, CA",Seasonal food habits of a population of bighorn sheep in NW Montana as determined by a microhistologic examination of fecal material.,Proceedings of the 6th Biennial Symposium of the Northern Wild Sheep and Goat Council,,,1988,,"Samuel, WM","montana, bighorn sheep, microstology",p.246 only,LARGE MAMMAL
4837,"Brown, RT Mikola, P",The influence of fruticose soil lichens upon the mycorrhizae and seedling growth of forest trees,Acta Forest. Fenn.,141,38009,1974,,,mycorrhizae allelopathy Cladonia Finland seedling development,5 fig. 7 tab. [A striking demonstration of the effect of a Cladonia cover on seedlings of Picea abies in the field.],PLANT
16056,"Brown, W.K. Theberge, J.B.",The effect of extreme snowcover on feeding-site selection by woodland caribou.,J. Wildl. Manage,54(1),161-168,1990,,,,,REINDEER
8015,"Brown,DH",Impact of agriculture on bryophytes and lichens,Bryophytes and Lichens in a Changing Environment,,259-283,1992,"Clarendon Press, Oxford","Bates,JW/Farmer,AM (eds.)",AGRICULTURE FERTILIZERS FUNGICIDES HERBICIDES INSECTICIDES PESTICIDES,,TOXIC
12149,"Bryan, NG Young, S Shirley, CK",Navajo Native Dyes. Their Preparation and Use,,,75,1940,"U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs",,dyes Navajo USA uses chemistry,"pp. 42-43 only. Reissued in 1963. Available from the Haskell Institute, Lawrence, Kansas.  Parmelia as a source of dyes, pp. 42-43, 47.]",HUMAN SOUTHWEST
5192,"Bubrick, P",Effects of symbiosis on the photobiont,CRC Handbook of Lichenology. Volume II,,133-144,1988,"CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton",M. Galun (ed.),photobiont symbiosis lichenization review TEM,"7 figures. 1 table. [""In this chapter, various photobiont modifications not directly related to biotrophy are mentioned. These include changes in morphology, developmental cycles, reproductive strategies, and subcellular details."" Review with 95 referenc",SYMBIOSIS
1162,"Bubrick, P Ben-Yaakov, M Frensdorff, A Galun, M",Lichen symbiosis: does the surface of the phycobiont's cell wall play a role in discrimination between compatible and incompatible symbionts?,Israel Journal of Botany,32,47-48,1983,,,symbiosis cell wall recognition mycobiont phycobiont,[Abstract.],SYMBIOSIS
544,"Bubrick, P Galun, M",Symbiosis in lichens: differences in cell wall properties of freshly isolated and cultured phycobionts,FEMS Microbiology Letters,7,311-313,1980,,,cell wall phycobiont culture Con A symbiosis,"1 table. [Reports the reappearance of Con A binding sites on phycobiont cell walls following isolation from the lichenized condition. "" ... It is suggested that there can be a turnover of components in the original cell wall. Thus, the cell surface modif",SYMBIOSIS
6177,"Budel, B",Anatomical adaptations to the semiarid/arid environment in the lichen genus Peltula,Contributions to Lichenology in Honour of A. Henssen,,47-61,1990,"Bibliotheca Lichenologica. No. 38. J. Cramer, Berlin-Stuttgart",H. M. Jahns (ed.),anatomy arid adaptations Peltula Heppiaceae morphology,"2 tables. 16 figures. [Analyses are made of three modifications for protection of the photobiont and other morphologies which ""extend the photosynthetic active phases with the accumulated capillary water.""]",MORPH
13237,"Bunnell, FL",Deer-forest relationships on northern Vancouver Island.,"Sitka Black-Tailed Deer: Proceedings of a Conference in Juneau, Alaska",,86-101,1979,USDA Forest Service,O.C. Wallmo and J.W. Schoen,,,LARGE MAMMAL
16025,"Burt, P",Barrenland Beauties,,,,199-,"Outcrop, Ltd., Yellowknife, N.W.T.",,,,GENERAL
5907,"Burzlaff, DF",The poisonous lichen Parmelia molliuscula,Wyoming Range Management,28,37988,1950,,,substance livestock poison,,COMPOUND
5843,"Bustinza, F",Antibacterial substances from lichens,Economic Botany,6 (4),402-406,1952,,,antibiotic substances,,COMPOUND
548,"Calkin, PE Eillis, JM","A lichenometric dating curve and its application to holocene glacier studies in the central Brooks Range, Alaska",Arctic and Alpine Research,12,245-264,1980,,,arctic Alaska lichenometry Rhizocarpon growth radiocarbon dating,"8 figures. 2 tables. [""The Rhizocarpon geographicum curve has a great growth period lasting 200 yr based on historic, dendrochronologic, and direct measurement control; this is followed by a linear growth phase of approximately 3 mm per century based on ",GROWTH
18041,"Campbell, D.G.",The bottom of the bottom of the world.,Natural History,Nov.,46-52,1992,,,,,COMMUNITY
6529,"Canters, KJ Scholler, H Ott, S Jahns, HM",Microclimatic influences on lichen distribution and community development,Lichenologist,23 (3),237-252,1991,,,,,COMMUNITY
6546,"Carey, AB",The Biology of Arboreal Rodents in Douglas-Fir Forests,,,46 PP,1991,"USDS Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, General Technical Report 276.",,,,SMALL MAMMAL
X115,"Carey, AB",Sciurids in Pacific Northwest managed and old-growth forests,Ecological Applications,5(3),648-661,1995,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
X117,"Carey, AB",Wildlife associated with old-growth forests in the Pacific Northwest,Natural Areas Journal,9(3),151-162,1989,,,,,MISC. WILDLIFE
X116,"Carey, AB, ML Johnson","Small mammals in managed, naturally young, and old-growth forests",Ecological Applications,5(2),336-352,1995,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
X114,"Carey, AB, TM Wilson, CC Maguire, BL Biswell",Dens of northern flying squirrels in the Pacific Northwest,J. Wildl. Manage.,61(3),684-699,1997,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
1799,"Carlberg, GE Ofstad, EB Drangsholt, H Steinnes, E",Atmospheric deposition of organic micropollutants in Norway studied by means of moss and lichen analysis,Chemosphere,12,341-356,1983,,,air pollution clorinated hydorcarbons Norway own alkanes,"5 figures. 2 tables. [""Lichen and moss have been found to reflect the pollution distribution in air better than biological samples like fish where many of the compounds are metabolized. The results from this investigation show that lichen may be well sui",AIR
16262,"Carr, A.",A Naturalist in Florida,,,264,1994,Yale University Press,,,p. 184 only.,BIRD
X16,"Carroll GC, Pike LH, Perkins JR, Sherwood M",Biomass and distribution patterns of conifer twig microepiphytes in a Douglas-fir forest,Canadian Journal of Botany,58(6),624-630,1980,,,,,BIOMASS
X2,"Carroll, J.",,San  Francisco Chronicle,unknown,unknown,1993,unknown,,,,MISC
19407,Casselman KD,Lichen dyes: a sourcebook,,,57,1996,"Studio Vista, Nova Scotia",,"dyes, history, source, ecodyes",,HUMAN DYE
X40,"Casselman KL, Hill JM",Lichens as a monitoring tool: a Pictou County (Nova Scotia) perspective,In: Ecosystem monitoring and protected areas,,237-244,1995,"Science and Management of Protected Areas Association,  Wolfville, Nova Scotia","Herman TB, Bonr\drup-Nielsen S, Martin Willison JH, Munro NWP",,,ENV
1177,"Casselman, KL",Craft of the Dyer: Colour from Plants and Lichens of the Nortwest,,,249,1980,"University of Toronto Press, Toronto",,dyes Lobaria Usnea Cladonia Peltigera economic uses,"12 color plates. [Information on dyeing with lichens on pages 164-173. Lobaria, Umbilicaria, Usnea, Peltigera and Cladonia species are stressed.]",HUMAN DYE
5878,"Casselman, KL",parts of manuscript on lichen dyes,,,,1990,,,human uses dyes,,HUMAN DYE
7484,"Casselman, KL",Cemetery Lichen Dyes,Newsletter of the Association for Gravestone Studies,15(4),38020,1991,,,,,HUMAN DYE
7508,"Casselman, KL","Dyes: Conservation, Education and Preservation",The Occasional,0.542361111,13-16,1992,,,,lichen dyes,HUMAN DYE
X65,"Casselman, KLD",Bibliography of articles by Karen (Leigh) Diadick Casselman,none,none,none,1996,,,,3pp. 30 articles listed.,HUMAN DYE
8639,"Castetter, EF",Uncultivated plants used as sources of food,Univ. of New Mexico Bull.,226,62,1935,"(Biol. Ser. v.4 no. 1, Ethnobiological Studies in the Amer. SW)",,,,BIBLIO
16018,"Chadwick, DH",Mountain goat ecology-logging relationships in the Bunker Creek drainage of western Montana.,"State of Montana, Statewide Wildlife Research",job BG-9.01,1-230,1973,State of Montana,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
8846,"Chamberlain, LS",Plants used by American indians,Am. Nat.,35,37996,1901,,,,,HUMAN EAST NORTH AMERICAN PLAINS
3944,"Chambers, S Morris, M Smith, DC",Lichen physiology. XV. The effect of digitonin and other treatments on biotrophic transport of glucose from alga to fungus in Peltigera polydactyla,New Phytologist,76,485-500,1976,,,carbohydrate transfer glucose Peltigera physiology digitonin,5 figures. 8 tables.,PHYS
5893,"Chapman, JA Feldhamer, GA",Wild Mammals of North America,,,932-933,1982,Johns Hopkins University Press,,"caribou, behavior, food habits","pp. 854-857, 864-867, 882-885, 910-911, 964-967, 984-987, 1012-1014, 1026-1027, 1042-1045.","REINDEER, LARGE MAMMAL"
91,"Childress, S Keller, JB",Lichen growth,Journal of Theoretical Biology,32,157-165,1980,,,growth free boundary photosynthesis,"3 figures. [""A theory of the growth of a lichen is presented, based upon the production of a carbohydrate by photosynthesis, partical consumption of it to thicken the lichen, diffusion of the remainder toward the outer edge, and its consumption there to ",GROWTH
5983,"Chopra, RN Chopra, IC Handa, KL Kapur, LD",Indigenous Drugs of India,,,,1958,"Academic Publishers, Calcutta & New Delhi",,medicine human uses India,pp. 642-649 only.,HUMAN ASIA
X113,"Clarkson, DA, LS Mills",Hypogeous sporocarps in forest remnants and clearcuts in southwest Oregon,Northwest Science,68(4),259-265,1994,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
16275,"Cliff, EP",Relationship between elk and mule deer in the Blue Mountains of Oregon,Trans. N. Amer. Wildl. Conf.,,560-569,1939,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
6030,"Coker, PD",Damage to lichens by gastropods,Lichenologist,3,428-429,1967,,,gastropods invertebrates Sussex British Isles herbivory Lehmannia marginata,[The slug Lehmannia marginata damages lichens in Sussex.],INVERTEBRATE
100,"Collins, CR Farrar, JF",Structural resistances to mass transfer in the lichen Xanthoria parietina,New Phytologist,81,71-83,1978,,,Xanthoria growth ribitol carbohydrate transfer mycobiont phycobiont,"3 figures. 5 tables. [""It is concluded (a) that diffisive CO2 flux into the alga is greatly reduced by the resistance of the fungal cortex, (b) that diffusion can easily account for the mass transfer of ribitol from alga to fungus, and (c) that haustoria",PHYS
16037,"Collins, HB Clark, AH Walker, EH",The Aleutian Islands: Their People and Natural History,War Background Studies,21,,1945,Smithsonian Institution,,,p. 70 only.,HUMAN GENERAL
5814,"Conner, DA",Life in a rock pile,Natural History,JUNE,51-57,1983,,,animal pika,,SMALL MAMMAL
5944,"Cooke, R",Lichens,The Biology of Symbiotic Fungi,,226-253,1977,"John Wiley & Sons, London",,physiology symbiosis,,SYMBIOSIS
8849,"Coon, N","Using plants for healing, an American herbal",,,272,1963,"Hearthside Press, NY",,,pp. 100-101 oonly.,HUMAN GENERAL
103,"Cooper, G Carroll, GC",Ribitol as a major component of water-soluble leachates from Lobaria oregana,The Bryologist,81,568-572,1978,,,Lobaria ribitol own leachates polyols,"[Lobaria is presumed to constitute a major pool for polyols found in throughfall from the coniferous stands under study; as such, this lichen may be an important energy source for heterotrophic canopy microorganisms which subsist on leachates.""]",PHYS
2410,"Coppins, BJ Rose, F Tittensor, RM",Lichens from a 16th century Sussex cottage,Lichenologist,17,297-314,1985,,,British Isles Sussex own,"[Several species are mentioned. Authors suggest that "" ... there is a source of data concerning the species of past environments still untapped because it is only just being realized that buildings may contain and retain a multitude of floristic and faun",CONSERVE
8644,"Coville, FC",Notes on the plants used by the Klamath Indians of Oregon,Contr. U.S. Nat. Herbarium,5,87-105,1897,,,,,GENERAL
115,"Cowan, DA Green, TGA Wilson, AT",Lichen metabolism 2. Aspects of light and dark physiology,New Phytologist,83,761-769,1979,,,metabolism Ramalina Peltigera polyols,"3 tables. 4 figures. [Studies on Ramalina delastri and Peltigera polydactyla. ""The dissimilarity between 3H and 14C labelling patterns has led to the conclusion that polyols synthesized in the absence of photosynthesis must be derived from other stored s",PHYS
