BIBLIO.NO,AUTHOR,TITLE,JOURNAL,VOLUME,PAGES,YEAR,PUBLISHER,EDITOR,KEYWORD,ABSTRACT,STORAGE
17830,"Aagnes,TH Sormo,W Mathiesen,SD","Ruminal microbial digestion in free-living, in captive lichen-fed, and in starved reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in winter",Applied and Environmental Microbiology,61(2),583-591,1995,,,DIGESTIBILITY GRAZING HERBIVORY REINDEER,2 fig. 5 tab. ,REINDEER
8938,"Abbonus, P","De Venenis of Petrus Abbonus, trans. HM Brown, in: Annals of the History of Medicine",,VI(1),,1924,,,,"2 pages on plant extracts, one paragrraph on ""Usnea""; might be Letharia.",HUMAN GENERAL
X9,"Aber JD, Melillo JM, Nadelhoffer KJ, Pastor J, Boone RD",Factors controlling nitrogen cycling and nitrogen saturation in northern temperate forest ecosystems,ecological applications,1(3),303-315,1991,,,"wisconsin, nutrient dynamics, nitrogen cycling, computer model, decomposition, northern temperate forest, primary productivity",,NITRO
488,"Addison, PA Puckett, KJ",Deposition of atmospheric pollutants as measured by lichen element content in the Athabasca oil sands area,Canadian Journal of Botany,58,2323-2334,1980,,,Canada vanadium air pollution metals titanium aluminum potassium sulfur,"5 figures. 3 tables. [The accumulation of aluminum, potassium, sulphur, titanium and vanadium in three lichens species ""... was related to both gaseous and particulate emissions from industrial sources and to a localized windblown dust component. Visible",AIR
247,"Ahmadjian, V",Separation and artiificial synthesis of lichens,Cellular Interactions in Symbiosis and Parasitism,,38075,1980,"Ohio State University Press, Columbus","C. B. Cook, P. W. Pappas & E. D. Rudolph (eds.)",synthesis mycobiont phycobiont growth,14 figures. 3 tables. [Review including new information from the author's research laboratory.],SYMBIOSIS
489,"Ahmadjian, V",The nature of lichens,Natural History,91,30-37,1982,,,popular symbiosis controlled parasitism growth,8 unnumbered figures. [Semi-popular article discussing the nature of the symbiotic relationship in lichens and some of the results of culture experiments in the author's laboratory. Concludes that lichens are best considered a controlled parasitism.],GENERAL
1094,"Ahmadjian, V",Algal/fungal symbioses,Progress in Phycological Research. Volume 1,,179-233,1982,"Elsevier Biomedical Press, B.V., Amsterdam",F. C. Round & D. J. Chapman (eds.),symbiosis phycobiont review,28 figures. 4 tables. [Detailed review with many references including information from the author's laboratory.],SYMBIOSIS
3445,"Ahmadjian, V",Coevolution in lichens,Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,503,307-315,1987,,,coevolution evolution,"[General review of aspects of the lichen symbiosis. ""These phenomena plus the absence of free-living populations of most lichen fungi and photobionts indicate that lichen symbionts have undergone long periods of coevolution.""]",EVOL
5121,"Ahmadjian, V",The lichen alga Trebouxia: does it occur free-living?,Plant Systematics and Evolution,158(2-4),243-247,1988,,,Trebouxia Pleurastrum evolution phycobionts algae,"1 figure. [""Recent evidence indicates that the most common photobiont of lichens, Trebouxia, has evolved from the soil alga Pleurastrum terrestre. The few Trebouxia cells that have been seen in unlichenized condition probably were released from asexual p",SYMBIOSIS
5881,"Ahmadjian, V",The lichen symbiosis: its origin and evoluition,Evolutionary Biology,4,163-184,1970,,,symbiosis evolution physiology,,SYMBIOSIS
5883,"Ahmadjian, V",Lichen algae,Phycologia,6,127-160,1964,,,photobiont,,PHYS
5975,"Ahmadjian, V",The fungi of lichens,Sci. Am.,FEBRUARY,123-,1963,,,symbiosis mycobiont culture phycobiont recombination,,SYMBIOSIS
490,"Ahmadjian, V Jacobs, JB",Relationship between fungus and alga in the lichen Cladonia cristatella Tuck,Nature,289,169-172,1981,,,symbiosis Cladonia mycobiont synthesis controlled parasitism co-evolution,"3 figures. 2 tables. [""As we report here, our observations of artificial syntheses of the mycobiont Cladonia cristatella ('British soldiers') with different algae suggest that the relationship in this lichen is one of controlled parasitism. The mycobiont",SYMBIOSIS
1095,"Ahmadjian, V Jacobs, JB",Artificial reestablishment of lichens. III. Synthetic development of Usnea strigosa,Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory,52,393-399,1982,,,synthesis development Usnea Pseudotrebouxia mycobiont phycobiont,"8 figures. [Reports results of synthesis experiments with the mycobiont of Usnea strigosa and several species of algae. ""The mycobiont fully lichenized only with Pseudotrebouxia usneae."" Details of the developmental process are outlined.]",PHYS
6007,"Ahmadjian, V Nilsson, S",Swedish lichens,Yearbook (American Swedish Historical Foundation),,,1963,,,human uses Sweden,,HUMAN EUROPE
1731,"Ahmadjian, Vernon Jacobs, Jerome B","Algal-fungal relationships in lichens: recognition, synthesis, and development",Algal Symbiosis,,147-172,1983,"Cambridge University Press, Cambridge",L. J. Goff (ed.),algae own symbiosis synthesis controlled parasitism Cladonia cristatella azenic culture,16 figures. [Authors review the evidence of controlled parasitism in Cladonia cristatella synthesis cultureswith SEM and TEM documentation. Alternate wet-dry cycles are not necessary for development and the synthetic lichens produced the same secondary c,SYMBIOSIS
6557,"Ahti, T",Studies on the caribou lichen stands of Newfoundland,Annales Botanici Societatis Zoologicae Botanicae Fennicae 'Vanamo',30(4),16072,1959,,,,,REINDEER
6023,"Ahti, T Hepburn, RL","Preliminary studies on woodland caribou range, especially on lichen stands in Ontario.",Research Report (Wildlife) No. 74,,134,1967,Ontario Dept. of Lands and Forests,,,,REINDEER
5126,"Airaksinen, MM Peura, P Ala-Fossi-Salokangas, L Antere, S Lukkarinen, J Saikkonen, M Stenback, F",Toxicity of plant material used as emergency food during famines in Finland,Journal of Ethnopharmacology,18,273-296,1986,,,food Finland Cetraria islandica Cladina pettu,"2 tables. 2 figures. [Effects of ""pettu"" (pine bark), lichens (Cetraria islandica, Cladonia sp.) and water plants were studied for toxicity on mice and rats after traditional pretreatments. ""As 50% w/w mixture in normal food none of them were tolerated b",HUMAN EUROPE
16277,"Aldous, SE Smith, CF",Food habits of Minnesota deer as determined by stomach analysis.,Trans. N. Amer. Wildl. Conf.,,757,1938,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
10069,"Alexander, V Schell, DM","Seasonal and spatial variation of nitrogen fixation in the Barrow, Alaska, tundra",Arctic Alpine Res.,5,77-88,1973,,,tundra arctic Alaska Peltigera nitrogen fixation seasonal variation ecophysiology,4 figures. 8 tables. [Includes data on Peltigera.],NITRO
3451,"Alvarez, I Guzman-Davalos, L Guzman, G",Liquenes su distribucion e importancia en Jalisco,"Tiempos de Ciencia, Revista de Difusion Cientifica de la Universidad de Guadalajara",12,35-38,,,,Mexico Jalisco,"12 color photographs. [A brief article about important lichens from the State of Jalisco, Mexico.]",GENERAL
9442,"Antifeau, T",Winter habitats of mountain caribou in the North Thompson,Caribou Research and Management in British Columbia; Proceedings of a Workshop,,54-57,1985,"B.C. Ministry of Forests, Publ. WHR-27",Rick Page,,,REINDEER
7489,"Antunez de Mayolo, KK",Peruvian Natural Dye Plants,Econ. Bot.,43(2),181-191,1989,,,,,HUMAN LATIN AMERICA
22,"Aplin, PS Hill, DJ",Growth analysis of circular lichen thalli,Journal of Theoretical Biology,78,347-363,1979,,,growth foliose carbohydrate movement technique,"4 figures. 1 table. [A new model for foliose and placodioid growth is develped and tested. ""A method is described for the calculation of the values of two constants, alpha and beta, which may be determined by the extent of lateral movement of carbohydrat",GROWTH
1112,"Arafat, NM Glooschenko, WA",The use of bog vegetation as an indicator of atmospheric decomposition of arsenic in northern Ontario,"Environmental Pollution, Series B",4,85-90,1982,,,Canada Ontario arsenic accumulation bogs pollution,"2 figures. [Lichens and mosses were found to be ""... more efficient scavengers of As than low shrubs."" Some lichens in the Sudbury area had a 20X increase in As levels.]",METAL
271,"Armstrong, RA",Growth and regeneration of lichen thalli with central portions artificially removed,Environmental and Experimental Botany,19,175-178,1979,,,growth Parmelia Xanthoparmelia,"1 figure. 1 table. [""The 12-month radial growth of Parmelia conspersa thalli with isidia or apothecia was not influenced by removal of the thalli centres."" Apparently fixed carbon for radial growth is generated in the perimeter and not transported from t",GROWTH
1114,"Armstrong, RA","Field experiments on the dispersal, establishment and colonization of lichens on a slate rock surface",Environmental and Experimental Botany,21,115-120,1981,,,saxicolous Parmelia Buellia dispersal slate Wales British Isles colonization,"3 figures. 2 tables. [Colonization on a vertical slate rock surface was studied over a six year period in Wales. ""At the end of the experiment relatively few thalli of Parmelia conspersa, Parmelia glabratula ssp. fuliginosa and Buellia aethalea had estab",GROWTH
3841,"Armstrong, RA",Studies on the growth rates of lichens,Lichenology: Progress and Problems,,309-322,1976,"Academic Press, London","D. H. Brown, D. L. Hawksworth & R. H. Bailey (eds.)",growth rates physiology ecology,5 figures.,GROWTH
3842,"Armstrong, RA",The influence of the frequency of wetting and drying on the radial growth of three saxicolous lichens in the field,New Phytologist,77,719-724,1976,,,saxicolous growth ecology water relations,3 figures.,GROWTH
5153,"Armstrong, RA","Substrate colonization, growth, and competition",CRC Handbook of Lichenology. Volume II,,38062,1988,"CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton",M. Galun (ed.),review growth competition colonization dispersal ecology,"11 figures. 1 table. [Review article with 63 references. Author concludes with six suggestions for future experimental research relating to dispersal, propagule attachment, early growth interactions, causes of lichen death, experimental designs for study",
5865,"Armstrong, RA",Growth phases in the life of a lichen thallus,New Phytologist,73,913-918,1974,,,growth,,GROWTH
5947,"Armstrong, RA",The response of lichen growth to transplantation to rock surfaces of different aspect,New Phytologist,78,473-478,1977,,,transplantation aspect,,GROWTH
6148,"Armstrong, RA","Dispersal, establishment and survival of soredia and fragments of the lichen, Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl.",New Phytologist,114(2),239-245,1990,,,Hypogymnia soredia dispersal survival colonization corticolous,"5 tables. 3 figures. [Study near Seattle, Washington.  ""It is likely that colonization of the tree by H. physodes occurs largely by soredia.  Colonization appears to be limited more by the range of dispersal over the tree than by differential survival ov",GROWTH
7630,"Armstrong,WP",On green boulders and rusty trees,Pacific Discovery,45(3),38154,1992,,,,7 color photos [Popular article.],HUMAN GENERAL
8795,"Arnason, T Hebda, RJ Johns, T",Use of plants for food and medicine by native peoples of eastern Canada,Can. J. Bot.,59(11),2189-2325,1981,,,,,HUMAN EAST NORTH AMERICAN PLAINS
X70,"Arndt, KL, RH Sackett, JA Ketz","A cultural resource overview of the Tongass National Forest, Alaska. Part 1: overview",,,293-329,1987,"USDA Forest Service, Tongass National Forest",,,bibliography only.,BIBLIO
3846,"Ascaso, C Galvan, J",Studies on the pedogenic action of lichen acids,Pedobiologia,16,321-331,1976,,,pedogenesis saxicolous weathering ecology chemistry,"6 figures. 5 tables. [""... lichenic compounds are able, under laboratory conditions, to alter rocks and minerals at the structural level and to give origin to new minerals.""]",SOIL
3847,"Ascaso, C Galvan, J Ortega, C","The pedogenic action of Parmelia conspersa, Rhizocarpon geographicum and Umbilicaria pustulata",Lichenologist,8,151-171,1976,,,Parmelia Rhizocarpon pedogenesis weathering ecology,5 figures. 4 plates. 8 tables.,SOIL
X46,Associated Press,East Idaho antelope survive on lichen,Idaho Statesman,,,1992,,,"antelope, idaho, blm",news clipping.,LARGE MAMMAL
3458,"Atsatt, PR","Are vascular plants ""inside-out"" lichens?",Ecology,69(1),17-23,1988,,,symbiosis endophytes fungal genetics vascular plants,"1 figure. [A look at fungal endophytes and genetics of these associations with vascular plants, red algae and others. ""In this essay, I will argue that vascular plants may in fact be lichenlike chimeras that have genetically internalized their fungal par",EVOL
2914,"Bacci, E Calamari, D Gaggi, C Fanelli, R Focardi, S Morosini, M",Chlorinated hydrocarbons in lichen and moss samples from the Antarctic Peninsula,Chemosphere,15,747-754,1986,,,chlorinated hydrocarbons Antarctica pollution,"1 table. 2 figures. [""These preliminary results confirm that in the Antarctic Peninsula chlorinated hydrocarbon residues are present in measurable concentrations in biological materials.""]",AIR
1124,"Bailey, C Larson, DW",Water quality and pH effects on Umbilicaria mammulata (Ach.) Tuck,The Bryologist,85,431-437,1982,,,Umbilicaria pH water relations ecology saxicolous,"4 figures. 3 tables. [""These results suggest that the duration and frequency of precipitation is of far greater consequence to this plant in the field than is the pH or water quality of the rain itself.""]",WATER
8653,"Bailey, R.W. Rinell, K.T.",Events in the turkey year,Wild Turkey and its Management,,,1967,,Hewitt,,,BIRD
3868,"Bailey, RH",Ecological aspects of dispersal and establishment in lichens,Lichenology: Progress and Problems,,215-247,1976,"Academic Press, London","D. H. Brown, D. L. Hawksworth & R. H. Bailey (eds.)",dispersal establishment ecology reproduction review,2 figures. 2 tables.,GROWTH
10761,"Bailey, RH",Animals and the dispersal of soredia form Lecanora conizaeoides Nyl. ex Cromb.,Lichenologist,4,256,1970,,,animals dispersal soredia Lecanora conizaeoides ecology,,INVERTEBRATE
51,"Bailey, RH James, PW",Birds and the dispersal of lichen propagules,Lichenologist,11,105-106,1979,,,birds dispersal soredia propagules own,1 table. [Several species of birds were found to have thallus fragments or clusters of soredia attached to their feet.],ANIMAL
294,"Bailey, RH James, PW",Birds and dispersal of lichen propagules,Lichenologist,11,105-106,1979,,,birds dispersal soredia propagules own,1 table. [Several species of birds were found to have thallus fragments or clusters of soredia attached to their feet.],BIRD
5879,"Baker, A","The effects of air pollution on the lichens of Moss Landing, CA",unpublished student paper,,,1991,,,air,,AIR
X26,Balls EK,Early uses of California plants,,,,1962,UC Press,,"bibliography,plants, california",bibliography only,BIBLIO
3464,"Baltzo, DE","Lichens of Mount Diablo State Park, Contra Costa County, California",Mycotaxon,34,37-46,1989,,,California Mount Diablo State Park,"1 figure. [Author reports 140 species in 55 genera. ""Most abundant are Parmeliaceae, which include nine genera and 24 species.""]",TAXON
6066,"Banfield, AWF",The Mammals of Canada,,,"193, 388",1974,"National Museum of Canada, Ottawa",,,"pp. 105-106, 120-122, 145-146, 191-193, 415.",SMALL MAMMAL
13809,"Banfield, AWF Tener, JS",A preliminary study of the Ungava caribou,Jour. Mammal.,39(4),560-573,1958,,,caribou Canada fire ecology pastures food,3 tab. [Many excellent lichen pastures have been destroyed by fire.],REINDEER
16051,"Bangs, EE","Summer food habits of voles, Clethrionomys rutilus and Microtus pennsylvanicus on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska.",Canad. Field-Naturalist,98(4),489-492,1984,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
6101,"Bargagli, R Barghigiani, C","Lichen biomonitoring of mercury emission and deposition in mining, geothermal, and volcanic areas of Italy",Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,16 (3),265,1991,,,,,METAL
18044,"Barrett, J.A.",Host-parasite interactions and systematics.,Coevolution and Systematics (Systematics Assoc. Special Vol. No. 32),ch. 1,38003,1986,Clarendon Press,A.R. Stone and D.L. Hawksworth,,,SYMBIOSIS
17013,"Barriga, HG",Flora Medicinal de Columbia,,,,1992,Tercer Mundo Editores,,,,HUMAN LATIN AMERICA
17001,"Bastien, JW",Pharmacopeia of Qollahuya Andeans,Journal of Ethnopharmacology,8,97-111,1983,,,,,HUMAN LATIN AMERICA
13819,"Baumann, BB",The botanical aspects of ancient Egyptian embalming and burial,Econ. Bot.,14(1),84-104,1960,,,embalming history Egypt Pseudevernia furfuracea mummies medicine,4 fig. 1 tab. [Parmelia furfuracea was used to pack the body cavity of mummies.],HUMAN AFRICA
17011,"Beaglehole, E; P. Beaglehole",Hopi of the Second Mesa: a note on Hopi sorcery,Mem. Am. Anth. Assoc.,44,5-25,1935,,,,pp. 5-6 only.,HUMAN SOUTHWEST
X52,"Beale, DM, GW Scotter",Seasonal forage use by pronghorn antelope in western Utah,Utah Science,,,1968,,,"pronghorn antelope, food habit, fawn production, forage",,MISC. WILDLIFE
300,"Becker, VE",Nitrogen fixing lichens in forests of the Southern Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina,The Bryologist,83,29-39,1980,,,nitrogen fixation Appalachian Mountains Lobaria phycobiont production biomass North Carolina,"6 tables. 2 figures. [""The bark of Aesculus octandra Marshal was the optimum habitat, particularly for the dominants Lobaria quercizans Michx. and Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. Lichen biomass in the gray beech forest commonly ranged from 7 to 9 kg ha-1 ",NITRO
3878,"Becker, VE Reeder, J Stetler, R",Biomass and habitat of nitrogen-fixing lichen in an oak forest in the North Carolina Piedmont,The Bryologist,80,93-99,1977,,,biomass nitrogen fixation North Carolina ecology,1 figure. 4 tables.,NITRO
5945,"Bednar, TW Smith, DC",Studies in the physiology of lichens. VI. Preliminary studies of the photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism of the lichen Xanthoria aureola,New Phytologist,65,211-220,1966,,,physiology carbohydrate,,SYMBIOSIS
16281,"Behnert, R",Striking a balance between timber production and maintaining deer habitat.,"Sitka Black-Tailed Deer: Proceedings of a Conference in Juneau, Alaska",,230-231,1979,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
5169,"Bellemere, A Letrouit-Galinou, MA","Asci, ascospores, and ascomata",CRC Handbook of Lichenology. Volume I,,161-179,1988,"CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton",M. Galun (ed.),asci ascospores ascocarps ascomata morphology review,"10 figures. [Review including topics entitled Origin of Asci; Ascus Development: An Example, Caloplaca marina; Variations in Ascus Development; Ascoma Development: Two Examples; and Comparative Remarks and Conclusion. Sixty-three references.]",MORPH