5889,"Cowan, IM",Nesting habits of the flying squirrel Glaucomys sabrinus.,J. Mammal.,,58-60,1936,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
6053,"Cowan, IM","The ecological relationships of the food of the black-tailed deer, Odocoileus hemionus columbianus (Richardson) in the coast forest region of southern Vancouver Island, B.C.",Ecol. Monogr.,15,109-139,1945,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
1819,"Coxson, D Webber, MR Kershaw, KA",The thermal operating environment of corticolous and pendulous tree lichens,The Bryologist,87,197-202,1984,,,thermal environment Hypogymnia Letharia Usnea own,"4 figures. [Thallus temperature of Hypogymnia physodes was consistiently well above the ambient temperature while the pendulous Usnea remained close to air temperature. Letharia vulpina was intermediate. Authors point out the importance of ""...defining t",PHYS
16263,"Coxson, D.S. Nadkarni, N.M.",Ecological roles of epiphytes in nutrient cycles of forest ecosystems.,Forest Canopies,,495-543,1995,"Academic Press, San Diego","Lowman,MD/Nadkarni,NM (eds.)",BIOGEOGRAPHY BIOMASS CANOPY ECOLOGICAL ROLES ENDEMISM EVOLUTION FLORISTICS FOREST,,ENV
16093,"Crete, M Huot, J Gauthier, L",Food selection during early lactation by caribou calving on the tundra in Quebec,Arctic,43(1),60-65,1990,,,,,REINDEER
6105,"Crete, M Morneau, C Nault, R",Biomasse et especes de lichens terrestres disponsibles pour le caribou dan le nord du Quebec,Canadian Journal of Botany,68 (10),2407,1990,,,,,BIOMASS
6055,"Cringan, AT","History, food habits and range requirements of the woodland caribou of continental North America.",Trans. N. Amer. Wildl. Conf.,22,485-501,1967,,,forage caribou epiphytes terricolous animals food North America,3 fig. 3 tab. [Relationship of soil- and tree-inhabiting lichens to forest type and tree crown density.],REINDEER
4848,"Crittenden, PD",Nitrogen fixation by lichens on glacial drift in Iceland,New Phytologist,74,41-49,1975,,,Iceland nitrogen fixation glacial drift physiology,5 tab. 2 fig.,NITRO
5222,"Crittenden, PD",Nitrogen relations of mat-forming lichens,"Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulphur Utilization by Fungi",,243-268,1989,"Cambridge University Press, Cambridge","L. Boddy, R. Marchant & D. J. Read (eds.)",Cladonia nitrogen Stereocaulon mineral nutrients,"12 figures. 3 tables. [Detailed review with comparisons to ectomycorrhizae. Both symbioses exploit periodic nutrient flushes, store nutrients in fungal tissues, and remobilize stored reserves to meet growth requirements of the photobiont.]",NITRO
122,"Crittenden, PD Kershaw, KA",Discovering the role of lichens in the nitrogen cycle in boreal-arctic ecosystems,The Bryologist,81,258-267,1978,,,Canada nitrogen fixation Stereocaulon Northwest Territories nitrogenase,"[Data from studies of the nitrogen fixing capabilities of Stereocaulon paschale mats in the Northwest Territories ""... suggest that simple predictive models are not yet able to accurately describe levels of nitrogenase activity in nature and that estimat",NITRO
X38,"Cross, M",Lichens may help date earthquakes,,,,1994,National Geographic Society,,"earthquake, new zealand, rhizocarpon, geology, dating",,ENV
16027,"Crossen, KJ",Guide to the little ice age landforms and glacial dynamics in Portage Valley and Portage Pass,"for Int'l. Conf. on Arctic Margins, Anchorage, AK",,46,1992,"Alaska Geological Society, Anchorage, AK",,,,DATING
6553,"Crouch, GL",Coniferous forest habitats,Mule and Black-tailed Deer of North America,,423-433,1981,University of Nebraska Press,"Wallmo, OC",,,LARGE MAMMAL
8496,"Crum, H",A lichenologist's view of lichen manna,Contributions to the University of Michigan Herbarium,19,293-306,1993,,,ASPICILIA FOOD MANNA,19 fig. [Detailed discussion of the history and possible identities of the biblical (and other) manna.],HUMAN FOOD
5839,"Culberson, WL Culberson, CF",Habitat selection by chemically differentiated races of lichens,Science,158,1195-1197,1967,,,community Ramalina substance habitat,,COMMUNITY
8159,"Cumming, HG",Woodland caribou: Facts for forest managers,The Forestry Chronicle,68(4),481-491,1992,,,,,REINDEER
6031,"Curtin, LSM",Healing herbs of the Upper Rio Grande,,,281,1974,"Southwest Museum, Los Angeles (also, 1976, Arroyo Press, Los Angeles)",,,,BIBLIO
6031,"Curtin, LSM",Healing herbs of the Upper Rio Grande,,,281,1974,"Southwest Museum, Los Angeles (also, 1976, Arroyo Press, Los Angeles)",,,,HUMAN SOUTHWEST
7500,"Curtin, LSM",Ethnobotany of the Pima (By the Prophet of the Earth),,,156,1984,Univ. of Arizona Press,,,pp. 76-79 only.,HUMAN SOUTHWEST
8646,"Curtin, LSM","Some Plants used by the Yuki Indians of Round Valley, Northern California",,,,1957,"Southwest Museum, Leaflet 27, Los Angeles",,,,HUMAN GENERAL
5959,"Cuthbert, JB",Some notes on the physiology of Teloschistes flavicans,Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Africa,19,27-44,1931,,,Teloschistes substance physiology,,COMPOUND
3982,"Czehura, SJ","A lichen indicator of copper mineralization, Lights Creek district, Plumas County, California",Econ. Geol.,72,796-803,1977,,,copper heavy metals Lecanora mineralization absorption uptake California,"5 figures. 1 table. [""Color differences in the thalli of Lecanora cascadensis Magn. correspond well with copper mineralization .... Apparently the lichen's anomalous green color is due to its ability to absorb and concentrate copper.""",HUMAN GENERAL
8938,"d'Abano, P","De Venenis of Petrus Abbonus, trans. HM Brown, in: Annals of the History of Medicine",,VI(1),,1924,,,,"2 pages on plant extracts, one paragrraph on ""Usnea""; might be Letharia.",HUMAN GENERAL
15999,"Darby, W.R. Duquette, L.S.","Woodland caribou and forestry in Northern Ontario, Canada",Rangifer,1 (special issue),81-93,1986,,,,,REINDEER
16357,"Darby, WR, Pruitt, WO Jr.","Habitat use, movements and grouping behavior of woodland caribou, Rangifer tarandus caribou, in southwestern Manitoba.",Can. Field-Nat.,98,184-190,1984,,,,,REINDEER
4851,"DaSilva, EJ Henriksson, LE Henriksson, E",Effect of pesticides on blue-green algae and nitrogen-fixation,Arch. Envir. Contamination Toxicol.,3,193-204,1975,,,pesticides nitrogen fixation Collema Nostoc algae cyanobionts pollution,2 fig. 4 tab. [Includes tests on Nostoc sp. from Collema.],TOXIC
5810,"Davis, EW Yost, JA",Novel hallucinogens from eastern Ecuador,Botanical Museum Leaflets (Peabody Musuem),29 (3),291-295,1983,,,human uses hallucinogen basidiolichen,,HUMAN LATIN AMERICA
X31,"Davis, JR",Survey of lichens of the Carson Depot Road area,none,,,unk.,self,,"checklist, columbia river, survey","list of 154 lichens, with intro & brief comments.",LIST
1833,"Dawson, HJ Hrutfiord, BF Ugolini, FC",Mobility of lichen compounds from Cladonia mitis in arctic soils,Soil Science,138,40-45,1984,,,lichen acids soil mobility Alaska,"2 tables. [Authors show that lichen compounds in Alaskan soil are mobile and usnic acid concentrations range between 1.0 and 4.0 ppm. ""Therefore, these findings support evidence that lichen compounds may contribute significantly to the development of the",SOIL
X123,"de Vosjoli, P",Account from the daily journals of Philippe de Vosjoli and Frank Fast,The Vivarium,6(5),4,1998,,,,,INVERTEBRATE
16271,"Dearden, BL Hansen, RM Pegau, RE",Plant fragment discernibility in caribou rumens.,Proceedings of the First International Reindeer and Caribou Symposium,,257-277,1975,Biological Papers of the University of Alaska,"Luick, JR Lent, PC Klein, DR White, RG",caribou animal,,REINDEER
16269,"Dearden, BL Pegau, RE Hansen, RM",Precision of microhistological estimeates of ruminant food habits.,J. Wildl. Manage.,39(2),402-407,1975,,,,,ANIMAL
7511,"DeBolt, A","Woven-spore lichen, a biotic soil crust rarity.",Sage Notes,15(4),38113,1992,Idaho Native Plant Society Newsletter,,,"""Grazing disrupts the biotic soil crust, promoting habitat conversion from sagebrush-bunchgrass communities to annual grasslands dominated by Bromus species, esp. Bromus tectorum.""--excerpt",SOIL
6537,"del Monte, M",Trajan's Column: lichens don't live here any more,"Endeavour, New Series",15 (2),86-93,1991,,,,,SUBSTRATE
16276,"DeNio, RM",Elk and deer foods and feeding habits.,Trans. N. Amer. Wildl. Conf.,,421-427,1938,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
5802,"Denison, R Caldwell, B Bormann, B Eldred, L Swanberg, C Anderson, S",The effects of acid rain on nitrogen fixation in western Washington coniferous forests,USDA Forest Service General Technical Report NE-23,,933-949,1976,,,acid rain nitrogen,,ACID RAIN
5807,"Denison, WC",Life in tall trees,Sci. Am.,JUNE,74-80,1973,,,nitrogen community,,NITRO
585,"Dennis, WM Collier, PA DePriest, P Morgan, EL",Habitat notes on the aquatic lichen Hydrotheria venosa Russell in Tennessee,The Bryologist,84,402-403,1981,,,Tennessee Hydrothyria ecology,"[This species is now known from Sevier, Blount and Monore counties in Tennessee, and physiochemical water quality notes are given.]",WATER
3993,"DesMeules, P Heyland, J",Contribution to the study of the food habits of caribou. Part I--Lichen preferences,Natural. Canad.,96,317-331,1969,,,caribou food behavior animals,2 figures. 6 tables.,REINDEER
X41,"Devitt, T",Air pollution decimating nation's lichens,,,,1996,,,"pollution, isle royal, decline",email via arizona state university,ENV
3995,"Dey, JP",Fruticose and foliose lichens of the high-mountain areas of the southern Appalachians,The Bryologist,81,33970,1978,,,Parmelia new taxa Southern Appalachians macrolichens foliose fruticose North Carolina Tennessee Virginia Georgia key,2 figures. 1 table. [178 species; keys. New: Parmelia producta (Hale) comb. nov.],LIST
5973,"di Benadetto, G Furnari, F",Sulla cresciti di Trebouxia albulescens e di T. humicola trattate con acido B indol-acetico e con acido gibberllico,Boll. Ist. Univ. Catania,2,29-34,1961,,,photobiont physiology Trebouxia,,PHYS
5980,"Dibben, MJ",Whole-lichen culture in a phytotron,Lichenologist,5,37996,1971,,,culture physiology growth,,CULTURE
X126,"Ditchkoff, SS, FA Servello",Litterfall: an overlooked food source fo rwintering white-tailed deer,J. Wildl. Manage.,62(1),250-255,1998,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
7498,"Dobrowolski, J West, N",Desert crusts: irreplaceable veneer of ecological frosting?,Utah Science,summer,44-49,1991,,,,,SOIL
X37,Dobson F,Lichens on man-made surfaces,,,,1996,"British Lichen Society, London",,"concrete, pH, pollution, encouragement, removal",,CONSERVE
592,"Donkin, RA",Manna: An Historical Geography,,,161,1980,"Biogeographica 17. Dr. W. Junk B. V., The Hague-Boston-London",,manna history Lecanora,"17 maps. 16 figures. [Includes a discussion of Lecanora esculenta and other species as ""manna lichen"" on pages 43-54.]",HUMAN FOOD
1224,"Donkin, RA","The ""manna lichen:"" Lecanora esculenta",Anthropos,76,562-576,1981,,,manna history Lecanora,"2 figures. [Review of reports of ""manna lichen"" throughout history.]",HUMAN FOOD
6567,"Douglas, WO",Of Men and Mountains,,,338,1950,Harper and Brothers,,,p. 284 only.,LARGE MAMMAL
X66,"Dove, M",How Coyote happened to make the black moss food,Coyote stories,,,1933,"Caxton Printers, Ltd. Caldwell, ID.",,,pp. 121-125 only.,HUMAN NORTHWEST
16023,"Duke, JR",Winter food habits of mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) on the Kenai Peninsula of Alaska,M.S. Thesis,,,1982,"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO",,,,LARGE MAMMAL
X44,"Duquette, LS",A draft copy of: standards and guidelines for caribou habitat management,draft,draft,draft,unknown,,,"caribou, management, guidelines",title and first pages only.,REINDEER
8613,"Ebeling, W",Handbook of Indian Foods and Fibers of Arid America,,,,1986,Univ. of Calif. Press,,,pp. 762-763 only.,HUMAN SOUTHWEST
5913,"Edmonds, EJ","Population status, distribution, and movements of woodland caribou in west central Alberta",Can. J. Zool.,66,817-826,1988,,,caribou animal,,REINDEER
16273,"Edmonds, EJ Bloomfield, M",A study of woodland caribou in west central Alberta,Caribou Research and Management in British Columbia; Proceedings of a Workshop,,21-25,1985,"B.C. Ministry of Forests, Publ. WHR-27",Rick Page,,,REINDEER
9012,"Edwards, RY",Fire and the decline of a mountain caribou herd,J. Wildl. Manage.,18(4),521-526,1954,,,,,REINDEER
5915,"Edwards, RY Ritcey, RW","Foods of caribou in Wells Gray Park, British Columbia",Canad. Field-Naturalist,74,38053,1960,,,caribou food Wells Gray Provincial Park British Columbia Canada Alectoria animals,"2 tab. [""A variety of foods is eaten in summer, but in winter the main food is provided by the arboreal lichens of the genus Alectoria.""]",REINDEER
5916,"Edwards, RY Ritcey, RW","Migrations of caribou in a mountainous area in Wells Gray Park, British Columbia",Canad. Field-Naturalist,73,21-25,1959,,,caribou,,REINDEER
5910,"Edwards, RY Soos, J Ritcey, RW",Quantitative observations on epidendric lichens used as food by caribou.,Ecology,41 (3),425-431,1950,,,caribou animal,,REINDEER
X77,"Eldridge DJ, R. Rosentreter",Morphological groups: a framework for monitoring microphytic crusts in arid landscapes,Journal of Arid Environments,41,11-25,1999,,,"microphytic crusts, morphological greoups, soil crusts, monitoring, non-vascular plants, lichens, bryophytes, arid rangelands",,MORPH
8979,"Eldridge, DJ","Cryptogams, vascular plants, and soil hydrological relations: some preliminary results from the semiarid woodlands of E. Australia",Great Basin Naturalist,53(1),48-58,1993,,,,,SOIL
5900,"Elliott, CL McKendrick, JD",Food habits of Dall sheep on revegetated coal stripmine spoils in Alaska,"Proc. of the Biennial Symposium N. Wild Sheep and Goat Council, Apr-May 1984, Whitehorse, YU",,,1984,,,animal Dall sheep,pp. 248-249 only.,LARGE MAMMAL
6550,"Ellison, L",Seasonal foods and chemical analysis of winter diet of Alaskan spruce grouse,J. Wildl. Manage.,30(4),729-,1966,,,,,BIRD
8664,"Elmore, F.H.",Ethnobotany of the Navajo,,,,1944,U. of New Mexico Press,,,"pp. 16-17, 39, 84 only.",HUMAN SOUTHWEST
12188,"Elton, CS",The Pattern of Animal Communities,,,432,1966,"Methuen & Co. Ltd., London; John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York",,animals British Isles ecology,"28 fig. 87 photographs. [Several references to lichens, especially with regard to animal communities in Britain.]",INVERTEBRATE
8932,"Emmons, G",The basketry of the Tlingit,Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Memoirs,,,1903,NY,,,handwritten note,HUMAN NORTHWEST
8604,"Emmons, GT de Laguna, F Low, J",The Tlingit Indians,,,,1991,"U. of Washington Press, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.",,,pp. 362-?,HUMAN NORTHWEST
4032,"Englund, B","The physiology of the lichen Peltigera aphthosa, with special reference to the blue-green phycobiont (Nostoc. sp.)",Physiol. Plant.,41,298-304,1977,,,Peltigera Nostoc algae nitrogenase enzymes photosynthesis heterocyst water relations respiration,"5 figures. 4 tables. [Heterocyst frequency, nitrogenase activity, photosynthesis, respiration, water realtions.]",SYMBIOSIS
X39,"Erickson,J",Geologist studies lichens to date past earthquakes,Arizona Star,,,1993,,,"eartquake, lichenometry, new zealand, concrete, dams, gravestones",newspaper article,ENV
412,"Eskew, DL Ting, IP",Nitrogen fixation by legumes and blue-green algal-lichen crusts in a Colorado desert environment,American Journal of Botany,65,850-856,1978,,,California desert nitrogen fixation cyanobacteria phycobiont,4 tables. 4 figures. [Study done in Califonria near Palm Desert. No lichens were identified in the study.],NITRO
18052,"Espoz, C. Guzman, G. Castilla, J.C.",The lichen Thelidium litorale on shells of intertidal limpets: a case of lichen-mediated cryptic mimicry.,Marine Ecology Progress Series,119,191-197,1995,,,,,INVERTEBRATE
2456,"Esseen, PA",Litter fall of epiphytic macrolichens in two old Picea abies forests in Sweden,Canadian Journal of Botany,63,980-987,1985,,,litter fall epiphyte Sweden biomass dispersal fruticose,"4 tables. 7 figures. [""Total litter fall amounted to 2.5 and 2.8 tons ha-1 year-1 of which lichens constituted 4.6 and 5.7% at the two sites. It is concluded that dispersal of thallus fragments by wind evidently plays an important role for many of the fi",BIOMASS
X93,"Esseen, P-A/ Renhorn, KE",Edge effects on an epiphytic lichen in fragmented forests,Conservation Biology,12(6),1307-1317,1998,,,EDGE EFFECTS/ FOREST FRAGMENTATION/ FORESTS/ OLD GROWTH FORESTS ,"We present a temporal model of edge effects on lichens based on empirical data for the pendulous, fruticose species Alectoria sarmentosa. Ten high-contrast edges of different age between mature Picea abies forest and large clearcuts (10-260 ha) were studied in northwestern Sweden.",ENV
16344,"Euler, DL Snider, B Timmerman, HR","Woodland caribou and plant communities on the Slate Islands, Lake Superior.",Can. Field-Nat.,90,17-21,1976,,,,,REINDEER
X78,"Evans, RD, JR Johansen",Microbiotic crusts and ecosystem processes,Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences,18(2),183-225,1999,,,"arid lands, biodiversity, carbon cycling, ecosystem stability, land-use change, nitrogen cycling",,ENV
1259,"Eversman, S",Epiphytic lichens of a ponderosa pine forest in southeastern Montana,The Bryologist,85,204-213,1982,,,Montana epiphytes Usnea,"2 tables. 2 figures. [A study of 340 trees in four vegetation types yielded 19 species. Usnea hirta was the most common and abundant species recorded, ""...constituting 31-74% of total lichen cover."" Both diversity and cover were positively correlated wit",COMMUNITY
6015,"Eversman, S",Lichens: tiny bioindicators of air pollution,Western Wildlands,FALL,38337,1985,,,air pollution bioindicator,,AIR
6110,"Eversman, S",Lichens of Yellowstone Park,The Bryologist,93(2),197-205,1990,,,,,COMMUNITY
7567,"Fahselt,D",Geothermal effects on multiple enyzme forms in the lichen Cladonia mitis,Lichenologist,24(2),181-192,1992,,,ELECTROPHORESIS GEOTHERMAL ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING ISOZYMES MULTIPLE ENZYME FORMS,"5 fig. 1 tab. [Study using isoelectric focusing. ""All of the major differences in isozyme patterns between remote samples and those near fumaroles were in the two highly polymorphic enzymes, esterase and alkaline phosphatase. Differences were as great or",PHYS
9292,"Fahselt,D",UV absorbance by thallus extracts of umbilicate lichens,Lichenologist,25(4),415-422,1993,,,ENZYME POLYMORPHISMS ENZYMES GENETICS MUTAGENICITY UMBILICARIA UV UV ABSORPTION,"3 fig. 1 tab. [In 11 stands of umbilicate lichens, correlations were found between the degree of genetic variability, as evidenced by enzyme banding patterns, and the amount of UV absorbing materials produced in the thallus. It is hypothesized that the h",RADIATION
17721,"Fahselt,D",Carbon metabolism in lichens,Symbiosis,17(2-3),127-182,1994,,,CARBON METABOLISM CELL WALL ETHYLENE GROWTH RATES PHOTORESPIRATION PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESPIRATION STORAGE,"10 fig. 3 tab. [Review article, with almost 250 references.]",PHYS
18005,"Fahselt,D",Lichen sexuality from the perspective of multiple enzyme forms,Cryptogamic Botany,5(2),137-143,1995,,,ASCOSPORE GERMINATION ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION ENZYME POLYMORPHISMS ENZYMES GENETIC VARIABILITY ISOZYMES SEX SEXUAL REPRODUCTION,1 fig. 3 tab. [Review and summary of previous studies by the author on lichen genetic variability relative to sexual/asexual species.],PHYS
18112,"Fahselt,D",Growth form and reproductive character of lichens near active fumaroles in Japan,Symbiosis,18(3),211-231,1995,,,COVERAGE FUMAROLES GEOTHERMAL VENTS GROWTH FORM REPRODUCTION SOLFATARAS VOLCANOES,"6 fig. 4 tab. [""Total cover of lichens was determined at intervals across six small-scale geothermal vents in northern Japan and found to be least where soil surface temperature or vascular cover was high or in the direct path of vent gases.""]",MORPH
17754,"Fahselt,D Alstrup,V Tavares,S",Enzyme polymorphism in Umbilicaria cylindrica in northwest Greenland,The Bryologist,98(1),118-122,1995,,,ENZYME POLYMORPHISMS ENZYMES ESTERASE FOSSIL GLACIAL RECESSION GREENLAND SUBFOSSIL,"3 fig. 1 tab. [""As is the case with other lichens examined previously, the U. cylindrica population exhibited appreciable enzyme polymorphism and, thus, potential for evolutionary change."" Subfossil thalli of the same species, which recently emerged afte",MORPH
17089,"Fahselt,D Hageman,C",Rhizine and upper thallus isozymes in umbilicate lichens,Symbiosis,16(1),95-103,1994,,,ENZYMES ISOZYMES PROTEINS RHIZINES UMBILICARIA,2 tab. [Study using Umbilicaria mammulata and U. vellea.],PHYS
7238,"Fahselt,D Sweet,S","Scanning electronmicroscopy of colonizing rock surfaces in the far north, Canada",Proceedings of the National Institute of Polar Research Symposium on Polar Biology,(No. 4),107-113,1991,,,COLONIZATION,13 fig. [Samples from glaciated rock surfaces estimated to be 60 to 100 years old were found to bear biological structures (e.g. spores or hyphae) about half the time.],MORPH
6621,"Farkas,E Pocs,T",Foliicolus lichen-mimicry of a rainforest treefrog?,Acta Botanica Hungarica,35,73-76,1989,,,CAMOUFLAGE FROG MIMICRY TANZANIA,3 fig. [The treefrog Leptopelis uluguruensis Barbour & Loveridge has greenish white spots with lichen prothallus-like white margins which resemble the foliicolous lichens inhabiting the same leaves.],AMPHIB
16361,"Farmer, AM Bates, JW Nigel, J Bell, B",Ecophysiological effects of acid rain on bryophytes and lichens. in: Bryophytes and Lichens in a Changing Environment,,,285-313,1992,"Clarendon Press, Oxford","Bates,JW/Farmer,AM (eds.)",BOREAL FORESTS DECOMPOSITION HERBIVORY LICHEN PARASITES MIRES NITROGEN FIXATION NUTRIENT CYCLING NUTRIENT RELEASE POLAR STRATEGIES SUCCESSION TEMPERATE FORESTS TROPICAL FORESTS TUNDRA,4 fig. 2 tab. ,ACID RAIN
4058,"Farrar, JF",Ecological physiology of the lichen Hypogymnia physodes. I. Some effcts of constant water saturation,New Phytologist,77,93-103,1976,,,Hypogymnia water relations physiology ecology,9 figures. 6 tables.,PHYS
4059,"Farrar, JF",The lichen as an ecosystem: observation and experiment,Lichenology: Progress and Problems,,385-406,1976,"Academic Press, London","D. H. Brown, D. L. Hawksworth & R. H. Bailey (eds.)",ecology ecosystem model,4 figures. 4 tables.,SYMBIOSIS
4060,"Farrar, JF",Ecological physiology of the lichen Hypogymnia physodes. II. Effects of wetting and drying cycles and the concept of 'physiological buffering',New Phytologist,77,105-113,1976,,,Hypogymnia water relations physiology ecology physiological buffering,6 figures. 6 tables.,PHYS
5282,"Farrar, JF",Physiological buffering,CRC Handbook of Lichenology. Volume II,,101-106,1988,"CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton",M. Galun (ed.),buffering physiology polyols,"1 figure. [""It was proposed that this rapid turnover of polyols provided metabolic protection for structural material such as protein, the metabolism of which thus was not subject to the vagaries of a fluctuating environment. This concept was termed 'phy",PHYS
5943,"Farrar, JF",Lichen physiology: progress and pitfalls,Air Pollution and Lichens,,238-282,1973,,,physiology,,PHYS
4061,"Farrar, JF Smith, DC",Ecological physiology of the lichen Hypogymnia physodes. III. The importance of the rewetting phase,New Phytologist,77,115-125,1976,,,rewetting water relations physiology Hypogymnia,8 figures. 7 tables.,PHYS
5895,"Fedosenko, AK",Food habits and habitat use of Putoran snow sheep (Ovis nivicola borealis),Proc. Fifth Bienn. Symp. North. Wild Sheep and Goat Council,,381-385,1986,,,animal large mammal Putoran snow sheep sheep,,LARGE MAMMAL
5988,"Fernald, ML Kinsey, AC",Edible Wild Plants,,,406-414,1943,"Idlewild Press, Cornwall-on-Hudson, New York",,,pp. 406-415,HUMAN GENERAL
5899,"Ferrari, C Rossi, G",Preliminary observations on the summer diet of the Abruzzo chamois (Rupicarpa rupicarpa ornata Neum.),The Biology and Management of th Mountain Ungulates,,,1985,"Croom Helm, Ltd.","Louari, S.",animal chamois,pp. 80-83 only,LARGE MAMMAL
1266,"Ferry, BW",Lichens,Experimental Microbial Ecology,,291-319,1982,"Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, London, Edinburgh, Boston, Melbourne",R. G. Burns & J. H. Slater (eds.),ecology review bibliography,pp. 291-319 only. Detailed review of ecological studies with many references.,GENERAL
4066,"Ferry, BW Baddeley, MS",Sulphur dioxide uptake in lichens,Lichenology: Progress and Problems,,407-418,1976,"Academic Press, London","D. H. Brown, D. L. Hawksworth & R. H. Bailey (eds.)",sulphur SO2 uptake physiology air pollution,6 tables.,AIR