7496,"Belnap, J","Effects of air pollutants on cold-desert cyanobacterial-lichen crusts and rock lichens: chlorophyll degradation, electrolyte leakage and notrogenase activity.",Proc. 1990 EPA/A & WMA International Symposium,,661-667,1990,"Raleigh, North Carolina",,,,AIR
7497,"Belnap, J",Microbiotic crusts: their role in past and present ecosystems,Park Science,10(3),38050,1990,"US Dept of Interior, National Park Service",,,,SOIL
8978,"Belnap, J Gardner, JS",Soil microstructure in soils of the Colorado Platau: the role of the cyanobacterium Microcoleus vaginatus,Great Basin Naturalist,53(1),40-47,1993,,,,,SOIL
6113,"Belnap, J Harper, KT",Effects of a coal-fired power plant on the rock lichen Rhizoplaca melanophthalma: chlorophyll degradation and electrolyte leakage,The Bryologist,93(3),309-312,1990,,,,,AIR
18034,"Belnap,J",Recovery rates of cryptobiotic crusts: inoculant use and assessment methods,Great Basin Naturalist,53(1),89-95,1993,,,CRYPTOBIOTIC RECOVERY SOIL CRUSTS SOIL STABILIZATION,"4 tab. [Study of soil plots scalped of cryptobiotic crusts, using inoculation with surrounding crust material to enhance recovery rates.]",SOIL
18078,"Belnap,J Harper,KT Warren,SD","Surface disturbance of cryptobiotic soil crusts: nitrogenase activity, chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll degradation",Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation,8,37994,1994,,,CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT CRYPTOBIOTIC CRUSTS NITROGEN FIXATION NITROGENASE NUTRIENT CYCLING RANGELAND SOILS SOIL CRUST RECOVERY SOIL CRUSTS,"4 fig. [Study in Utah. ""This study demonstrates that recovery time for nitrogenase activity is much longer than for chlorophyll levels and that nitrogenase activity is still greatly suppressed 9 months after the disturbance.""]",SOIL
6116,"Benedict, JB",Winter frost injury to lichens--Colorado Front Range,The Bryologist,93(4),423-426,1990,,,,,PHYS
X18,Benzing DH,Effects of epiphytes on associated vegetation,,,,,Cambridge University Press,,"biology, succession, nutrition",,COMMUNITY
5845,"Berge, H",Plants as indicators of air pollution,Toxicology,1,79-89,1973,,,air bioindicator,,AIR
16068,"Bergerud, A.T. Russel, L.",Evaluation of rumen food analysis for Newfoundland caribou.,J. Wildl. Manage.,28,808-814,1964,,,,,REINDEER
5781,"Bergerud, AT",Abundance of forage on the winter range of Newfoundland caribou,Canad. Field. Nat.,85,39-52,1971,,,forage caribou Newfoundland Canada animals vertebrates,[Much on lichens.],REINDEER
5918,"Bergerud, AT",Food habits of Newfoundland Caribou.,J. Wildl. Manage.,36(3),913-923,1972,,,,,ANIMAL
5918,"Bergerud, AT",Food habits of Newfoundland Caribou.,J. Wildl. Manage.,36(3),913-923,1972,,,,,REINDEER
6555,"Bergerud, AT",Decline of caribou in North America following settlement,J. Wildl. Manage.,38(4),757-770,1974,,,,,REINDEER
16274,"Bergerud, AT",Caribou declines in central and southern British Columbia,Caribou Research and Management in British Columbia; Proceedings of a Workshop,,201-225,1985,"B.C. Ministry of Forests, Publ. WHR-27",Rick Page,,,REINDEER
16316,"Bergerud, AT",Relative abundance of food in winter for Newfoundland caribou.,Oikos,25,379-387,1974,,,,,REINDEER
9444,"Bergerud, AT Nolan, MJ",Food habits of hand-reared caribou Rangifer tarandus L. in Newfoundland,Oikos,21,348-350,1970,,,food habits caribou Newfoundland Canada vertebrates animals,[Includes lichens.],REINDEER
1139,"Bergman, B Hallbom, L",Nostoc of Peltigera canina when lichenized and isolated,Canadian Journal of Botany,60,2092-2098,1982,,,Peltigera Nostoc phycobiont growth TEM phycobilisomes heterocysts akinetes ultrastructure,"6 figures. 2 tables. [Distinctive differences were observed between the two states including, when lichenized, larger cell diameters, more thylakoids, presence of phycobilisomes, and a lower frequency of heterocysts at thallus margins. Akinetes are repor",PHYS
X15,"Bernstein ME, Carroll GC",Microbial populations on Douglas-fir needle surfaces,Microbial Ecology,4,41-52,1977,,,,,BIOMASS
5927,"Bernt, WC",Observations on a pronghorn antelope winter range,,,,1976,"M.S. thesis, Idaho State University",,antelope animal,,LARGE MAMMAL
9446,"Beschel, R",Lichens as a measure of the age of recent moraines,Arctic and Alpine Res.,5,303-309,1973,,,moraines lichenometry growth rates,[A translation of Beschel's classic paper of 1950's.],GROWTH
4823,"Billings, WD",Arctic and alpine vegetation: plant adaptations to cold summer climates,Arctic and Alpine Environments,,403-443,1974,"Methuen & Co., Ltd., London",J. D. Ives & R. G. Barry (eds.),arictic alpine environments adaptations cold temperatures climate ecophysiology,"6 fig. 1 tab. [Lichens, p. 415.]",COMMUNITY
7506,"Birdsall, J",Moths in the Memory,,,,1990,"Pavillion Books, Ltd.",,,"pp.34-35, 42-43, 62-63 only. see p. 34 for description of moth with (apparently) lichen-like camouflage.",INVERTEBRATE
6064,"Bishop, JA Cook, LM","Moths, melanism and clean air.",Scientific American,232,90-99,1975,,,,,AIR
4826,"Bishop, JA Cook, LM Muggleton, J Seaward, MRD","Moths, lichens, and air pollution along a transect from Manchester to North Wales",Jour. Appl. Ecol.,12,83-98,1975,,,animals insects British Isles ecology air pollution,2 fig. 7 tab.,INVERTEBRATE
5993,"Biswas, K",Common Medicinal Plants of Darjeeling and the Sikkim Himalayas,,,,1956,,,human uses medicine India,pp. 96-99 only.,HUMAN ASIA
8781,"Black, MJ",Algonquin ethnobotany: an interpretation of aboriginal adaptation in southwestern Quebec,"National Museum of Man, Mercury Series",65,,1980,National Museums of Canada,,,p. 71 only.,HUMAN GENERAL
6594,"Blackwell,WH",Poisonous and Medicinal Plants,,,xix + 329,1990,"Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ",,CETRARIA ISLANDICA MEDICINE POISON,"pp. 85, 98, 99, 103 only. [Several poisonous and medicinal lichens mentioned in a chapter on poisonous and medicinal fungi.]",HUMAN PHARMACEUTICAL
5173,"Blewitt, MR Cooper-Driver, GA",The effects of lichen extracts on feeding by gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar),The Bryologist,93(2),220-221,1990,,,animals gypsy moths insects feeding food bioassay,"2 tables. [Red oak leaves were painted with water and acetone extracts of six lichen species, and moths were allowed to feed on the treated leaves.  ""Acetone extracts containing depsides, depsidones, and usnic acid did not affect food consumption or larv",ANIMAL
5173,"Blewitt, MR Cooper-Driver, GA",The effects of lichen extracts on feeding by gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar),The Bryologist,93(2),220-221,1990,,,animals gypsy moths insects feeding food bioassay,"2 tables. [Red oak leaves were painted with water and acetone extracts of six lichen species, and moths were allowed to feed on the treated leaves.  ""Acetone extracts containing depsides, depsidones, and usnic acid did not affect food consumption or larv",INVERTEBRATE
X43,"Boertje, RD","Seasonal diets of the Denali caribou herd, Alaska",Arctic,37(2),161-165,1984,,,"caribou, alaska, diet, fecal",,REINDEER
13832,"Bolton, EM",Lichens for Vegetable Dyeing,,,63,1960,"Charles T. Branford Co., Newton Center 59, Massachusetts",,dyeing dyes uses chemistry,"5 pl. and a fontispiece in color. [Practical recipes for dyeing media prepared from lichens. Printed in Italy, issued simultaneously by an English publisher. Reviewed in this issue of The Bryologist.]",HUMAN DYE
5869,"Book, SA Connolly, GE Longhurst, WM",Fallout 137Cs accumulation in two adjecent populations of Northern California deer,Health Physics,22,379-385,1972,,,radiation deer,,RADIATION
5176,"Boonpragob, K Nash, TH"", III Fox, CA",Seasonal deposition patterns of acidic ions and ammonium to the lichen Ramalina menziesii Tayl. in Southern California,Environmental and Experimental Botany,29(2),187-197,1989,,,seasonal deposition acidic ions ammonium Ramalina California physiology air pollution,"4 tables. 4 figures. [Study conducted at two-week intervals over 50 weeks at both polluted and non-polluted sites. ""During interstorm periods accumulation of leachable ions occurred with the highest levels found at the end of extended summer drought peri",AIR
530,"Bosserman, RW Hagner, JE",Elemental composition of epiphytic lichens from Okefenokee Swamp,The Bryologist,84,48-58,1981,,,epiphyte Georgia Florida Okefenokee Usnea Parmelia heavy metal,"2 figure. 6 tables. [""The fruticose lichen, Usnea, appears to depend more on atmospheric wetfall than dryfall, having higher concentrations of dominant precipitation elements (Na, Ca, Mg). THe foliose lichen, Parmelia, appears to depend more on atmospher",PHYS
6112,"Boucher, VL Nash III, TH",Growth patterns in Ramalina menziesii in California: coastal vs. inland populations,The Bryologist,93(3),295-302,1990,,,,,GROWTH
16363,"Boucher, VL Nash III, TR",The role of the fruticose lichen Ramalina menziesii in the annual turnover of biomass and macronutrients in a blue oak woodland.,Bot. Gaz.,151(1),114-118,1990,,,,,BIOMASS
3901,"Bowler, PA Rundel, PW",Reproductive strategies in lichens,Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. [London],70,325-340,1975,,,reproduction species pairs evolution review chemistry,2 figures. 2 tables.,GROWTH
1150,"Branch, GM Branch, ML","Experimental analysis of intraspecific competition in an intertidal gastropod, Littorina unifasciata",Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research,32,573-589,1981,,,invertebrate gastropod food marine,10 figures. 3 tables. [Lichens are mentioned as the food source for the animals.],INVERTEBRATE
X53,"Brand, LR",Tree nests of California chipmunks (Eutamias),American Midlands Naturalist,91(2),489-491,1974,,,,,MISC. WILDLIFE