1880,"Fields, RD St. Clair, LL",The effects of SO2 on photosynthesis and carbohydrate transfer in the two lichens: Collema polycarpon and Parmelia chlorochroa,American Journal of Botany,71,986-998,1984,,,air pollution Parmelia Collema SO2 photosynthesis carbohydrate transfer,"7 figures. 5 tables. [""The observed detrimental effects of SO2 on cell membrane permeability as well as the photosynthetic process in both C. polycarpon and P. chlorochroa appear to be caused, at least in part, by sulfur-induced changes in the configuati",AIR
X47,"Fies, M",Night gliders,Virginia Wildlife,,,1986,,,"virginia, flying squirrel, vole",,SMALL MAMMAL
5286,"Filion, L Payette, S",Subarctic lichen polygons and soil development along a colonization gradient on eolian sands,Arctic and Apline Research,21(2),175-184,1989,,,Quebec Canada Cladina terricolous stabilization succession ecology,"1 table. 8 figures. [""It is concluded that the two lichen-polygon types are associated with vegetation and soil development during plant stabilization of eolian sands: the C. mitis type and the C. alpestris type, respectively, formed during transient suc",SOIL
1267,"Filson, RB",Lichens of continental Antarctica,Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory,53,357-360,1982,,,Antarctica origin morphology variation,[Author concentrates on problems of the origin of the Antarctic lichen flora and the interpretation of morphological variation due to the severe climate. Much of the morphological variation observed in Antarctic lichens is due to environmental conditions,COMMUNITY
X74,"Fink, B",Contributions to a knowledge of the lichens of Minnesota. III. The rock lichens of Taylors Falls,Minnesota Botanical Studies,unknown,1-18,1898,,,,,BOOK
186,"Fisher, RF",Possible allelopathic effects of reindeer-moss (Cladonia) on Jack pine and white spruce,Forest Science,25,256-260,1979,,,allelopathy spruce pine Cladonia Cladina,"3 tables. 1 figure. [Greenhouse studies of jack pine and white spruce mulched with Cladonia rangiferina and Cladonia alpestris showed that both lichens reduced significantly the growth of the tree seedlings and 32P uptake, primarily by imparing root deve",PLANT
16362,"Fleischner, TL",Ecological costs of livestock grazing in western North America.,Conservation Biology,8(3),629-644,1994,,,,,"CONSERVE, SOIL"
X73,"Flenniken, DG",The macrolichens in West Virginia,,,231,1999,"Carlisle Printing, OH",,26 color plates.,,BOOK
634,"Fletcher, A","Marine and maritime lichens of rocky shores: their ecology, physiology and biological interactions",The Shore Environment. Volume 2: Ecosystems,,789-842,1980,"The Systematics Association Special Volume No. 17B, Academic Press, London & New York","J. H. Price, D. E. G. Irvine & W. F. Farnham (eds.)",British Isles seashore marine saxicolous ecology,[Detailed review with many references. Most of the discussion concentrates on British seashores.],COMMUNITY
4073,"Fletcher, A",Key for the identification of British marine and maritime lichens. I. Siliceous rocky shore species,Lichenologist,7,18994,1975,,,Ramalina new taxa marine maritime British Isles saxicolous key,[New: Ramalina curnowii var. stenoclada (W. CUlb.) comb. nov.,TAXON
5837,"Fletcher, A",The ecology of maritime (supralittoral) lichens on some rocky shores of Anglesey,Lichenologist,5,401-422,1973,,,community maritime distribution,,COMMUNITY
5838,"Fletcher, A",The ecology of maritime (littoral) lichens on some rocky shores of Anglesey,Lichenologist,5,368-400,1973,,,community maritime distribution,,COMMUNITY
X54,"Fogel, R, JM Trappe",Fungus consumption (mycophagy) by small animals,Northwest Science,52(1),1-31,1978,,,"mycophagy, small mammal, stomach contents, interdependence, spore dispersal",,MISC. WILDLIFE
1884,"Folkeson, L",Deterioration of the moss and lichen vegetation in a forest polluted by heavy metals,Ambio,13,37-39,1984,,,Sweden air pollution zinc copper,"3 figures. [Copper and zinc pollution in SE Sweden was studied around brass mills. ""The moss and lichen vegetation of the forest floor is markedly impoverished in the area. The ground layer, normally covering 25-90 percent of the forest floor, is reduced",METAL
3542,"Folkeson, L Andersson-Bringmark, E",Impoverishment of vegetation in a coniferous forest polluted by copper and zinc,Canadian Journal of Botany,66(3),417-428,1988,,,Cladonia pollution copper zinc Sweden,"7 tables. 4 figures. [Lichen species, primarily Cladonia and Cladina taxa, were included in the analysis of pollution near a brass foundry 150 km SW of Stockholm, Sweden. ""The most obvious reaction of the ground layer was a considerable decline in the co",METAL
13251,"Follmann, G",Estudios liquenometricos en los monumentos prehistoricos de la Isla de Pascua,Rev. Universitaria [Univ. Catolica de Chile],46,149-154,1961,,,lichenometry Easter Island archeology,3 pl. 3 tab. in spanish,MISC
4086,"Forman, RTT",Canopy lichens with blue-green algae: a nitorgen source in a Colombian rain forest,Ecology,56,1176-1184,1975,,,ecology South America Colombia rain forests nitrogen fixation epiphytes nutrients,3 figures. 2 tables.,NITRO
4087,"Forman, RTT Dowden, DL","Nitrogen fixating lichen roles from desert to alpine in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, New Mexico",The Bryologist,80,561-570,1977,,,nitrogen fixation New Mexico ecology desert alpine,1 figure. 1 table.,NITRO
5885,"Forsman, ED Meslow, EC Wight, HM",Distribution and biology of the spotted owl in Oregon,Wildlife Monographs,87,23377,1984,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
2468,"Foster, DR","Vegetation development following fire in Picea mariana (black spruce)-Pleurozium forests of south-eastern Labrador, Canada",Journal of Ecology,73,517-534,1985,,,Canada Labrador succession fire ecology,"2 plates. 8 figures. 1 table. [Several lichens are mentioned. ""Three groups of lichens--fruticose and foliose arboreal epiphytes and foliose epigaeic species--are found only in late successional forests and increase beneath or within the conifer canopy.""",COMMUNITY
8660,"Foster, JB",Life history of the phenacomys vole.,J. Mammal.,42(2),181-199,1961,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
5969,"Fox, CH",Studies of the cultrual physiology of the lichen alga Trebouxia,Physiologia Plantarum,20,251-262,1967,,,photobiont Trebouxia physiology,,CULTURE
16024,"Fox, JL","Mountain goat ecology on Cleveland Peninsula, Alaska; Addendum: dietary analyses.",Final Report to Pacific NW Forest & Range Expmt. Station,contract PNW-82-197,,1983,,,,Dietary analyses addendum only.,LARGE MAMMAL
6111,"Fox, JL Smith, CA",Winter mountain goat diets in Southeast Alaska,J. Wildl. Manage.,52(2),362-365,1988,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
5858,"Fox, JL Smith, CA Schoen, JW",Relation between mountain goats and their habitat in Southeastern Alaska,General Technical Report PNW-GTR-246,,25,1989,Pacific Northwest Research Station USDA Forest Service,,mountain goat nutrition animal,,LARGE MAMMAL
5919,"Freddy, DJ",Distribution and movements of Selkirk caribou.,Canadian Field-Naturalist,93(1),71-74,1979,,,,,REINDEER
16309,"Freeland, WJ Janzen, DH",Strategies in herbivory by mammals: the role of plant secondary compounds.,Am. Nat.,108,269-289,1974,,,,,GENERAL
16034,"Freeman, MMR",An ecological study of mobility and settlement patterns among the Belcher Island Eskimo,Arctic,20(3),154-175,1967,,,,"pp. 154, 157 only.",HUMAN NORTHWEST
8668,"French, D.H.",Ethnobotany of the pacific northwest Indians,Econ. Bot.,19(4),378-382,1965,,,,pp. 378-382,HUMAN GENERAL
3078,"Fridriksson, S",Life develops on Surtsey,Endeavour,6,100-107,1982,,,Iceland Surtsey ecology colonization,"11 figures. [General review of biotic colonization of the volcanic island of Surtsey. Several lichens are mentioned, the first ones discovered on the island in 1970, 7 years after the island's formation.]",GROWTH
X6,"Friedmann, EI",Endolithic microorganisms in the Antarctic cold desert,Science,215,1045-53,1982,,,"endolithic, substrate, antarctica",,SUBSTRATE
1889,"Friedmann, EI Ocampo-Friedmann, R",Endolithic microorganisms in extreme dry environments: analysis of a lithobiontic microbial habitat,Current Perspectives in Microbial Ecology. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Microbial Ecology,,177-185,1984,"American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C",M. J. Klug & C. A. Reddy (eds.),cryptoendolithic Antarctica environment Israel endolithic own,"5 figures. 1 table. [Review of cryptoendolithic lichens and cryptoendolithic cyanobacteria from Antarctica and their adaptations compared with similar associations in hot deserts. ""The singular adaptive achievement of the Antarctic cryptoendolithic liche",COMMUNITY
1890,"Fritz-Sheridan, RP",Impact of simulated acid rains on nitrogenase activity in Peltigera aphthosa and P. polydactyla,Lichenologist,17,27-31,1985,,,Peltigera nitrogenase acid rain own Montana,"2 figures. [""Both lichens exhibited a 50% reduction in nitrogen fixation at pH 5, 80% reduction at pH 4 and complete inhibition at pH 2. Nitrogen fixation was zero after 20 days exposure to simulated rain at pH 3 and zero after four days at pH 2."" Peltig",ACID RAIN
5294,"Fritz-Sheridan, RP Portecop, J","Nitrogen fixation on the tropical volcano, La Soufriere (Guadeloupe): 1. A survey of nitrogen fixation by blue-green algal microepiphytes and lichen endophytes",Biotropica,19(3),194-199,1987,,,Guadeloupe nitrogen fixation Cora Stereocaulon ecology West Indies cyanobacteria,1 figure. 4 tables. [Study included the lichen species Stereocaulon ramulosum and Cora pavonia.],NITRO
8173,"Froberg,L Baur,A Baur,B",Differential herbivore damage to calcicolous lichens by snails,Lichenologist,25(1),83-95,1993,,,GRAZING HERBIVORES MOLLUSCS SNAILS,2 fig. 3 tab. [A laboratory study using 35 lichen species and 4 snail species.],INVERTEBRATE
X72,"Froslie, A, G Norheim, JP Rambaek, E Steinnes","Levels of trace elements in liver from Norwegian moose, reindeer and red deer in relation to atmospheric deposition",,,,unknown,"National Veterinary Institute, Oslo",,,,GENERAL
5789,"Fry, EJ","The mechanical action of curstaceous lichens on substata of shale, schist, gneiss, limestone, and obsidian",Ann. Bot.,4 (SER. I),437-460,1927,,,soil,,SOIL
5917,"Fuller, TK Keith, LB",Woodland caribou population dynamics in northeastern Alberta,J. Wildl. Manage.,45 (1),197-213,1981,,,caribou,,REINDEER
16004,"Gaare, E",Does grazing influence growth of the reindeer lichen Cladina mitis?,Rangifer,1 (specieal issue),357-358,1986,,,,,REINDEER
16053,"Gaare, E",The Chernobyl accident: Can lichens be used to characterize a radiocesium contaminated range?,Rangifer,7(2),46-50,1987,,,,,RADIATION
16332,"Gaare, E Sorensen, A White, RG",Are rumen samples representative of the diet?,Oikos,29,390-395,1977,,,,,REINDEER
16336,"Gaare, E. Skogland, T",Wild reindeer food habits and range use at Hardangervidda.,Fennoscandian Tundra Ecosystems,,195-205,1975,"Springer-Verlag, New York",,,,REINDEER
16022,"Gabrielson, IN Lincoln, FC",The Birds of Alaska,,,,1959,"The Stackpole Company, Harrisburg, PA, & Wildlife Management Inst.",,,,BIRD
X1,"Galløe, O.",Natural history of the Danish lichens,unknown,unknown,24-25,1951,unknown,,,,MISC
8191,"Galloway,DJ",Biodiversity: a lichenological perspective,Biodiversity and Conservation,1,312-323,1992,,,BIODIVERSITY BIOMASS BIOMONITORING CLIMATE CONSERVATION FOOD CHAINS NUTRIENT CYCLING,"[General discussion of the biodiversity and ecological importance of lichens, with special reference to areas of biodiversity, lichen biomass, food chains, nutrient cycling, carbon sinks, biomonitoring, climate change, conservation, and lichen identifica",GENERAL
5302,"Galun, M",Fungus-alga relation,CRC Handbook of Lichenology. Volume I,,147-158,1988,"CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton",M. Galun (ed.),review TEM symbiosis ultrastructure haustoria,12 figures. 1 table. [Review of ultrastructural details of photobiont-mycobiont interactions including a table summarizing haustoria in lichens. Fifty-five references.],SYMBIOSIS
1896,"Galun, M Bubrick, P",Physiological interactions between partners of the lichen symbiosis,"Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series, Volume 17. Cellular Interactions",,362-401,1984,"Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg",H.-F. Linskens & J. Heslop-Harrison (eds.),symbiosis own interactions phycobiont mycobiont nitrogen metabolism algal binding protein polyols recognition review,7 tables. 11 figures. [A excellent and thorough review of cellular interactions in lichens with many references.],SYMBIOSIS
5968,"Galun, M Paran, N Ben-Shaul, Y",Structural modifications of the phycobiont in the lichen thallus,Protoplasma,69,85-96,1970,,,photobiont symbiosis morphology,,PHYS
5308,"Galun, M Ronen, R",Interactions of lichens and pollutants,CRC Handbook of Lichenology. Volume III,,55-72,1988,"CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton",M. Galun (ed.),air pollution pollutants physiology mapping uptake heavy metals,"5 tables. 3 figures. [Review of lichen interactions with pollutants including SO2, heavy metals, radionuclides, and others. Discussion includes notes on ecosystem alteration and mapping, transplants, morphological and cytological changes, and metabolic a",AIR
655,"Galvan, J Rodriguez, C Ascaso, C",The pedogenic action of lichens in metamorphic rocks,Pedobiologia,21,60-73,1981,,,pedogenesis saxicolous weathering Parmelia Lasallia Ramalina ecology,"9 figures. 4 tables. [""However, it has been possible to determine that the lichen species studied, so far, are able to form gels between thalli and rocks, that micaceous minerals are the most often retained under the thallus and that there is a direct re",SOIL
657,"Gardner, CR Mueller, DMJ",Factors affecting the toxicity of several lichen acids: effect of pH and lichen acid concentration,American Journal of Botany,68,87-95,1981,,,allelopathy chemistry Funaria germination spores pH bryophytes,"6 figures. 4 tables. [Studies on 8 lichen acids on the germination and sporeling growth of Funaria hygrometrica. ""The order of relative toxicity for lichen acids is different, depending on the pH and concentration at which they are tested and depending o",COMPOUND
2478,"Garty, J",The amounts of heavy metals in some lichens of the Negev Desert,"Environmental Pollution, Series B",10,287-300,1985,,,heavy metals Israel Squamarina Teloschistes Ramalina Diploschistes Caloplaca desert ecology Negev,"1 figure. 11 tables. [Analyses of amounts of Mn, Cr, Pb, Zn, Cu and Ni in Squamarina crassa, Teloschistes lacunosus, Ramalina maciformis, Diploschistes streppicus and Caloplaca ehrenbergii from Israel. ""Measuring the heavy metal content of desert lichens",METAL
3097,"Garty, J Ammann, K","The amounts of Ni, Cr, Zn, Pb, Cu, Fe and Mn in some lichens growing in Switzerland",Environmental and Experimental Botany,27,127-138,1987,,,heavy metals air pollution macrolichens Switzerland,"7 tables. [Study of seven macrolichen species. ""By the use of intersite, interelement, and interspecies comparisons, it is concluded that some metals within the thalli of Swiss lichens may reach high levels even when these plants are growing in rural and",METAL
213,"Garty, J Galun, M Kessel, M",Localization of heavy metals and other elements accumulated in the lichen thallus,New Phytologist,82,159-168,1979,,,Caloplaca heavy metals accumulation SEM TEM,"10 plates. 2 tables. [Study on Caloplaca aurantia, using SEM, TEM, and enery dispersive x-ray analyses, showed extracellular deposition of particulate fall-out accumulated in the lichen.]",METAL
5786,"Gerson, U",Lichen-arthropod associations,Lichenologist,5,434-443,1973,,,arthropod association,,INVERTEBRATE
4109,"Gerson, U Seaward, MRD",Lichen-invertebrate associations,Lichen Ecology,,69-119,1977,"Academic Press, London",M. R. D. Seaward (ed.),animals invertebrates ecology food review,3 figures. 9 tables. [Detailed review article from diverse sources.],INVERTEBRATE
2485,"Gilbert, OL","Environmental effects of airborne fluorides from aluminium smelting at Invergordon, Scotland 1971-1983","Environmental Pollution, Series A",39,293-302,1985,,,fluorides air pollution aluminum Scotland epiphytes,"1 figure. [""A zone of severe injury to epiphytic lichens developed which coincided closely with the area over which damaging fluorosis to livestock occurred. The environment started to recover very soon after the factory closed.""]",AIR
4114,"Gilbert, OL",Lichen conservation in Britain,Lichen Ecology,,415-436,1977,"Academic Press, London",M. R. D. Seaward (ed.),conservation British Isles endangered ecology,3 figures. 3 tables.,CONSERVE
4116,"Gilbert, OL",A lichen-arthropod community,Lichenologist,8,96,1976,,,animals arthropods community ecology,,INVERTEBRATE
6042,"Gilbert, OL",Lichens and air pollution,The Lichens,,443-472,1973,"Academic Press, NY and London","Ahamadjian, V Hale, ME",air pollution,,AIR
6521,"Gilbert, OL",A successful transplant operation involving Lobaria Amplissima,Lichenologist,23 (1),73-76,1991,,,,,CONSERVE
16360,"Gilbert, OL",Lichen reinvasion with declining air pollution. in: Bryophytes and Lichens in a Changing Environment,,,158-177,1992,"Clarendon Press, Oxford","Bates,JW/Farmer,AM (eds.)",BOREAL FORESTS DECOMPOSITION HERBIVORY LICHEN PARASITES MIRES NITROGEN FIXATION NUTRIENT CYCLING NUTRIENT RELEASE POLAR STRATEGIES SUCCESSION TEMPERATE FORESTS TROPICAL FORESTS TUNDRA,4 fig. 2 tab. ,AIR
6549,"Gillesberg, A-M Carey, AB",Arboreal nests of Phenacomys longicaudus in Oregon.,J. Mammal.,72(4),784-787,1991,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
5984,"Gilmore, MR",Uses of plants by Indians,Eth. Ann.,33,,1977,,,ethnobotany human uses dye,,HUMAN
8612,"Gilmore, MR",Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region,,,,1977,"Univ. of Nebraska Press, Lincoln",,,pp. 10-11 only.,HUMAN EAST NORTH AMERICAN PLAINS
5808,"Gilpatrick, N",The secret life of Beatrix Potter,Natural History,OCTOBER,"38-41, 88-92",1972,,,history Beatrix Potter,,HISTORY
5972,"Giudici de Nicola, M di Benedetto, G",Ricerche preliminari sui pigmenti nel ficobionte lichenico Trebouxia decolorans Ahm. III. Clorofille e carotenoidi,Boll. Ist. Univ. Catania,3,22-33,1962?,,,photobiont Trebouxia carotene chlorophyll,,PHYS
5970,"Giudici de Nicola, M Tomaselli, R",Ricerche preliminari sui pigmenti nel ficosimbionte lichenico Trebouxia decolorans Ahm. II. Clorofille,Boll. Ist. Univ. Catania,2,29-34,1961,,,photobiont Trebouxia chlorophyll,,PHYS
5971,"Giudici de Nicola, M Tomaselli, R",Ricerche preliminari sui pigmenti nel ficosimbionte lichenico Trebouxia decolorans Ahm. I. Carotenoidi,Boll. Ist. Univ. Catania,2,22-28,1961,,,photobiont Trebouxia carotene,,PHYS
8652,"Glover, G.A.",Winter activities of wild turkey in West Virginia,J. Wld. Mgt.,12(4),420-,1948,,,,,BIRD
5991,"Godbole, SR",Glossary of Vegetable Durgs in Vagbhata,,,,,"Indian Drug Research Assoc., Poona",,human uses medicine India,pp. 154-155 only.,HUMAN GENERAL
16050,"Godin, J.",Wild Mammals of New England,,,,1977,Johns Hopkins University Press,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
17829,"Gonzalez-Tejero,MR Martinez-Lirola,MJ Casares-Porcel,M Molero-Mesa,J",Three lichens used in popular medicine in eastern Andalucia (Spain),Economic Botany,49(1),96-98,1995,,,FOLK MEDICINE MEDICINE SPAIN,"[Notes on Ramalina bourgeana (decoction used as a diuretic), Xanthoria parietina subsp. ectanea (various decoctions used to treat menstrual complaints, for kidney disorders, as an analgesic, and as a component of a cough syup), and Pseudevernia furfurace",HUMAN EUROPE
17007,"Gottesfeld, LMJ",Notes on Gitksan lichen use,none,,,1995,,,,"typewritten page, 5 comments",HUMAN NORTHWEST
6232,"Gough, LP Jackson, LL Sacklin, JA","Determining baseline element composition of lichens. II. Hypogymnia enteromorpha and Usnea spp. at Redwood National Park, California","Water, Air and Soil Pollution",38,169-180,1988,,,Usnea Hypogymnia heavy metals Redwood National Park California air pollution,"2 tables. 2 figures. [""Therefore, except for Ba and Co, no large geographical element-concentration trends were observed.""]",AIR
6233,"Gough, LP Severson, RC Jackson, LL","Determining baseline element composition of lichens. I. Parmelia sulcata at Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota","Water, Air, and Soil Pollution",38(1-2),157-167,1988,,,Theodore Roosevelt National Park North Dakota Parmelia element composition heavy metals air pollution,"1 figure. 4 tables. [No instances of elemental phytotoxic conditions were found; however, P. sulcata apparently possesses large concentrations of Ba, Cu, Fe, Pb, C, V, and possibly Zn.""]",AIR
16073,"Govett, J.",Long-tailed tits apparently eating lichen.,British Birds,80(4),169,1987,,,,,BIRD
X20,Goward T,Apology for lichens,BC Naturalist,26(2),11-12,1988,,,,,CONSERVE
5813,"Goward, T",Witches' hair and old man's beard,Nature Canada,SPRING,39-45,1986,,,human uses general,,GENERAL
X100,"Goward, T",Living antiquities,Nature Canada,Summer 1994,14-21. ,1994,,,CANADA/ BRITISH COLUMBIA/ OLD-GROWTH FOREST ,,GENERAL
X103,"Goward, T",Nephroma occultum and the maintenance of lichen diversity in British Columbia,In:Conservation Biology of Lichenised Fungi,,pp. 93-101,1995,"Mitteilungen der Eidgenössischen Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft, Birmensdorf, Switzerland","Scheidegger, C/Wolseley, PA/Thor, G",BRITISH COLUMBIA/ CANADA/ CLIMATE/ CONSERVATION/ DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS/ FORESTS/ NEPHROMA/ OLD GROWTH FORESTS ,"Field studies of 145 different aged forest sites has resulted in recognition of three macroclimatic ""range classes"" for this species",CONSERVE
X104,"Goward, T","Notes on oldgrowth-dependent epiphytic macrolichens in inland British Columbia, Canada",Acta Botanica Fennica,150,31-38,1994,,,BRITISH COLUMBIA/ EPIPHYTIC/ MACROLICHENS/ OLD GROWTH FORESTS ,"ersity appears to be positively correlated with forest age or, more precisely, with environmental continuity",CONSERVE
16195,"Goward,T Diederich,P Rosentreter,R",Notes on the lichens and allied fungi of British columbia. II,The Bryologist,97(1),56-62,1994,,,BRITISH COLUMBIA LICHENICOLOUS NORTH AMERICA,"[Reports 46 lichens and lichenicolous fungi new to British Columbia. New to Canada: Agonimia tristicula, Catapyrenium daedaleum, Cladonia luteoalba, Collema auriforme, Dactylospora lobariella, Fulgensia desertorum, Massalongia microphylliza, Pannaria ahl",LIST
4127,"Gradstein, SR",The vanishing tropical rain forest as an environment for bryophytes and lichens. in: Bryophytes and Lichens in a Changing Environment,,,235-,1992,"Clarendon Press, Oxford","Bates,JW/Farmer,AM (eds.)",BOREAL FORESTS DECOMPOSITION HERBIVORY LICHEN PARASITES MIRES NITROGEN FIXATION NUTRIENT CYCLING NUTRIENT RELEASE POLAR STRATEGIES SUCCESSION TEMPERATE FORESTS TROPICAL FORESTS TUNDRA,4 fig. 2 tab. ,TROPICS
5981,"Grae, D",Nature's Colors: Dyes from Plants,,,,1974,"Macmillan Publishing Co., New York",,dye,,HUMAN DYE
9010,"Graham, FK",Plant Lore of an Alaskan Island,,,,1985,Alaska Northwest Publishing Co.,,,pp. 166-167 only.,HUMAN GENERAL
16032,"Graham, KF",Plant Lore of an Alaskan Island,,,,1985,Alaska Northwest Publishing Co.,,,pp. 166-167 only.,HUMAN NORTHWEST
6530,"Green, TGA Lange, OL",Ecophysiological adaptations of the lichen genera Pseudocyphellaria and Sticta to south temperate rainforests,Lichenologist,23 (3),267-282,1991,,,,,PHYS
5967,"Green, TGA Smith, DC",Lichen physiology. XIV. Differences between lichen algae in symbiosis and in isolation,New Phytologist,73,753-766,1974,,,photobiont symbiosis,,SYMBIOSIS
4125,"Green, TGA Snelgar, WP",Parmelia scabrosa on glass in New Zealand,Lichenologist,9,170-172,1977,,,glass New Zealand Parmelia ecology habitat,1 plate.,SUBSTRATE
5856,"Gressitt, JL",Symbiosis runs wild on the backs of high-living weevils,Smithsonian Magazine,7 (11),"135-136, 138-140",1977,,,invertebrates Gymnopholus symbiosis New Guinea popular,Illustrated. [The lichens that grow on Gymnopholus lichenifer in New Guinea. Popular article.],INVERTEBRATE
677,"Grier, C Ballard, TM","Biomass, nutrient distribution, and net production in alpine communities of the Kluane Mountains, Yukon Territory, Canada",Canadian Journal of Botany,59,2635-2649,1981,,,Canada Yukon alpine production nutrient biomass,"3 tables. 2 figures. [Total lichen cover, organic matter contribution, and nutrient contents (N, P, Ca, Mg, K) are listed for several alpine plant communities.]",BIOMASS
X69,"Grigson, G",A Herbal of All Sorts,,,,,"Phoenix House, London",,,pp. 42-43 only.,HUMAN GENERAL