16019,"Brandborg, SM",Life history and management of the mountain goat in Idaho.,Wildlife Bulletin No. 2,,,1955,"State of Idaho, Dept. of Fish and Game",,,,LARGE MAMMAL
8975,"Brightman, FH",Lichens in churchyards,Newsletter of the Assoc. of Gravestone Studies,Spring,38208,1993,,,,,CONSERVE
12529,"Brightman, FH",Insect on lichens,The Lichenologist,3(1),154,1965,,,insects invertebrates Lepraria Infurcitinea,[Infurcitinea argentimaculella on Lepraria.],INVERTEBRATE
3909,"Brightman, FH Seaward, MRD",Lichens of man-made substrates,Lichen Ecology,,253-293,1977,"Academic Press, London",M. R. D. Seaward (ed.),ecology man-made substrates habitats,5 figures. 8 tables. [Review.],SUBSTRATE
17952,"Brij Lal Upreti,DK",Ethnobotanical notes on three Indian lichens,Lichenologist,27(1),77-79,1995,,,ECONOMIC USES ETHNOBOTANY INDIA MEDICINE,"[Notes on Buellia cf. subsoriroides (yields a dye used to stain the skin), Parmelia sancti-angeli (ashed and used to treat a skin disease), and Usnea longissima (used to stuff pillows).]",HUMAN ASIA
6117,"Broad, K",Lichens in southern woodlands,Forestry Commission Handbook 4,,48,1989,"HMSO Books, London",,,,ENV
6545,"Broadbooks, HE",Tree nests of chipmunks with comments on associated behavior and ecology,J. Mammal,55,630-639,1974,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
14480,"Broadhead, E Thornton, IWB",An ecological study of three closely related psocid species,Oikos,6(1),18264,1955,,,psocids invertebrates animals food herbivory,19 fig. 18 tab. [Experiments show that lichens are a considerable part of the diet of Elipsocus mclachani and explain the predominance of the insect on lichen-covered larch.],INVERTEBRATE
1782,"Brodo, IM",Guide to the Literature for the Identification of North American Lichens,,,39,1985,"Syllogeus 56. National Museums of Canada, Ottawa",,literature guide own identification,"[Author presents a most useful guide to the literature for the identification of North American lichens. The list is divided into four parts: general references, references for major categories of lichens or regions of North America, pertinent literature",
2936,"Brodo, IM","A new species of the lichen genus Sulcaria (Ascomycotina, Alectoriaceae) from California",Mycotaxon,27,113-117,1986,,,California Alectoriaceae Sulcaria new taxa,3 figures. [New: Sulcaria isidiifera# sp. nov.],TAXON
3911,"Brodo, IM",Changing concepts regarding chemical diversity in lichens,Lichenologist,10,37997,1978,,,chemistry taxonomy nomenclature review,[Review.],TAXON
5931,"Brodo, IM",Studies in the lichen genus Ochrolechia. 2. Corticolous species of North America,Canadian J. Botany,69 (4),733-772,1991,,,Ochrolechia corticolous,,TAXON
5946,"Brodo, IM",Transplant experiments with corticolous lichens using a new technique,Ecology,42,838-841,1961,,,transplant corticolous,,GROWTH
77,"Brodo, IM Richardson, DHS",Chimeroid associations in the genus Peltigera,Lichenologist,10,157-170,1978,,,Peltigera chimeras British Columbia Canada phycobiont mycobiont,"16 figures including 1 color plate. 2 tables. [Detailed study of material collected in British Columbia, Canada. Results of anatomical and chemical investigations support the concept that the mycobiont in question can establish distinct morphotypes with ",MORPH
320,"Brodo, IM Richardson, DHS",Chimeroid associations in the genus Peltigera,Lichenologist,10,157-170,1978,,,Peltigera chimeras British Columbia Canada phycobiont mycobiont,"16 figures including 1 color plate. 2 tables. [Detailed study of material collected in British Columbia, Canada. Results of anatomical and chemical investigations support the concept that the mycobiont in question can establish distinct morphotypes with ",SYMBIOSIS
6017,"Brody, JE",Is the air pure or foul? Lichens can tell the tale,New York Times,38217,"17,20",1987,,,air pollution,,AIR
8967,"Brooker, SG Cambie, RC Cooper, RC",New Zealand Medicinal Plants,,,,1987,"Heinemann, Aukland",,,,HUMAN NEW ZEALAND
8966,"Brooker, SG Cooper, RC",New Zealand medicinal plants,Econ. Bot.,15,37996,1961,,,,,HUMAN NEW ZEALAND
7490,"Brooker, SG, Cambie, RC Cooper, RC",Economic Native Plants of New Zealand,Econ. Bot.,43(1),,1989,,,,"pp. 94, 101 only.",HUMAN GENERAL
8940,"Broom, BM","Ethnobotany of the Chacabo Indians, Beni, Bolivia",,,,1987,NY Botanical Garden,,,,HUMAN LATIN AMERICA
1787,"Brotherson, JD Rushforth, SR Johansen, JR","Effects of long-term grazing on cryptogam crust cover in Navajo National Monument, Ariz",Journal of Range Management,36,579-581,1983,,,soil stabilization own cryptogamic crusts grazing ecology Arizona,"4 tables. [""Both vascular and nonvascular communities were heavily impacted with the cryptogamic community showing the greatest reduction in cover. Lichens and mosses were the most damaged, while the algae were much more tolerant.""]",SOIL
2363,"Brough, SG",Dye characteristics of British Columbia forest lichens,Syesis,17,81-94,1984,,,British Columbia Canada dyes economic uses,"2 tables. [Survey included 42 lichen species from 19 localities. ""All lichens produced some colour, 33 species produced colours classified as good to excellent.""]",HUMAN DYE
3475,"Brough, SG",Navajo lichen dyes,Lichenologist,20(3),279-290,1988,,,Navajo dyes Indians uses United States,"1 table. [Report on dyeing of wool (155 individual dye tests) by extracts of 35 lichens collected on or near the Navajo Indian Reservation in the southwestern United States. ""Predominant dye colours were tan, but yellow, orange, pink, purple, and blue-gr",HUMAN SOUTHWEST
3921,"Brown, DH",Mineral uptake by lichens,Lichenology: Progress and Problems,,419-439,1976,"Academic Press, London","D. H. Brown, D. L. Hawksworth & R. H. Bailey (eds.)",mineral uptake physiology accumulation,4 tables.,METAL
5791,"Brown, DH",Toxicity studies on the components of an oil-spill emulsifier using Lichina pygmaea and Xanthoria parietina,Marine Biology,18,291-297,1973,,,toxicity emusifier oil spill,,TOXIC
6532,"Brown, DH Brown, RM",Mineral cycling and lichens: the physiological basis,Lichenologist,23 (3),293-307,1991,,,,,PHYS
5906,"Brown, GW Yde, CA",Seasonal food habits of a population of bighorn sheep in NW Montana as determined by a microhistologic examination of fecal material.,Proceedings of the 6th Biennial Symposium of the Northern Wild Sheep and Goat Council,,,1988,,"Samuel, WM","montana, bighorn sheep, microstology",p.246 only,LARGE MAMMAL
4837,"Brown, RT Mikola, P",The influence of fruticose soil lichens upon the mycorrhizae and seedling growth of forest trees,Acta Forest. Fenn.,141,38009,1974,,,mycorrhizae allelopathy Cladonia Finland seedling development,5 fig. 7 tab. [A striking demonstration of the effect of a Cladonia cover on seedlings of Picea abies in the field.],PLANT
16056,"Brown, W.K. Theberge, J.B.",The effect of extreme snowcover on feeding-site selection by woodland caribou.,J. Wildl. Manage,54(1),161-168,1990,,,,,REINDEER
8015,"Brown,DH",Impact of agriculture on bryophytes and lichens,Bryophytes and Lichens in a Changing Environment,,259-283,1992,"Clarendon Press, Oxford","Bates,JW/Farmer,AM (eds.)",AGRICULTURE FERTILIZERS FUNGICIDES HERBICIDES INSECTICIDES PESTICIDES,,TOXIC
12149,"Bryan, NG Young, S Shirley, CK",Navajo Native Dyes. Their Preparation and Use,,,75,1940,"U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs",,dyes Navajo USA uses chemistry,"pp. 42-43 only. Reissued in 1963. Available from the Haskell Institute, Lawrence, Kansas.  Parmelia as a source of dyes, pp. 42-43, 47.]",HUMAN SOUTHWEST
5192,"Bubrick, P",Effects of symbiosis on the photobiont,CRC Handbook of Lichenology. Volume II,,133-144,1988,"CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton",M. Galun (ed.),photobiont symbiosis lichenization review TEM,"7 figures. 1 table. [""In this chapter, various photobiont modifications not directly related to biotrophy are mentioned. These include changes in morphology, developmental cycles, reproductive strategies, and subcellular details."" Review with 95 referenc",SYMBIOSIS
1162,"Bubrick, P Ben-Yaakov, M Frensdorff, A Galun, M",Lichen symbiosis: does the surface of the phycobiont's cell wall play a role in discrimination between compatible and incompatible symbionts?,Israel Journal of Botany,32,47-48,1983,,,symbiosis cell wall recognition mycobiont phycobiont,[Abstract.],SYMBIOSIS
544,"Bubrick, P Galun, M",Symbiosis in lichens: differences in cell wall properties of freshly isolated and cultured phycobionts,FEMS Microbiology Letters,7,311-313,1980,,,cell wall phycobiont culture Con A symbiosis,"1 table. [Reports the reappearance of Con A binding sites on phycobiont cell walls following isolation from the lichenized condition. "" ... It is suggested that there can be a turnover of components in the original cell wall. Thus, the cell surface modif",SYMBIOSIS
6177,"Budel, B",Anatomical adaptations to the semiarid/arid environment in the lichen genus Peltula,Contributions to Lichenology in Honour of A. Henssen,,47-61,1990,"Bibliotheca Lichenologica. No. 38. J. Cramer, Berlin-Stuttgart",H. M. Jahns (ed.),anatomy arid adaptations Peltula Heppiaceae morphology,"2 tables. 16 figures. [Analyses are made of three modifications for protection of the photobiont and other morphologies which ""extend the photosynthetic active phases with the accumulated capillary water.""]",MORPH
13237,"Bunnell, FL",Deer-forest relationships on northern Vancouver Island.,"Sitka Black-Tailed Deer: Proceedings of a Conference in Juneau, Alaska",,86-101,1979,USDA Forest Service,O.C. Wallmo and J.W. Schoen,,,LARGE MAMMAL
16025,"Burt, P",Barrenland Beauties,,,,199-,"Outcrop, Ltd., Yellowknife, N.W.T.",,,,GENERAL
5907,"Burzlaff, DF",The poisonous lichen Parmelia molliuscula,Wyoming Range Management,28,37988,1950,,,substance livestock poison,,COMPOUND
5843,"Bustinza, F",Antibacterial substances from lichens,Economic Botany,6 (4),402-406,1952,,,antibiotic substances,,COMPOUND
548,"Calkin, PE Eillis, JM","A lichenometric dating curve and its application to holocene glacier studies in the central Brooks Range, Alaska",Arctic and Alpine Research,12,245-264,1980,,,arctic Alaska lichenometry Rhizocarpon growth radiocarbon dating,"8 figures. 2 tables. [""The Rhizocarpon geographicum curve has a great growth period lasting 200 yr based on historic, dendrochronologic, and direct measurement control; this is followed by a linear growth phase of approximately 3 mm per century based on ",GROWTH
18041,"Campbell, D.G.",The bottom of the bottom of the world.,Natural History,Nov.,46-52,1992,,,,,COMMUNITY
6529,"Canters, KJ Scholler, H Ott, S Jahns, HM",Microclimatic influences on lichen distribution and community development,Lichenologist,23 (3),237-252,1991,,,,,COMMUNITY
6546,"Carey, AB",The Biology of Arboreal Rodents in Douglas-Fir Forests,,,46 PP,1991,"USDS Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, General Technical Report 276.",,,,SMALL MAMMAL
X115,"Carey, AB",Sciurids in Pacific Northwest managed and old-growth forests,Ecological Applications,5(3),648-661,1995,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
X117,"Carey, AB",Wildlife associated with old-growth forests in the Pacific Northwest,Natural Areas Journal,9(3),151-162,1989,,,,,MISC. WILDLIFE
X116,"Carey, AB, ML Johnson","Small mammals in managed, naturally young, and old-growth forests",Ecological Applications,5(2),336-352,1995,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
X114,"Carey, AB, TM Wilson, CC Maguire, BL Biswell",Dens of northern flying squirrels in the Pacific Northwest,J. Wildl. Manage.,61(3),684-699,1997,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
1799,"Carlberg, GE Ofstad, EB Drangsholt, H Steinnes, E",Atmospheric deposition of organic micropollutants in Norway studied by means of moss and lichen analysis,Chemosphere,12,341-356,1983,,,air pollution clorinated hydorcarbons Norway own alkanes,"5 figures. 2 tables. [""Lichen and moss have been found to reflect the pollution distribution in air better than biological samples like fish where many of the compounds are metabolized. The results from this investigation show that lichen may be well sui",AIR
16262,"Carr, A.",A Naturalist in Florida,,,264,1994,Yale University Press,,,p. 184 only.,BIRD
X16,"Carroll GC, Pike LH, Perkins JR, Sherwood M",Biomass and distribution patterns of conifer twig microepiphytes in a Douglas-fir forest,Canadian Journal of Botany,58(6),624-630,1980,,,,,BIOMASS
X2,"Carroll, J.",,San  Francisco Chronicle,unknown,unknown,1993,unknown,,,,MISC
19407,Casselman KD,Lichen dyes: a sourcebook,,,57,1996,"Studio Vista, Nova Scotia",,"dyes, history, source, ecodyes",,HUMAN DYE
X40,"Casselman KL, Hill JM",Lichens as a monitoring tool: a Pictou County (Nova Scotia) perspective,In: Ecosystem monitoring and protected areas,,237-244,1995,"Science and Management of Protected Areas Association,  Wolfville, Nova Scotia","Herman TB, Bonr\drup-Nielsen S, Martin Willison JH, Munro NWP",,,ENV
1177,"Casselman, KL",Craft of the Dyer: Colour from Plants and Lichens of the Nortwest,,,249,1980,"University of Toronto Press, Toronto",,dyes Lobaria Usnea Cladonia Peltigera economic uses,"12 color plates. [Information on dyeing with lichens on pages 164-173. Lobaria, Umbilicaria, Usnea, Peltigera and Cladonia species are stressed.]",HUMAN DYE
5878,"Casselman, KL",parts of manuscript on lichen dyes,,,,1990,,,human uses dyes,,HUMAN DYE
7484,"Casselman, KL",Cemetery Lichen Dyes,Newsletter of the Association for Gravestone Studies,15(4),38020,1991,,,,,HUMAN DYE
7508,"Casselman, KL","Dyes: Conservation, Education and Preservation",The Occasional,0.542361111,13-16,1992,,,,lichen dyes,HUMAN DYE
X65,"Casselman, KLD",Bibliography of articles by Karen (Leigh) Diadick Casselman,none,none,none,1996,,,,3pp. 30 articles listed.,HUMAN DYE
8639,"Castetter, EF",Uncultivated plants used as sources of food,Univ. of New Mexico Bull.,226,62,1935,"(Biol. Ser. v.4 no. 1, Ethnobiological Studies in the Amer. SW)",,,,BIBLIO
16018,"Chadwick, DH",Mountain goat ecology-logging relationships in the Bunker Creek drainage of western Montana.,"State of Montana, Statewide Wildlife Research",job BG-9.01,1-230,1973,State of Montana,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
8846,"Chamberlain, LS",Plants used by American indians,Am. Nat.,35,37996,1901,,,,,HUMAN EAST NORTH AMERICAN PLAINS
3944,"Chambers, S Morris, M Smith, DC",Lichen physiology. XV. The effect of digitonin and other treatments on biotrophic transport of glucose from alga to fungus in Peltigera polydactyla,New Phytologist,76,485-500,1976,,,carbohydrate transfer glucose Peltigera physiology digitonin,5 figures. 8 tables.,PHYS
5893,"Chapman, JA Feldhamer, GA",Wild Mammals of North America,,,932-933,1982,Johns Hopkins University Press,,"caribou, behavior, food habits","pp. 854-857, 864-867, 882-885, 910-911, 964-967, 984-987, 1012-1014, 1026-1027, 1042-1045.","REINDEER, LARGE MAMMAL"
91,"Childress, S Keller, JB",Lichen growth,Journal of Theoretical Biology,32,157-165,1980,,,growth free boundary photosynthesis,"3 figures. [""A theory of the growth of a lichen is presented, based upon the production of a carbohydrate by photosynthesis, partical consumption of it to thicken the lichen, diffusion of the remainder toward the outer edge, and its consumption there to ",GROWTH
5983,"Chopra, RN Chopra, IC Handa, KL Kapur, LD",Indigenous Drugs of India,,,,1958,"Academic Publishers, Calcutta & New Delhi",,medicine human uses India,pp. 642-649 only.,HUMAN ASIA
X113,"Clarkson, DA, LS Mills",Hypogeous sporocarps in forest remnants and clearcuts in southwest Oregon,Northwest Science,68(4),259-265,1994,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
16275,"Cliff, EP",Relationship between elk and mule deer in the Blue Mountains of Oregon,Trans. N. Amer. Wildl. Conf.,,560-569,1939,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
6030,"Coker, PD",Damage to lichens by gastropods,Lichenologist,3,428-429,1967,,,gastropods invertebrates Sussex British Isles herbivory Lehmannia marginata,[The slug Lehmannia marginata damages lichens in Sussex.],INVERTEBRATE
100,"Collins, CR Farrar, JF",Structural resistances to mass transfer in the lichen Xanthoria parietina,New Phytologist,81,71-83,1978,,,Xanthoria growth ribitol carbohydrate transfer mycobiont phycobiont,"3 figures. 5 tables. [""It is concluded (a) that diffisive CO2 flux into the alga is greatly reduced by the resistance of the fungal cortex, (b) that diffusion can easily account for the mass transfer of ribitol from alga to fungus, and (c) that haustoria",PHYS
16037,"Collins, HB Clark, AH Walker, EH",The Aleutian Islands: Their People and Natural History,War Background Studies,21,,1945,Smithsonian Institution,,,p. 70 only.,HUMAN GENERAL
5814,"Conner, DA",Life in a rock pile,Natural History,JUNE,51-57,1983,,,animal pika,,SMALL MAMMAL
5944,"Cooke, R",Lichens,The Biology of Symbiotic Fungi,,226-253,1977,"John Wiley & Sons, London",,physiology symbiosis,,SYMBIOSIS
8849,"Coon, N","Using plants for healing, an American herbal",,,272,1963,"Hearthside Press, NY",,,pp. 100-101 oonly.,HUMAN GENERAL
103,"Cooper, G Carroll, GC",Ribitol as a major component of water-soluble leachates from Lobaria oregana,The Bryologist,81,568-572,1978,,,Lobaria ribitol own leachates polyols,"[Lobaria is presumed to constitute a major pool for polyols found in throughfall from the coniferous stands under study; as such, this lichen may be an important energy source for heterotrophic canopy microorganisms which subsist on leachates.""]",PHYS
2410,"Coppins, BJ Rose, F Tittensor, RM",Lichens from a 16th century Sussex cottage,Lichenologist,17,297-314,1985,,,British Isles Sussex own,"[Several species are mentioned. Authors suggest that "" ... there is a source of data concerning the species of past environments still untapped because it is only just being realized that buildings may contain and retain a multitude of floristic and faun",CONSERVE
8644,"Coville, FC",Notes on the plants used by the Klamath Indians of Oregon,Contr. U.S. Nat. Herbarium,5,87-105,1897,,,,,GENERAL
115,"Cowan, DA Green, TGA Wilson, AT",Lichen metabolism 2. Aspects of light and dark physiology,New Phytologist,83,761-769,1979,,,metabolism Ramalina Peltigera polyols,"3 tables. 4 figures. [Studies on Ramalina delastri and Peltigera polydactyla. ""The dissimilarity between 3H and 14C labelling patterns has led to the conclusion that polyols synthesized in the absence of photosynthesis must be derived from other stored s",PHYS
5889,"Cowan, IM",Nesting habits of the flying squirrel Glaucomys sabrinus.,J. Mammal.,,58-60,1936,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
6053,"Cowan, IM","The ecological relationships of the food of the black-tailed deer, Odocoileus hemionus columbianus (Richardson) in the coast forest region of southern Vancouver Island, B.C.",Ecol. Monogr.,15,109-139,1945,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