8674,"Grinell, GB",Some Cheyenne plant medicines,Amer. Anth.,n.s. 7,37-43,1905,,,,pp. 42-43 only.,HUMAN EAST NORTH AMERICAN PLAINS
8977,"Grondin. AE Johansen, JR",Microbial spatial heterogeneity in microbiotic crusts in Colorado Nat'L Monument,Great Basin Naturalist,53(1),24-30,1993,,,,,SOIL
5336,"Gunther, AJ",Nitrogen fixation by lichens in subarctic Alaskan watershed,The Bryologist,92(2),202-208,1989,,,Alaska nitrogen fixation biomass nitrogenase enzymes,"5 tables. [""Even in this ecosystem remote from anthropogenic influences, the contribution of fixed nitrogen by lichens is less than that from precipitation and an order of magnitude below nitrogen fixed by Alnus trees, implying that the watershed level l",NITRO
8676,"Gunther, E, JR Janish",Ethnobotany of Western Washington,,,,1945,"Univ. of Washington Press, Seattle, WA",,,p. 50 only.,HUMAN GENERAL
1314,"Gunther, PM Horn, BS Babb, GD",Small mammal populations and food selection in relation to timber harvest practices in the western Cascade Mountains,Northwest Science,57,32-44,1983,,,fire Alectoria rodents animals mammals food diet,"4 tables. 4 figures. [""In unbruned clearcuts, fungi and epiphytic lichens, especially Alectoria sarmentosa, and conifer seeds were the major food eaten by rodents.""]",SMALL MAMMAL
16366,"Hale, ME",Lichens as Bioindicators and Monitors of Air Pollution,,,42,1981,"USDA Forest Service, Draft Report, contract # OM RFP R2-81-SP35",,,,AIR
1328,"Hale, ME"", Jr",The Biology of Lichens,,,190,1983,"Third Edition. Edward Arnold, London",,textbook general,"Many figures and tables. [An extensive revision of this popular and useful text on lichens. Includes a bibliography of 286 references to the lichen literature since 1974. Available in the United States from University Park Press, 300 N. Charles St., Balt",
4932,"Hallbauer, DK",The plant origin of the Witwatersrand 'carbon',"Minerals, Sci. & Engineering",7,111-131,1975,,,minerals gold South Africa Precambrian fossils,"36 fig. (12 in color). [Precambrian lichens, especially, ""played a role in the concentration fo gold that, partly due to biological processes, preserved the internal structure of those plants"" in South Africa.]",MISC
4150,"Hallbauer, DK Jahns, HM",Attack of lichens on quartzitic rock surfaces,Lichenologist,9,119-122,1977,,,saxicolous ecology weathering quartzitic,5 figures.,SOIL
5798,"Hallbom, L Bergman, B",Influence of certain herbicides and a forest fertilizer on the nitrogen fixation by the lichen Peltigera praetextata,Oecologia (Berlin),40,19-27,1979,,,herbicide fertilizer nitrogen,,TOXIC
6520,"Halonen, P Hyvarinen, M Kauppi, P",The epiphytic lichen flora on conifers in relation to climate in the Finnish middle boreal subzone,Lichenologist,23 (1),61-72,1991,,,,,COMMUNITY
6119,"Hamada, N",Environmental factors affecting the content of Usnic Acid in the lichen mycobiont of Ramalina siliquosa,The Bryologist,94(1),57-59,1991,,,,,COMPOUND
5348,"Hammer, S",Cladonia carneola: two new localities in western North America,The Bryologist,92(1),126-127,1989,,,California Cladonia distribution,[Cladonia carneola is reported for the first time from coastal California.],TAXON
5850,"Hammer, S",Sex and taxonomy in Cladonia,Newsletter of the Friends of the Farlow,17,,1990,,,taxonomy Cladonia morphology,,TAXON
8658,"Hanley, T.A.",Relationships between Sitka black-tailed deer and their habitat,USDA Forest Service GTR PNW-168,,21,1984,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
5859,"Hanley, TA McKendrick, JD","Seasonal changes in chemical compositon and nutritive value of native forages in a spruce-hemlock forest, Southeastern Alaska",Research Paper PNW-312,,41,1983,Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station USDA Forest Service,,forage Lobaria Usnea,,LARGE MAMMAL
5860,"Hanley, TA McKendrick, JD","Potential nutritional limitations for black-tailed deer in a spruce-hemlock forest, Southeastern Alaska.",J. Wildl. Manage.,49 (1),103-114,1985,,,animal deer,,LARGE MAMMAL
5862,"Hanley, TA Robbins, CT Spalinger, DE",Forest habitats and the nutritional ecology of Sitka black-tailed deer: a research synthesis with implications for forest management,General Technical Report,,52,1989,Pacific Northwest Research Station USDA Forest Service,,animal deer,,LARGE MAMMAL
5857,"Hanley, TA Spalinger, DE Hanley, DA Schoen, JW",Relationships between fecal and rumen analyses for deer diet assessments in Southeastern Alaska.,Northwest Science,59 (1),38276,1985,,,deer animal,,LARGE MAMMAL
8654,"Hansell, M.",Secondhand silk,Natural History,May,41-46,1993,,,,,BIRD
X124,"Hansell, MH",The function of lichen flakes and white spider cocoons on the outer surface of birds' nests,Journal of Natural History,30,303-311,1996,,,,,BIRD
6065,"Hansen, RM",Foods of the hoary marmot on Kenai Peninsula.,Amer. Midland Nat.,79,348-353,1975,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
6556,"Hanson, HC",Importance and development of the reindeer industry in Alaska,J. Range Manage.,5(4),243-251,1952,,,,,REINDEER
4157,"Hanson, WC",Fallout radionuclides in Alaskan food chains,Amer. Jour. Veterinary Res.,27,359-366,1966,,,radionuclides isotopes fallout Alaska,4 figures. 2 tables. [Includes lichens.],RADIATION
5908,"Hanson, WC Whicker, FW Lipscomb, JF",Lichen forage ingestion rates of free-roaming caribou estimated with fallout caesium-137.,Proceedings of the First International Reindeer and Caribou Symposium,,71-79,1975,Biological Papers of the University of Alaska,"Luick, JR Lent, PC Klein, DR White, RG",,,REINDEER
6538,"Harmon, WH",Notes on mountain goats in the black hills,J. Mammal.,25,149-151,1944,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
686,"Harney, T",Living inside rocks: a study of lichen and algae,Smithsonian Institution Research Reports,32,38113,1981,,,cryptoendolithic Antarctic saxicolous,"2 unnumbered figures. [Brief general account of lichens found inside rocks in the Transatlantic Mountains of Antarctica, an area previously through to be without life.]",SUBSTRATE
18061,"Harper, F.",Plant and animal associations in the interior of the Ungava Peninsula.,"Univ. of Kansas Publs., Mus. Nat. Hist.",,,1964,,,,,ANIMAL
6571,"Harper, KT Marble, JR",A role for nonvascular plants in management of arid and semiarid rangelands.,Vegetation Science Applications for Rangeland Analysis and Management,,135-169,1988,Kluwer Academic Publishers,"Tueller, PT",,,SOIL
8981,"Harper, KT Pendleton, RL",Cyanobacteria and cyanolichens: can they enhance availability of essential minerals for higher plants?,Great Basin Naturalist,53(1),59-72,1993,,,,,ANIMAL
5866,"Harper, SH Letcher, RM","Chemistry of lichen constituents. Part I. Some constituents of Acarospora schleicheri, Buellia rhodesiaca, Caloplaca cinnabarium, Dermatiscum thunbergii, Parmelia kilatata, Parmelia grossewileri, Pertusaria species (L 19), Temnospora fulgens and Usnea im",Proc. Trans. Rhodesian Sci. Assoc.,51,158-184,1966,,,substances,,COMPOUND
5840,"Harris, GP",The ecology of corticolous lichens. II The relationship between physiology and the environment,J. of Ecology,59,441-452,1971,,,physiology light water relations,,PHYS
6635,"Harris,RC",Some Florida Lichens,,,109,1990,"Publ. by the Author, Bronx, N.Y.",,FLORIDA,,
19412,"Hart, JA",The ethnobotany of the northern Cheyenne indians of Montana,Journal of Ethnopharmacology,4,1-55,1981,,,,"pp. 3, 47 only.",HUMAN EAST NORTH AMERICAN PLAINS
8157,"Hart, RH Bissio, J Samuel, MJ Waggoner, JR","Grazing systems, pasture size, and cattle grazing behavior, distribution and gains.",J. Range Manage.,46,81-87,1993,,,,,SOIL
16072,"Hartley, I.R.",House sparrows eating lichen,British Birds,82(10),447-448,1989,,,,,BIRD
3588,"Hawksworth, DL","The variety of fungal-algal symbioses, their evolutionary significance, and the nature of lichens",Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society,96(1),38066,1988,,,symbiosis evolution ascomycetes new taxa Pyrenocollema,"18 figures. 1 table. [""Lichen associations appear to be very ancient and a study of the fungi in them is important to an understanding of ascomycete evolution."" Author proposes a new definition of a lichen: ""A lichen is a stable self-supporting associati",SYMBIOSIS
4172,"Hawksworth, DL",A bibliographic guide to the lichen floras of the world,Lichen Ecology,,437-502,1977,"Academic Press, London",M. R. D. Seaward (ed.),bibliography floras keys,[Many references.],BIBLIO
5356,"Hawksworth, DL",The fungal partner,CRC Handbook of Lichenology. Volume I,,35-38,1988,"CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton",M. Galun (ed.),review mycobiont,1 table. [Brief review of the various divisions of fungi which participate in the lichen symbiosis and other lichen-like associations.],SYMBIOSIS
5358,"Hawksworth, DL","Conidiomata, conidiogenesis, and conidia",CRC Handbook of Lichenology. Volume I,,181-193,1988,"CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton",M. Galun (ed.),conidia conidiomata conidiogenesis mycobiont review,8 figures. 1 table. [Review with 57 references of various types of conidiomata and related structures in lichens.],MORPH
6268,"Hawksworth, DL","Linnaeus, the first report of lichenophagy in psychid moths, and the identity of Lichen candelarius",Lichenologist,23(1),92,1991,,,moths invertebrates lichenophagy Linnaeus,[Insect evidence supports the application of the name to the current usage for Xanthoria candelaria (L.) Th. Fr.],INVERTEBRATE
9626,"Hawksworth, DL",Literature on air pollution and lichens I,Lichenologist,6,122-125,1974,,,air pollution literature air pollution bibliography,[Annotated bilbiography of 40 references.],BIBLIO
1363,"Hawksworth, DL Lawton, RM Martin, PG Stanley-Price, K",Nutritive value of Ramalina duriaei grazed by gazelles in Oman,Lichenolgoist,16,93-94,1984,,,Oman food vertebrates nutrition,1 table. [A first report of grazing by gazelles. Protein content of the lichen was 7.4% but digestible carbohydrate content was 28.7%.],LARGE MAMMAL
5366,"Hawksworth, DL McManus, PM","Lichen recolonization in London under conditions of rapidly falling sulphur dioxide levels, and the concept of zone skipping",Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society,100(2),99-109,1989,,,London air pollution recolonization acid rain ecology British Isles,"3 tables. 3 figures. [""Species returning are those to be expected on the basis of previously-published field correlations with mean winter SO2 levels. Twenty-five species not seen within 16 km of the centre of London on trees or wood during this century ",AIR
6637,"Hawksworth,DL",Coevolution of fungi with algae and cyanobacteria in lichen symbioses,Coevolution of Fungi with Plants and Animals,,125-148,1988,"Academic Press, London, San Diego","Pirozynski,KA/Hawksworth,DL (eds.)",ALGAE ASEXUAL PROPAGULES COEVOLUTION CYANOBACTERIA HAUSTORIA LONGEVITY MUTUALISM NICHE SEXUAL STRATEGIES,3 fig. 1 tab. ,SYMBIOSIS
17699,"Hawksworth,DL",The recent evolution of lichenology: a science for our times,Cryptogamic Botany,4(2),117-129,1994,,,BIODIVERSITY COEVOLUTION LICHENOLOGY REVIEW SYMBIOSIS SYSTEMATICS,,HISTORY
16283,Hayes,"Seasonal variation in mycophagy by the western red-backed vole, Clethrionomys californicus in southwest Oregon.",Northwest Science,60(4),250-257,1986,,,"vole, mycophagy, fecal, rhizopogon",,SMALL MAMMAL
X48,Hays H,The vole that soared,Natural History Magazine,,,1984,,,"vole, long island, great gull",no lichens in text; picture of vole eating Cladonia sp.,SMALL MAMMAL
6543,"Hayward, G",Nest boxes: windows into the trophic dynamics of forest owls,unpubl.,,,,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
8158,"Hayward, GD Hayward, PH",Boreal Owl,The Birds of North America,63,38006,1993,American Ornithologists' Union,Alan Poole,,,BIRD
16020,"Hayward, GD Rosentreter, R",Lichens as nesting material for northern flying squirrels in the northern Rocky Mountains.,J. Mammal.,75(3),663-673,1994,,,,,"ANIMAL, SMALL MAMMAL"
X98,"Hayward, GD/ Rosentreter, R",Lichens as nesting material for northern flying squirrels in the northern Rocky Mountains,Journal of Mammalogy,75(3),663-673. ,1994,,,ANIMALS/ BRYORIA/ EPIPHYTES/ FLYING SQUIRREL/ NEST MATERIALS/ SQUIRREL ,"Fifteen species of arboreal lichens were indentified in 159 nest samples, with three species of Bryoria dominating",SMALL MAMMAL