1819,"Coxson, D Webber, MR Kershaw, KA",The thermal operating environment of corticolous and pendulous tree lichens,The Bryologist,87,197-202,1984,,,thermal environment Hypogymnia Letharia Usnea own,"4 figures. [Thallus temperature of Hypogymnia physodes was consistiently well above the ambient temperature while the pendulous Usnea remained close to air temperature. Letharia vulpina was intermediate. Authors point out the importance of ""...defining t",PHYS
16263,"Coxson, D.S. Nadkarni, N.M.",Ecological roles of epiphytes in nutrient cycles of forest ecosystems.,Forest Canopies,,495-543,1995,"Academic Press, San Diego","Lowman,MD/Nadkarni,NM (eds.)",BIOGEOGRAPHY BIOMASS CANOPY ECOLOGICAL ROLES ENDEMISM EVOLUTION FLORISTICS FOREST,,ENV
16093,"Crete, M Huot, J Gauthier, L",Food selection during early lactation by caribou calving on the tundra in Quebec,Arctic,43(1),60-65,1990,,,,,REINDEER
6105,"Crete, M Morneau, C Nault, R",Biomasse et especes de lichens terrestres disponsibles pour le caribou dan le nord du Quebec,Canadian Journal of Botany,68 (10),2407,1990,,,,,BIOMASS
6055,"Cringan, AT","History, food habits and range requirements of the woodland caribou of continental North America.",Trans. N. Amer. Wildl. Conf.,22,485-501,1967,,,forage caribou epiphytes terricolous animals food North America,3 fig. 3 tab. [Relationship of soil- and tree-inhabiting lichens to forest type and tree crown density.],REINDEER
4848,"Crittenden, PD",Nitrogen fixation by lichens on glacial drift in Iceland,New Phytologist,74,41-49,1975,,,Iceland nitrogen fixation glacial drift physiology,5 tab. 2 fig.,NITRO
5222,"Crittenden, PD",Nitrogen relations of mat-forming lichens,"Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulphur Utilization by Fungi",,243-268,1989,"Cambridge University Press, Cambridge","L. Boddy, R. Marchant & D. J. Read (eds.)",Cladonia nitrogen Stereocaulon mineral nutrients,"12 figures. 3 tables. [Detailed review with comparisons to ectomycorrhizae. Both symbioses exploit periodic nutrient flushes, store nutrients in fungal tissues, and remobilize stored reserves to meet growth requirements of the photobiont.]",NITRO
122,"Crittenden, PD Kershaw, KA",Discovering the role of lichens in the nitrogen cycle in boreal-arctic ecosystems,The Bryologist,81,258-267,1978,,,Canada nitrogen fixation Stereocaulon Northwest Territories nitrogenase,"[Data from studies of the nitrogen fixing capabilities of Stereocaulon paschale mats in the Northwest Territories ""... suggest that simple predictive models are not yet able to accurately describe levels of nitrogenase activity in nature and that estimat",NITRO
X38,"Cross, M",Lichens may help date earthquakes,,,,1994,National Geographic Society,,"earthquake, new zealand, rhizocarpon, geology, dating",,ENV
16027,"Crossen, KJ",Guide to the little ice age landforms and glacial dynamics in Portage Valley and Portage Pass,"for Int'l. Conf. on Arctic Margins, Anchorage, AK",,46,1992,"Alaska Geological Society, Anchorage, AK",,,,DATING
6553,"Crouch, GL",Coniferous forest habitats,Mule and Black-tailed Deer of North America,,423-433,1981,University of Nebraska Press,"Wallmo, OC",,,LARGE MAMMAL
8496,"Crum, H",A lichenologist's view of lichen manna,Contributions to the University of Michigan Herbarium,19,293-306,1993,,,ASPICILIA FOOD MANNA,19 fig. [Detailed discussion of the history and possible identities of the biblical (and other) manna.],HUMAN FOOD
5839,"Culberson, WL Culberson, CF",Habitat selection by chemically differentiated races of lichens,Science,158,1195-1197,1967,,,community Ramalina substance habitat,,COMMUNITY
8159,"Cumming, HG",Woodland caribou: Facts for forest managers,The Forestry Chronicle,68(4),481-491,1992,,,,,REINDEER
6031,"Curtin, LSM",Healing herbs of the Upper Rio Grande,,,281,1974,"Southwest Museum, Los Angeles (also, 1976, Arroyo Press, Los Angeles)",,,,BIBLIO
6031,"Curtin, LSM",Healing herbs of the Upper Rio Grande,,,281,1974,"Southwest Museum, Los Angeles (also, 1976, Arroyo Press, Los Angeles)",,,,HUMAN SOUTHWEST
7500,"Curtin, LSM",Ethnobotany of the Pima (By the Prophet of the Earth),,,156,1984,Univ. of Arizona Press,,,pp. 76-79 only.,HUMAN SOUTHWEST
8646,"Curtin, LSM","Some Plants used by the Yuki Indians of Round Valley, Northern California",,,,1957,"Southwest Museum, Leaflet 27, Los Angeles",,,,HUMAN GENERAL
5959,"Cuthbert, JB",Some notes on the physiology of Teloschistes flavicans,Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Africa,19,27-44,1931,,,Teloschistes substance physiology,,COMPOUND
3982,"Czehura, SJ","A lichen indicator of copper mineralization, Lights Creek district, Plumas County, California",Econ. Geol.,72,796-803,1977,,,copper heavy metals Lecanora mineralization absorption uptake California,"5 figures. 1 table. [""Color differences in the thalli of Lecanora cascadensis Magn. correspond well with copper mineralization .... Apparently the lichen's anomalous green color is due to its ability to absorb and concentrate copper.""",HUMAN GENERAL
8938,"d'Abano, P","De Venenis of Petrus Abbonus, trans. HM Brown, in: Annals of the History of Medicine",,VI(1),,1924,,,,"2 pages on plant extracts, one paragrraph on ""Usnea""; might be Letharia.",HUMAN GENERAL
15999,"Darby, W.R. Duquette, L.S.","Woodland caribou and forestry in Northern Ontario, Canada",Rangifer,1 (special issue),81-93,1986,,,,,REINDEER
16357,"Darby, WR, Pruitt, WO Jr.","Habitat use, movements and grouping behavior of woodland caribou, Rangifer tarandus caribou, in southwestern Manitoba.",Can. Field-Nat.,98,184-190,1984,,,,,REINDEER
4851,"DaSilva, EJ Henriksson, LE Henriksson, E",Effect of pesticides on blue-green algae and nitrogen-fixation,Arch. Envir. Contamination Toxicol.,3,193-204,1975,,,pesticides nitrogen fixation Collema Nostoc algae cyanobionts pollution,2 fig. 4 tab. [Includes tests on Nostoc sp. from Collema.],TOXIC
5810,"Davis, EW Yost, JA",Novel hallucinogens from eastern Ecuador,Botanical Museum Leaflets (Peabody Musuem),29 (3),291-295,1983,,,human uses hallucinogen basidiolichen,,HUMAN LATIN AMERICA
X31,"Davis, JR",Survey of lichens of the Carson Depot Road area,none,,,unk.,self,,"checklist, columbia river, survey","list of 154 lichens, with intro & brief comments.",LIST
1833,"Dawson, HJ Hrutfiord, BF Ugolini, FC",Mobility of lichen compounds from Cladonia mitis in arctic soils,Soil Science,138,40-45,1984,,,lichen acids soil mobility Alaska,"2 tables. [Authors show that lichen compounds in Alaskan soil are mobile and usnic acid concentrations range between 1.0 and 4.0 ppm. ""Therefore, these findings support evidence that lichen compounds may contribute significantly to the development of the",SOIL
X123,"de Vosjoli, P",Account from the daily journals of Philippe de Vosjoli and Frank Fast,The Vivarium,6(5),4,1998,,,,,INVERTEBRATE
16271,"Dearden, BL Hansen, RM Pegau, RE",Plant fragment discernibility in caribou rumens.,Proceedings of the First International Reindeer and Caribou Symposium,,257-277,1975,Biological Papers of the University of Alaska,"Luick, JR Lent, PC Klein, DR White, RG",caribou animal,,REINDEER
16269,"Dearden, BL Pegau, RE Hansen, RM",Precision of microhistological estimeates of ruminant food habits.,J. Wildl. Manage.,39(2),402-407,1975,,,,,ANIMAL
7511,"DeBolt, A","Woven-spore lichen, a biotic soil crust rarity.",Sage Notes,15(4),38113,1992,Idaho Native Plant Society Newsletter,,,"""Grazing disrupts the biotic soil crust, promoting habitat conversion from sagebrush-bunchgrass communities to annual grasslands dominated by Bromus species, esp. Bromus tectorum.""--excerpt",SOIL
6537,"del Monte, M",Trajan's Column: lichens don't live here any more,"Endeavour, New Series",15 (2),86-93,1991,,,,,SUBSTRATE
16276,"DeNio, RM",Elk and deer foods and feeding habits.,Trans. N. Amer. Wildl. Conf.,,421-427,1938,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
5802,"Denison, R Caldwell, B Bormann, B Eldred, L Swanberg, C Anderson, S",The effects of acid rain on nitrogen fixation in western Washington coniferous forests,USDA Forest Service General Technical Report NE-23,,933-949,1976,,,acid rain nitrogen,,ACID RAIN
5807,"Denison, WC",Life in tall trees,Sci. Am.,JUNE,74-80,1973,,,nitrogen community,,NITRO
585,"Dennis, WM Collier, PA DePriest, P Morgan, EL",Habitat notes on the aquatic lichen Hydrotheria venosa Russell in Tennessee,The Bryologist,84,402-403,1981,,,Tennessee Hydrothyria ecology,"[This species is now known from Sevier, Blount and Monore counties in Tennessee, and physiochemical water quality notes are given.]",WATER
3993,"DesMeules, P Heyland, J",Contribution to the study of the food habits of caribou. Part I--Lichen preferences,Natural. Canad.,96,317-331,1969,,,caribou food behavior animals,2 figures. 6 tables.,REINDEER
X41,"Devitt, T",Air pollution decimating nation's lichens,,,,1996,,,"pollution, isle royal, decline",email via arizona state university,ENV
3995,"Dey, JP",Fruticose and foliose lichens of the high-mountain areas of the southern Appalachians,The Bryologist,81,33970,1978,,,Parmelia new taxa Southern Appalachians macrolichens foliose fruticose North Carolina Tennessee Virginia Georgia key,2 figures. 1 table. [178 species; keys. New: Parmelia producta (Hale) comb. nov.],LIST
5973,"di Benadetto, G Furnari, F",Sulla cresciti di Trebouxia albulescens e di T. humicola trattate con acido B indol-acetico e con acido gibberllico,Boll. Ist. Univ. Catania,2,29-34,1961,,,photobiont physiology Trebouxia,,PHYS
5980,"Dibben, MJ",Whole-lichen culture in a phytotron,Lichenologist,5,37996,1971,,,culture physiology growth,,CULTURE