10055,"Hebert, DM",Wildlife-forestry planning in the coastal forests of Vancouver Island.,"Sitka Black-Tailed Deer: Proceedings of a Conference in Juneau, Alaska",,133-159,1979,USDA Forest Service,O.C. Wallmo and J.W. Schoen,,,LARGE MAMMAL
7485,"Heinrich, B",Kinglets' Realm of Cold,Natural History,102(2),38086,1993,Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,,,,BIRD
6544,"Heinrichs, J",The winged snail darter,J. Forestry,81(4),212-215,1983,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
16060,"Helle, P Helle, T",Arboreal lichens as a resource in winter ecology of mammals and birds.,Aquilo. Series Zoologica,24,59-64,1989,,,,,ANIMAL
5985,"Heller, C",Wild Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska,,,72-74,1971,,,human uses food,pp. 73-75 only.,HUMAN GENERAL
8611,"Hellson JC, M Gadd",Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians,"National Museum of Man Mercury Series, Canadian Ethnology Service",19,,1974,,,,"pp. 76, 113 only",HUMAN
8611,"Hellson JC, M Gadd",Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians,"National Museum of Man Mercury Series, Canadian Ethnology Service",19,,1974,,,,"pp. 76, 113 only",HUMAN EAST NORTH AMERICAN PLAINS
16017,"Hemming, JE Pegau, RE",Caribou Report,,XI,15342,1970,"Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game, Juneau, AK",,,,REINDEER
2536,"Henderson, A Hackett, DJ",Lichen and algal camouflage and dispersal in the psocid nymph Trichadenothecnum fasciatum,Lichenologist,18,199-200,1986,,,invertebrates animals camouflage British Isles dispersal ecology,1 figure. [Observations near Leeds show camouflage material from several corticolous lichens species.],INVERTEBRATE
12676,"Hendrickson, JR Weber, WA",Lichens on Galapagos giant tortoises,Science,144(3635),1463,1964,,,animals Galapagos Islands Ecuador giant tortoises Physcia Dirinaria,"[Physcia picta (Sw.) Nyl. found on the carapace of Geochelone elephantropus (Harlan) is ""believed to be the first reported occurrence of lichens on land animals.""]",ANIMAL
708,"Henriksson, E Pearson, LC",Nitrogen fixation rate and chlorophyll content of the lichen Peltigera canina exposed to sulfur dioxide,American Journal of Botany,68,680-684,1981,,,Peltigera nitrogen fixation SO2 air pollution phycobiont chlorophyll,"3 tables. 1 figure. [""This study has demonstrated that gaseous sulfur dioxide inhibits activities of vital importance to the phycobiont of Peltigera canina. Such inhibition likely interferes with the balance between the algal and fungal partners of the l",NITRO
16094,"Henry, GHR Gunn, A",Recovery of tundra vegetation after overgrazing by caribou in arctic Canada,Arctic,44(1),38-42,1991,,,,,REINDEER
6281,"Henssen, A Titze, A","Auriculora byssomorpha, a tropical lichen with a remarkable developmental morphology",Botanica Acta,103,131-139,1990,,,Auriculora morphology ontogeny Brazil,"32 figures (6 in color). [""The ontogeny of the apothecia is characterized by the repeated formation of new hymenia within the subhymenial layer.  The development of the first hymenium is gymnocarpous but the de novo differentiation of new hymenia, each b",MORPH
18026,"Hesbacher,S Baur,B Baur,A Proksch,P",Sequestration of lichen compounds by three species of terrestrial snail,Journal of Chemical Ecology,21(2),233-246,1995,,,ANTIHERBIVORE PROTECTION FOOD SOURCE GRAZING HERBIVORY INVERTEBRATES SNAILS,"4 fig. 2 tab. [Study of three species of snail which graze on various saxicolous lichens. ""The lichen compounds detected in the soft bodies of the snail species analyzed included the anthraquinone parietin, the depside atranorin, as well as a presumable ",INVERTEBRATE
18048,"Hesbacher,S. Giez, I. Embacher, G. Fiedler, K. Max, W. Trawoger, A. Turk, R. Lange, O. Proksch, P.",Sequestration of lichen compounds by lichen-feeding members of the Arctiidae (Lepidoptera).,Journal of Chemical Ecology,21(12),2079-2089,1995,,,,,INVERTEBRATE
X55,"Hibbs, LD",Food habits of the mountain goat in Colorado,Journal of Mammalogy,48(2),242-248,1967,,,"oreamnos, mountain goat, colorado, food habit, ",,MISC. WILDLIFE
8231,"Hickey,BJ Lumsden,AJ Cole,ALJ Walker,JRL","Antibiotic compounds from New Zealand plants: methyl haematommate, an anti-fungal agent from Stereocaulon ramulosum",New Zealand Natural Sciences,17,49-53,1990,,,ANTIBIOTIC DERMATOPHYTES MEDICINES,"1 tab. [""This compound showed marked antibiotic acitivity against dermatophytic fungi: treated cells showed gross morpholgoical changes and marked differences in their pattern of sterol metabolism.""]",HUMAN PHARMACEUTICAL
731,"Hickmott, M",Lichens on lead,Lichenologist,12,404-406,1980,,,lead British Isles saxicolous growth,[Several species are now known to be able to survive on lead; observations made in England.],SUBSTRATE
734,"Hill, DJ",The growth of lichens with special references to the modelling of circular thalli,Lichenologist,13,265-287,1981,,,growth models crustose foliose,"[""Lichen growth is reviewed in the context of the anatomy of the growth region, thallus morphology of crustose and foliose lichens, phytosynthesis, mathematical models and their application. The Aplin & Hill model is suggested as a basis for more detaile",GROWTH
5942,"Hill, DJ Ahmadjian, V",Relationship between carbohydrate movement and the symbiosis in lichens with green algae,Planta,103,267-277,1972,,,physiology symbiosis carbohydrate,,SYMBIOSIS
5941,"Hill, DJ Smith, DC","Lichen physiology. XII. The ""inhibition technique""",New Phytologist,71,15-30,1972,,,physiology symbiosis carbohydrate,,PHYS
5955,"Hill, DJ Woolhouse, HW",Aspects of the autecology of Xanthoria parietina agg.,Lichenologist,3,207-214,1966,,,taxonomy Xanthoria,,TAXON
8394,"Hinds,JW Hinds,PL",The lichen genus Xanthoria in Maine,Maine Naturalist,1(1),38002,1993,,,MAINE XANTHORIA,"6 fig. 6 maps [Provides a key and descriptions for six species of Xanthoria, with a distribution map and a color photograph for each species.]",TAXON
X33,"Hisamatsu S, Takizawa Y, Abe T",Fallout Pu in the Japanese diet,Health Physics,51(4),479-87,1986,,,"radiation, diet, japan, algae",first page only,RADIATION
6118,"Hjeljord, O",Mountain goat forage and habitat preference in Alaska.,J. Wildl. Manage.,37(3),353-362,1973,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
5897,"Hodgman, TP Bowyer, RT","Winter use of arboreal lichens, Ascomycetes, by white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, in Maine",Canadian Field-Naturalist,99 (3),313-316,1985,,,deer,,LARGE MAMMAL
16015,"Hoefs, M",Productivity and carrying capacity of a subarctic sheep winter range.,Arctic,37(2),141-147,1984,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
4945,"Hoffman, GR","The influence of a paper pulp mill on the ecological distribution of epiphytic cryptogams in the vicinity of Lewiston, Idaho and Clarkson, Washington",Environmen. Pollut.,7,283-301,1974,,,air pollution Idaho Washington epiphytes ecology,4 fig. 3 tab.,AIR
5871,"Hoffman, GR",The accumulation of cesium-137 by cryptogams in a Liriodendron tilipifera forest,Bot. Gaz.,133,107-119,1972,,,radiation,,RADIATION
4204,"Holleman, DF Luick, JR",Lichen species preference by reindeer,Canad. Jour. Zool.,55,1368-1369,1977,,,,,REINDEER
5780,"Holleman, DF Luick, JR White, RG",Lichen intake estimates for reindeer and caribou during winter,J. Wildl. Manage/,43 (1),192-201,1979,,,caribou reindeer intake,,REINDEER
16038,"Holleman, DF, RG White, JR Luick, RO Stephenson",Energy flow through the lichen-caribou-wolf food chain during winter in northern Alaska.,Proc. 2nd Int. Reindeer/Caribou Symp.,Part A,202-206,1980,,,,,REINDEER
7488,"Holloway, PS Alexander, G","Ethnobotany of the Fort Yukon Region, Alaska",Econ. Bot.,44(2),214-225,1990,,,,p. 223 only.,HUMAN NORTHWEST
6091,"Holm, E Rioseco, J",99Tc in the sub-arctic food chain lichen-reindeer-man,J. Environ. Radioactivity,5,343-357,1987,,,,p. 343 only.,GENERAL
16047,"Hone, E",The Present Status of the Muskox in Arctic North America and Greenland,Special Publication of the American Committee for International Wild Life Protection,5,,1934,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
740,"Honegger, R",The ascus apex in lichenized fungi II. The Rhizocarpon-type,Lichenologist,12,157-172,1980,,,TEM ascus morphology Rhizocarpon Lecanorales own bitunicate,"8 figures. [The Rhizocarpon ascus differs from all other types in the Lecanorales. ""It is bitunicate, opening with a slight 'Jack-in-the-box' mechanism."" The Rhizocarpon-type ascus is considered to be the most archaic type in the Lecanorales.]",MORPH
1396,"Honegger, R",Cytological aspects of the triple symbiosis in Peltigera aphthosa,Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory,52,379-391,1982,,,cytology ultrastructure Peltigera symbiosis metabolism review,"20 figures. [Author concludes that further investigations are needed to ""... correlate the data on metabolite exchange with ultrastructural features, and second, to elucidate the still poorly understood phenomena related to recognition and specificity in",SYMBIOSIS
2556,"Honegger, R",Fine structure of different types of symbiotic relationships in lichens,Lichen Physiology and Cell Biology,,287-302,1985,"Plenum Press, New York and London",D. H. Brown (ed.),symbiosis TEM ultrastructure SEM Peltigera Coccomyxa Trebouxia Cladonia Parmelia carbohydrate transfer,"10 figures. [SEM observations and interpretation of symbiotic relationships concentrating on the Peltigera-Nostoc, Peltigera-Coccomyxa, and the lecanoralean-trebouxioid associations. Author also reviews the translocation of water and photosynthates betwe",SYMBIOSIS
7131,"Honegger,R",Fungal evolution: symbiosis and morphogenesis,Symbiosis as a Source of Evolutionary Innovation,,319-340,1991,"The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts","Margulis,L/Fester,R (eds.)",EVOLUTION MORPHOGENESIS SYMBIOSIS,20 fig. [Review of lichen morphogenesis.],EVOL
742,"Hooker, TN",Lobe growth and marginal zonation in crustose lichens,Lichenologist,12,313-323,1980,,,growth Xanthoria Buellia Caloplaca marginal zonation,"11 figures. [Study demonstrates lobe engulfment process in Xanthoria elegans and other growth characteristics. In addition, work with two Buellia species and a Caloplaca show that ""... peripheral concentric zonation does not always correspond to a single",GROWTH
6540,"Hosley, NW Ziebarth, RK",Some winter relations of the white-tailed deer to the forests in north central Massachusetts,Ecology,16,535-553,1935,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
17000,"Houghton, PJ, J Manby",Medicinal plants of the Mapuche,Journal of Ethnopharmacology,13,89-103,1985,,,,,HUMAN LATIN AMERICA
X13,"Howe, RH Jr.",The nomenclature of the genus Usnea,Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club,41,373-79,1914,,,"usnea, taxonomy, synopsis",six plates,TAXON
5852,"Hu, S-y Kong, YC But, PPH",An Enumeration of the Chinese Materia Medica,,,,1980,"The Chinese University Press, Hong Kong",,human medicine,"pp. 32, 59, 101, 102, 112, 118 only.",HUMAN
750,"Huss-Danell, K",The cephalodia and their nitrogenase activity in the lichen Stereocaulon paschale,Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenphysiologie,95,431-440,1979,,,Stereocaulon nitrogenase nitrogen fixation cephalodia,"6 figure. 1 table. [""There was always a reduction in nitrogenase activity when cephalodia were quantitatively excised from the thallus and on average 59% of the activity was retained in the excised cephalodia."" No activity changes were noted when the con",NITRO
5800,"Huss-Danell, K",Nitrogen fixation by Stereocaulon paschale under field conditions,Canad. J. Bot.,55,585-592,1977,,,nitrogen,,NITRO
15695,"Hustich, I",The lichen woodlands in Labrador and their importance as winter pastures for domesticated reindeer,Acta Geogr. [Helsingfors],12(1),17533,1951,,,Labrador Canada reindeer pastures conservation food,4 tab. 18 fig.,REINDEER
7482,"Hyvarinen, M Halonen, P Kauppi, M",Influence of Stand Age and Structure on the Epiphetic Lichen Vegetation in the Middle-Boreal Forests of Finland,Lichenologist,24(2),165-180,1992,,,,,COMMUNITY
1411,"Ingemansson, T Erlandsson, B Mattsson, S",Studies of activation products in the terrestrial environments of three Swedish nuclear power stations,"Environmental Pollution, Series B",5,17-33,1983,,,pollution cobalt heavy metals Sweden nuclear power isotope Cladonia,"3 tables. 5 figures. [Cladonia alpestris is included in the study. ""These studies have shown that the 60Co activity concentration increases substantially with the first rain runoff that reaches the sewage plant, and then falls off rapidly.""]",RADIATION
5396,"Innes, JL",The use of lichens in dating,CRC Handbook of Lichenology. Volume III,,75-91,1988,"CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton",M. Galun (ed.),lichenometry growth dating,"4 tables. 6 figures. [Review with 94 references of lichenometric techniques. ""Lichenometry provides a possible means of obtaining a date for a surface. It is by no means universally applicable. Provided that the technique is applied correctly and with ca",GROWTH
X27,Irvine FR,Bibliography of wild food plants of United States Indians,,,,1959,Smithsonian Institution,"Royal Botanic Gardens, Surrey","bibliography, indian, food",bibliography only,BIBLIO
5788,"Jackson, TA Deller, WD","A comparative study of the role of lichens and ""inorganic"" processes in the chemical weathering of recent Hawaiian lava flows",American J. Science,269,446-466,1970,,,weathering soil lava,,SOIL
18043,"Jahns, H.M.",Growth of lichen thalli.,Bot. J. Linn. Soc.,96,21-29,1988,,,,,MORPH
1425,"Jahns, HM",The cyclic development of mosses and the lichen Baeomyces rufus in an ecosystem,Lichenologist,14,261-265,1982,,,Baeomyces development ecology succession,"11 figures. [""The cushions of different mosses are supplanted by the lichen. After a lifespan of about 3 years the lichen dies off and the location is repossessed by mosses. The vegetative reproduction of the lichen is adapted to this ecological cycle.""]",PLANT
3179,"Jahns, HM",New trends in developmental morphology of the thallus,Progress and Problems in Lichenology in the Eighties,,17-33,1987,"Bibliotheca Lichenologica No. 25. J. Cramer, Berlin-Stuttgart",E. Peveling (ed.),developmental morphology Solorina Cladonia SEM,"35 figures. [Discussion of vegetative reproduction, water relations and interspecific fusions. Illustrations are taken from work on Solorina and Cladonia.]",MORPH
3605,"Jahns, HM","The establishment, individuality and growth of lichen thalli",Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society,96(1),21-29,1988,,,growth establishment development morphology,"[""Aspects of lichen morphology, for example the relation between the bionts, are discussed together with principle ways of scientific interpretation. The importance of single observations is explained. A system of standard steps of development is propose",GROWTH
5405,"Jahns, HM",The lichen thallus,CRC Handbook of Lichenology. Volume I,,95-143,1988,"CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton",M. Galun (ed.),morphology SEM anatomy review,145 figures. [Detailed review of the morphology of lichen thalli illustrated with many SEM photographs and line drawings. Major sections of the review include The Significance of the Lichen Thallus; Principles of Functional Morphology; Phylogeny of the L,MORPH
4231,"James, PW Henssen, A",The morphological and taxonomic significance of cephalodia,Lichenology: Progress and Problems,,27-77,1976,"Academic Press, London","D. H. Brown, D. L. Hawksworth & R. H. Bailey (eds.)",cephalodia chimeras morphology anatomy,9 plates. 5 figures. 2 tables.,MORPH
5872,"Jaworowski, Z",Temporal and geographical distribution of radium D (lead 210),Nature,212,886-889,1966,,,radiation,,RADIATION
5406,"Jenks, JA Leslie, DM Jr.",Effect of lichen and in vitro methodology on digestibility of winter deer diets in Maine.,Canadian Field-Naturalist,102(2),216-220,1988,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
9679,"Jochimsen, M",Does the size of lichen thalli really constitute a valid measure for dating glacial deposits?,Arctic Alpine Res.,5,417-424,1973,,,glacial deposits lichenometry techniques,[No.],GROWTH
6528,"John, E Dale, MRT",Determinants of spatial pattern in saxicolous lichen communities,Lichenologist,23 (3),227-236,1991,,,,,COMMUNITY
5409,"John, EA",An assessment of the role of biotic interactions and dynamic processes in the organization of species in a saxicolous lichen community,Canadian Journal of Botany,67(7),2025-2037,1989,,,Canada Alberta Jasper National Park saxicolous community ecology nearest neighbor analysis succession microhabitats,"4 figures. 10 tables. [Study conducted in Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada. ""The nearest-neighbour analysis reveals fundamental differences in the way crustose and foliose thalli sample their environment; crustose lichens are more likely to have unc",COMMUNITY
X56,"Johnson, DR",The food habits of rodents on rangelands of southern Idaho,Ecology,42(2),407-409,1961,,,"food habits, rodents, idaho, seasonal dieet, stomach contents",,MISC. WILDLIFE
5904,"Johnson, RL",Mountain Goats and Mountain Sheep of Washington,Washington State Game Dept. Biological Bulletin,18,,1983,,,mountain goat sheep animal,p. 35 only.,LARGE MAMMAL
5832,"Johnston, A",Blackfoot Indian utilization of the northwestern Great Plains,Econ. Bot.,24,301-323,1970,,,ethnobotany human uses,"pp. 304-305, 322-324 only.",HUMAN EAST NORTH AMERICAN PLAINS
5410,"Jones, D",Lichens and pedogenesis,CRC Handbook of Lichenology. Volume III,,109-124,1988,"CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton",M. Galun (ed.),pedogenesis soil formation weathering oxalic acid accumulation,"4 figures. [Review of the involvement of lichens in weathering processes. Discussion topics include: Role of Lichen Acids in Biogeochemical Weathering, Role of Oxalic Acid in Biogeochemical Weathering, Plant Succession, Nutrient Accumulation, and Soil De",SOIL
1437,"Jones, D Wilson, MJ McHardy, WJ",Lichen weathering of rock-forming minerals: application of scanning electron microscopy and microprobe analysis,Journal of Microscopy,124,95-104,1981,,,weathering SEM saxicolous mineral structure microprobe analysis,"6 figures. [""A variety of phenomena can be recognized, namely, etching patterns, decomposition features, and secondary products which can be related rto differences in mineral structure and composition.""]",SOIL
762,"Jones, D Wilson, MJ Tait, JM",Weathering of a basalt by Pertusaria corallina,Lichenologist,12,277-289,1980,,,Pertusaria weathering basalt saxicolous labradorite SEM oxalic,"6 figures. [Detailed study using SEM and other techniques. ""Lichen weathering results in extensive etching of the primary rock-forming minerals, particularly labradorite, and in the degredation of the clay minerals to yield a thin ochreous crust of poorl",SOIL
6814,"Jones,CG Shachak,M",Fertilization of the desert soil by rock-eating snails,Nature,346,839-841,1990,,,DESERTS ENDOLITHIC LICHENIVORY NITROGEN SNAILS,2 fig. 1 tab. [Faecal material from snails which ingest limestone rock and endolithic lichens provides an important source of soil nitrogen in the Central Negev Highlands of Israel.],INVERTEBRATE
5863,"Jordan, WP",The internal cephalodia of the genus Lobaria,The Bryologyist,73,669-681,1970,,,cephalodia morphology,,MORPH
5948,"Jordan, WP","Edrudia, and new genus from California (Lichenes: Teloschistace)",Bryologist,83,64-67,1980,,,Edrudia Teloschistaceae,,TAXON
18955,"Juichang,R Freedman,B Coles,C Zwicker,B Hlzbecker,J Chatt,A",Vanadium contamination of lichens and tree foliage in the vicinity of three oil-fired power plants in eastern Canada,Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association,45,461-464,1995,,,AIR POLLUTION CANADA POWER PLANTS VANADIUM,1 fig. 2 tab. ,AIR
4249,"Kallio, S Kallio, P","Nitrogen fixation in lichens at Kevo, North-Finland","Fennoscandian Tundra Ecosystems, Part 1. Plants and Microorganisms",,292-304,1975,"Springer-Verlag, New York",F. E. Wielgolaski (ed.),nitrogen fixation tundra Fennoscandia Finland,5 figures. 3 tables.,NITRO
5779,"Kallio, S Wilkinson, RE",The effects of some herbicides on nitrogenase activity and carbon fixation in two subarctic lichens,Bot. Gaz.,138 (4),468-473,1977,,,herbicide nitrogenase carbon fixation,,TOXIC
1448,"Kappen, L",Lichen oases in hot and cold deserts,Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory,53,325-330,1982,,,desert adaptation ecology review niche,"1 table. 2 figures. [General review concluding that ""... adaptation of lichens to arid environments means in all cases the occupation of a certain ecological niche which is a kind of oasis.""]",COMMUNITY
5425,"Kappen, L",Ecophysiological relationships in different climatic regions,CRC Handbook of Lichenology. Volume II,,37-100,1988,"CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton",M. Galun (ed.),ecophysiology geography photosynthesis adaptations review,"12 tables. 44 figures. [Exhaustive review of ecophysiological topics relating to lichens with special emphasis on non-temperate regions. Article includes a bibliography of 267 references. Major subdivisions of the chapter include: Wet Forest Habitat, Sem",PHYS
5848,"Kappen, L Rogers, RW",Lichens of arid regions,J. Hattori Bot. Lab,53,305-307,1982,,,desert community,,COMMUNITY
17704,"Kappen,L","The lichen, a mutualistic system - some mainly ecophysiological aspects",Cryptogamic Botany,4(2),193-202,1994,,,ENERGY FLUX INTERACTIONS MYCOBIONT-PHOTOBIONT INTERACTIONS NUTRIENT EXCHANGE SYMBIOSIS TROPHIC CLASSES,"5 fig. 2 tab. [Review article, considering the biology and interactions of the bionts in lichens, and the arguments regarding mutualism vs parasitism in the lichen association.]",SYMBIOSIS
6308,"Karnefelt, I",Evidence of a slow evolutionary change in the speciation of lichens,Contributions to Lichenology in Honour of A. Henssen,,291-306,1990,"Bibliotheca Lichenologica. No. 38. J. Cramer, Berlin-Stuttgart",H. M. Jahns (ed.),evolution Teloschistaceae Caloplaca continental drift,"8 figures. [Study of seven major disjunct populations in the Southern Hemisphere and the evolutionary implications of these patterns of distribution.  ""Much evidence speaks for a theory that the isolated populations could have been established after the ",EVOL
5853,"Kauppi, M",The exploitation of Cladonia stellaris in Finland,Lichenologist,11 (1),85-89,1979,,,human Cladina,,HUMAN EUROPE
5867,"Kauranen, P Miettinen, JK",210Po and 210Pb in the arctic food chain and the natural radiation exposure of Lapps,Health Physics,16,287-295,1969,,,radiation food chain Lapps reindeer,,RADIATION
5987,"Kavasch, B",Native Harvests: Recipes and Botanicals of the North American Indians,,,,1979,,,ethnobotany human uses food,recipe for Cetraria islandica,HUMAN GENERAL
5996,"Kawagoe, S",The market fungi of Japan,Br. Mycol. Soc. Trans.,10,201-206,1925,,,human uses Japan food,p. 206 only,HUMAN ASIA
X57,"Keith, JO",The Alberta squirrel and its dependence on ponderosa pine,Ecology,46(1-2),150-163,1965,,,"albert squirrel, ponderosa pine, range, nest, gestation",,MISC. WILDLIFE
6565,"Kelsall, JP",The Migratory Barren-Ground Caribou of Canada,,,340,1968,Canadian Wildlife Service,,,,REINDEER
1453,"Kershaw, KA",The thermal operating-environment of a lichen,Lichenologist,15,191-207,1983,,,thermal environment temperature physiology photosynthesis,"10 figures. [""It is concluded that the thermal environment of a lichen largely interacts physiologically with the thermal tolerance limits of the dry thallus on one hand and the temperature optimum of net photosynthesis on the other.""]",PHYS
2602,"Kershaw, KA",Physiological Ecology of Lichens,,,293,1985,"Cambridge University Press, Cambridge",,physiology ecology own water relations photosynthesis respiration nitrogen fixation review,174 figures. 7 tables. [Detailed review of physiological ecology with the following chapter headings: (1) The Lichen Environment: Temperature (2) The Lichen Environment: Moisture (3) The Lichen Environment: Ionic Criteria (4) Nitrogen Fixation in Lichens,NITRO
4961,"Kershaw, KA",Studies on lichen-dominated systems. XII. The ecological significance of thallus color,Canad. Jour. Bot.,53,660-667,1975,,,color morphology ecology adaptation,7 fig.,PHYS
5841,"Kershaw, KA",The role of lichens in boreal tundra transition areas,The Bryologist,8 (12),294-306,1978,,,boreal tundra community,,COMMUNITY
5873,"Kershaw, KA",Physiological Ecology of Lichens. Ch. 2. The lichen environment: moisture.,,,30-59,1985,"Cambridge University Press, Cambridge",,water relations physiology,174 figures. 7 tables. [Detailed review of physiological ecology with the following chapter headings: (1) The Lichen Environment: Temperature (2) T