X126,"Ditchkoff, SS, FA Servello",Litterfall: an overlooked food source fo rwintering white-tailed deer,J. Wildl. Manage.,62(1),250-255,1998,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
7498,"Dobrowolski, J West, N",Desert crusts: irreplaceable veneer of ecological frosting?,Utah Science,summer,44-49,1991,,,,,SOIL
X37,Dobson F,Lichens on man-made surfaces,,,,1996,"British Lichen Society, London",,"concrete, pH, pollution, encouragement, removal",,CONSERVE
592,"Donkin, RA",Manna: An Historical Geography,,,161,1980,"Biogeographica 17. Dr. W. Junk B. V., The Hague-Boston-London",,manna history Lecanora,"17 maps. 16 figures. [Includes a discussion of Lecanora esculenta and other species as ""manna lichen"" on pages 43-54.]",HUMAN FOOD
1224,"Donkin, RA","The ""manna lichen:"" Lecanora esculenta",Anthropos,76,562-576,1981,,,manna history Lecanora,"2 figures. [Review of reports of ""manna lichen"" throughout history.]",HUMAN FOOD
6567,"Douglas, WO",Of Men and Mountains,,,338,1950,Harper and Brothers,,,p. 284 only.,LARGE MAMMAL
X66,"Dove, M",How Coyote happened to make the black moss food,Coyote stories,,,1933,"Caxton Printers, Ltd. Caldwell, ID.",,,pp. 121-125 only.,HUMAN NORTHWEST
16023,"Duke, JR",Winter food habits of mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) on the Kenai Peninsula of Alaska,M.S. Thesis,,,1982,"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO",,,,LARGE MAMMAL
X44,"Duquette, LS",A draft copy of: standards and guidelines for caribou habitat management,draft,draft,draft,unknown,,,"caribou, management, guidelines",title and first pages only.,REINDEER
8613,"Ebeling, W",Handbook of Indian Foods and Fibers of Arid America,,,,1986,Univ. of Calif. Press,,,pp. 762-763 only.,HUMAN SOUTHWEST
5913,"Edmonds, EJ","Population status, distribution, and movements of woodland caribou in west central Alberta",Can. J. Zool.,66,817-826,1988,,,caribou animal,,REINDEER
16273,"Edmonds, EJ Bloomfield, M",A study of woodland caribou in west central Alberta,Caribou Research and Management in British Columbia; Proceedings of a Workshop,,21-25,1985,"B.C. Ministry of Forests, Publ. WHR-27",Rick Page,,,REINDEER
9012,"Edwards, RY",Fire and the decline of a mountain caribou herd,J. Wildl. Manage.,18(4),521-526,1954,,,,,REINDEER
5915,"Edwards, RY Ritcey, RW","Foods of caribou in Wells Gray Park, British Columbia",Canad. Field-Naturalist,74,38053,1960,,,caribou food Wells Gray Provincial Park British Columbia Canada Alectoria animals,"2 tab. [""A variety of foods is eaten in summer, but in winter the main food is provided by the arboreal lichens of the genus Alectoria.""]",REINDEER
5916,"Edwards, RY Ritcey, RW","Migrations of caribou in a mountainous area in Wells Gray Park, British Columbia",Canad. Field-Naturalist,73,21-25,1959,,,caribou,,REINDEER
5910,"Edwards, RY Soos, J Ritcey, RW",Quantitative observations on epidendric lichens used as food by caribou.,Ecology,41 (3),425-431,1950,,,caribou animal,,REINDEER
X77,"Eldridge DJ, R. Rosentreter",Morphological groups: a framework for monitoring microphytic crusts in arid landscapes,Journal of Arid Environments,41,11-25,1999,,,"microphytic crusts, morphological greoups, soil crusts, monitoring, non-vascular plants, lichens, bryophytes, arid rangelands",,MORPH
8979,"Eldridge, DJ","Cryptogams, vascular plants, and soil hydrological relations: some preliminary results from the semiarid woodlands of E. Australia",Great Basin Naturalist,53(1),48-58,1993,,,,,SOIL
5900,"Elliott, CL McKendrick, JD",Food habits of Dall sheep on revegetated coal stripmine spoils in Alaska,"Proc. of the Biennial Symposium N. Wild Sheep and Goat Council, Apr-May 1984, Whitehorse, YU",,,1984,,,animal Dall sheep,pp. 248-249 only.,LARGE MAMMAL
6550,"Ellison, L",Seasonal foods and chemical analysis of winter diet of Alaskan spruce grouse,J. Wildl. Manage.,30(4),729-,1966,,,,,BIRD
8664,"Elmore, F.H.",Ethnobotany of the Navajo,,,,1944,U. of New Mexico Press,,,"pp. 16-17, 39, 84 only.",HUMAN SOUTHWEST
12188,"Elton, CS",The Pattern of Animal Communities,,,432,1966,"Methuen & Co. Ltd., London; John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York",,animals British Isles ecology,"28 fig. 87 photographs. [Several references to lichens, especially with regard to animal communities in Britain.]",INVERTEBRATE
8932,"Emmons, G",The basketry of the Tlingit,Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Memoirs,,,1903,NY,,,handwritten note,HUMAN NORTHWEST
8604,"Emmons, GT de Laguna, F Low, J",The Tlingit Indians,,,,1991,"U. of Washington Press, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.",,,pp. 362-?,HUMAN NORTHWEST
4032,"Englund, B","The physiology of the lichen Peltigera aphthosa, with special reference to the blue-green phycobiont (Nostoc. sp.)",Physiol. Plant.,41,298-304,1977,,,Peltigera Nostoc algae nitrogenase enzymes photosynthesis heterocyst water relations respiration,"5 figures. 4 tables. [Heterocyst frequency, nitrogenase activity, photosynthesis, respiration, water realtions.]",SYMBIOSIS
X39,"Erickson,J",Geologist studies lichens to date past earthquakes,Arizona Star,,,1993,,,"eartquake, lichenometry, new zealand, concrete, dams, gravestones",newspaper article,ENV
412,"Eskew, DL Ting, IP",Nitrogen fixation by legumes and blue-green algal-lichen crusts in a Colorado desert environment,American Journal of Botany,65,850-856,1978,,,California desert nitrogen fixation cyanobacteria phycobiont,4 tables. 4 figures. [Study done in Califonria near Palm Desert. No lichens were identified in the study.],NITRO
18052,"Espoz, C. Guzman, G. Castilla, J.C.",The lichen Thelidium litorale on shells of intertidal limpets: a case of lichen-mediated cryptic mimicry.,Marine Ecology Progress Series,119,191-197,1995,,,,,INVERTEBRATE
2456,"Esseen, PA",Litter fall of epiphytic macrolichens in two old Picea abies forests in Sweden,Canadian Journal of Botany,63,980-987,1985,,,litter fall epiphyte Sweden biomass dispersal fruticose,"4 tables. 7 figures. [""Total litter fall amounted to 2.5 and 2.8 tons ha-1 year-1 of which lichens constituted 4.6 and 5.7% at the two sites. It is concluded that dispersal of thallus fragments by wind evidently plays an important role for many of the fi",BIOMASS
X93,"Esseen, P-A/ Renhorn, KE",Edge effects on an epiphytic lichen in fragmented forests,Conservation Biology,12(6),1307-1317,1998,,,EDGE EFFECTS/ FOREST FRAGMENTATION/ FORESTS/ OLD GROWTH FORESTS ,"We present a temporal model of edge effects on lichens based on empirical data for the pendulous, fruticose species Alectoria sarmentosa. Ten high-contrast edges of different age between mature Picea abies forest and large clearcuts (10-260 ha) were studied in northwestern Sweden.",ENV
16344,"Euler, DL Snider, B Timmerman, HR","Woodland caribou and plant communities on the Slate Islands, Lake Superior.",Can. Field-Nat.,90,17-21,1976,,,,,REINDEER
X78,"Evans, RD, JR Johansen",Microbiotic crusts and ecosystem processes,Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences,18(2),183-225,1999,,,"arid lands, biodiversity, carbon cycling, ecosystem stability, land-use change, nitrogen cycling",,ENV
1259,"Eversman, S",Epiphytic lichens of a ponderosa pine forest in southeastern Montana,The Bryologist,85,204-213,1982,,,Montana epiphytes Usnea,"2 tables. 2 figures. [A study of 340 trees in four vegetation types yielded 19 species. Usnea hirta was the most common and abundant species recorded, ""...constituting 31-74% of total lichen cover."" Both diversity and cover were positively correlated wit",COMMUNITY
6015,"Eversman, S",Lichens: tiny bioindicators of air pollution,Western Wildlands,FALL,38337,1985,,,air pollution bioindicator,,AIR
6110,"Eversman, S",Lichens of Yellowstone Park,The Bryologist,93(2),197-205,1990,,,,,COMMUNITY
7567,"Fahselt,D",Geothermal effects on multiple enyzme forms in the lichen Cladonia mitis,Lichenologist,24(2),181-192,1992,,,ELECTROPHORESIS GEOTHERMAL ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING ISOZYMES MULTIPLE ENZYME FORMS,"5 fig. 1 tab. [Study using isoelectric focusing. ""All of the major differences in isozyme patterns between remote samples and those near fumaroles were in the two highly polymorphic enzymes, esterase and alkaline phosphatase. Differences were as great or",PHYS
9292,"Fahselt,D",UV absorbance by thallus extracts of umbilicate lichens,Lichenologist,25(4),415-422,1993,,,ENZYME POLYMORPHISMS ENZYMES GENETICS MUTAGENICITY UMBILICARIA UV UV ABSORPTION,"3 fig. 1 tab. [In 11 stands of umbilicate lichens, correlations were found between the degree of genetic variability, as evidenced by enzyme banding patterns, and the amount of UV absorbing materials produced in the thallus. It is hypothesized that the h",RADIATION
17721,"Fahselt,D",Carbon metabolism in lichens,Symbiosis,17(2-3),127-182,1994,,,CARBON METABOLISM CELL WALL ETHYLENE GROWTH RATES PHOTORESPIRATION PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESPIRATION STORAGE,"10 fig. 3 tab. [Review article, with almost 250 references.]",PHYS
18005,"Fahselt,D",Lichen sexuality from the perspective of multiple enzyme forms,Cryptogamic Botany,5(2),137-143,1995,,,ASCOSPORE GERMINATION ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION ENZYME POLYMORPHISMS ENZYMES GENETIC VARIABILITY ISOZYMES SEX SEXUAL REPRODUCTION,1 fig. 3 tab. [Review and summary of previous studies by the author on lichen genetic variability relative to sexual/asexual species.],PHYS
18112,"Fahselt,D",Growth form and reproductive character of lichens near active fumaroles in Japan,Symbiosis,18(3),211-231,1995,,,COVERAGE FUMAROLES GEOTHERMAL VENTS GROWTH FORM REPRODUCTION SOLFATARAS VOLCANOES,"6 fig. 4 tab. [""Total cover of lichens was determined at intervals across six small-scale geothermal vents in northern Japan and found to be least where soil surface temperature or vascular cover was high or in the direct path of vent gases.""]",MORPH
17754,"Fahselt,D Alstrup,V Tavares,S",Enzyme polymorphism in Umbilicaria cylindrica in northwest Greenland,The Bryologist,98(1),118-122,1995,,,ENZYME POLYMORPHISMS ENZYMES ESTERASE FOSSIL GLACIAL RECESSION GREENLAND SUBFOSSIL,"3 fig. 1 tab. [""As is the case with other lichens examined previously, the U. cylindrica population exhibited appreciable enzyme polymorphism and, thus, potential for evolutionary change."" Subfossil thalli of the same species, which recently emerged afte",MORPH
17089,"Fahselt,D Hageman,C",Rhizine and upper thallus isozymes in umbilicate lichens,Symbiosis,16(1),95-103,1994,,,ENZYMES ISOZYMES PROTEINS RHIZINES UMBILICARIA,2 tab. [Study using Umbilicaria mammulata and U. vellea.],PHYS
7238,"Fahselt,D Sweet,S","Scanning electronmicroscopy of colonizing rock surfaces in the far north, Canada",Proceedings of the National Institute of Polar Research Symposium on Polar Biology,(No. 4),107-113,1991,,,COLONIZATION,13 fig. [Samples from glaciated rock surfaces estimated to be 60 to 100 years old were found to bear biological structures (e.g. spores or hyphae) about half the time.],MORPH
6621,"Farkas,E Pocs,T",Foliicolus lichen-mimicry of a rainforest treefrog?,Acta Botanica Hungarica,35,73-76,1989,,,CAMOUFLAGE FROG MIMICRY TANZANIA,3 fig. [The treefrog Leptopelis uluguruensis Barbour & Loveridge has greenish white spots with lichen prothallus-like white margins which resemble the foliicolous lichens inhabiting the same leaves.],AMPHIB
16361,"Farmer, AM Bates, JW Nigel, J Bell, B",Ecophysiological effects of acid rain on bryophytes and lichens. in: Bryophytes and Lichens in a Changing Environment,,,285-313,1992,"Clarendon Press, Oxford","Bates,JW/Farmer,AM (eds.)",BOREAL FORESTS DECOMPOSITION HERBIVORY LICHEN PARASITES MIRES NITROGEN FIXATION NUTRIENT CYCLING NUTRIENT RELEASE POLAR STRATEGIES SUCCESSION TEMPERATE FORESTS TROPICAL FORESTS TUNDRA,4 fig. 2 tab. ,ACID RAIN
4058,"Farrar, JF",Ecological physiology of the lichen Hypogymnia physodes. I. Some effcts of constant water saturation,New Phytologist,77,93-103,1976,,,Hypogymnia water relations physiology ecology,9 figures. 6 tables.,PHYS
4059,"Farrar, JF",The lichen as an ecosystem: observation and experiment,Lichenology: Progress and Problems,,385-406,1976,"Academic Press, London","D. H. Brown, D. L. Hawksworth & R. H. Bailey (eds.)",ecology ecosystem model,4 figures. 4 tables.,SYMBIOSIS
4060,"Farrar, JF",Ecological physiology of the lichen Hypogymnia physodes. II. Effects of wetting and drying cycles and the concept of 'physiological buffering',New Phytologist,77,105-113,1976,,,Hypogymnia water relations physiology ecology physiological buffering,6 figures. 6 tables.,PHYS
5282,"Farrar, JF",Physiological buffering,CRC Handbook of Lichenology. Volume II,,101-106,1988,"CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton",M. Galun (ed.),buffering physiology polyols,"1 figure. [""It was proposed that this rapid turnover of polyols provided metabolic protection for structural material such as protein, the metabolism of which thus was not subject to the vagaries of a fluctuating environment. This concept was termed 'phy",PHYS
5943,"Farrar, JF",Lichen physiology: progress and pitfalls,Air Pollution and Lichens,,238-282,1973,,,physiology,,PHYS
4061,"Farrar, JF Smith, DC",Ecological physiology of the lichen Hypogymnia physodes. III. The importance of the rewetting phase,New Phytologist,77,115-125,1976,,,rewetting water relations physiology Hypogymnia,8 figures. 7 tables.,PHYS
5895,"Fedosenko, AK",Food habits and habitat use of Putoran snow sheep (Ovis nivicola borealis),Proc. Fifth Bienn. Symp. North. Wild Sheep and Goat Council,,381-385,1986,,,animal large mammal Putoran snow sheep sheep,,LARGE MAMMAL
5988,"Fernald, ML Kinsey, AC",Edible Wild Plants,,,406-414,1943,"Idlewild Press, Cornwall-on-Hudson, New York",,,pp. 406-415,HUMAN GENERAL
5899,"Ferrari, C Rossi, G",Preliminary observations on the summer diet of the Abruzzo chamois (Rupicarpa rupicarpa ornata Neum.),The Biology and Management of th Mountain Ungulates,,,1985,"Croom Helm, Ltd.","Louari, S.",animal chamois,pp. 80-83 only,LARGE MAMMAL
1266,"Ferry, BW",Lichens,Experimental Microbial Ecology,,291-319,1982,"Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, London, Edinburgh, Boston, Melbourne",R. G. Burns & J. H. Slater (eds.),ecology review bibliography,pp. 291-319 only. Detailed review of ecological studies with many references.,GENERAL
4066,"Ferry, BW Baddeley, MS",Sulphur dioxide uptake in lichens,Lichenology: Progress and Problems,,407-418,1976,"Academic Press, London","D. H. Brown, D. L. Hawksworth & R. H. Bailey (eds.)",sulphur SO2 uptake physiology air pollution,6 tables.,AIR
1880,"Fields, RD St. Clair, LL",The effects of SO2 on photosynthesis and carbohydrate transfer in the two lichens: Collema polycarpon and Parmelia chlorochroa,American Journal of Botany,71,986-998,1984,,,air pollution Parmelia Collema SO2 photosynthesis carbohydrate transfer,"7 figures. 5 tables. [""The observed detrimental effects of SO2 on cell membrane permeability as well as the photosynthetic process in both C. polycarpon and P. chlorochroa appear to be caused, at least in part, by sulfur-induced changes in the configuati",AIR
X47,"Fies, M",Night gliders,Virginia Wildlife,,,1986,,,"virginia, flying squirrel, vole",,SMALL MAMMAL
5286,"Filion, L Payette, S",Subarctic lichen polygons and soil development along a colonization gradient on eolian sands,Arctic and Apline Research,21(2),175-184,1989,,,Quebec Canada Cladina terricolous stabilization succession ecology,"1 table. 8 figures. [""It is concluded that the two lichen-polygon types are associated with vegetation and soil development during plant stabilization of eolian sands: the C. mitis type and the C. alpestris type, respectively, formed during transient suc",SOIL
1267,"Filson, RB",Lichens of continental Antarctica,Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory,53,357-360,1982,,,Antarctica origin morphology variation,[Author concentrates on problems of the origin of the Antarctic lichen flora and the interpretation of morphological variation due to the severe climate. Much of the morphological variation observed in Antarctic lichens is due to environmental conditions,COMMUNITY
X74,"Fink, B",Contributions to a knowledge of the lichens of Minnesota. III. The rock lichens of Taylors Falls,Minnesota Botanical Studies,unknown,1-18,1898,,,,,BOOK
186,"Fisher, RF",Possible allelopathic effects of reindeer-moss (Cladonia) on Jack pine and white spruce,Forest Science,25,256-260,1979,,,allelopathy spruce pine Cladonia Cladina,"3 tables. 1 figure. [Greenhouse studies of jack pine and white spruce mulched with Cladonia rangiferina and Cladonia alpestris showed that both lichens reduced significantly the growth of the tree seedlings and 32P uptake, primarily by imparing root deve",PLANT
16362,"Fleischner, TL",Ecological costs of livestock grazing in western North America.,Conservation Biology,8(3),629-644,1994,,,,,"CONSERVE, SOIL"
X73,"Flenniken, DG",The macrolichens in West Virginia,,,231,1999,"Carlisle Printing, OH",,26 color plates.,,BOOK
634,"Fletcher, A","Marine and maritime lichens of rocky shores: their ecology, physiology and biological interactions",The Shore Environment. Volume 2: Ecosystems,,789-842,1980,"The Systematics Association Special Volume No. 17B, Academic Press, London & New York","J. H. Price, D. E. G. Irvine & W. F. Farnham (eds.)",British Isles seashore marine saxicolous ecology,[Detailed review with many references. Most of the discussion concentrates on British seashores.],COMMUNITY
4073,"Fletcher, A",Key for the identification of British marine and maritime lichens. I. Siliceous rocky shore species,Lichenologist,7,18994,1975,,,Ramalina new taxa marine maritime British Isles saxicolous key,[New: Ramalina curnowii var. stenoclada (W. CUlb.) comb. nov.,TAXON
5837,"Fletcher, A",The ecology of maritime (supralittoral) lichens on some rocky shores of Anglesey,Lichenologist,5,401-422,1973,,,community maritime distribution,,COMMUNITY
5838,"Fletcher, A",The ecology of maritime (littoral) lichens on some rocky shores of Anglesey,Lichenologist,5,368-400,1973,,,community maritime distribution,,COMMUNITY
X54,"Fogel, R, JM Trappe",Fungus consumption (mycophagy) by small animals,Northwest Science,52(1),1-31,1978,,,"mycophagy, small mammal, stomach contents, interdependence, spore dispersal",,MISC. WILDLIFE
1884,"Folkeson, L",Deterioration of the moss and lichen vegetation in a forest polluted by heavy metals,Ambio,13,37-39,1984,,,Sweden air pollution zinc copper,"3 figures. [Copper and zinc pollution in SE Sweden was studied around brass mills. ""The moss and lichen vegetation of the forest floor is markedly impoverished in the area. The ground layer, normally covering 25-90 percent of the forest floor, is reduced",METAL
3542,"Folkeson, L Andersson-Bringmark, E",Impoverishment of vegetation in a coniferous forest polluted by copper and zinc,Canadian Journal of Botany,66(3),417-428,1988,,,Cladonia pollution copper zinc Sweden,"7 tables. 4 figures. [Lichen species, primarily Cladonia and Cladina taxa, were included in the analysis of pollution near a brass foundry 150 km SW of Stockholm, Sweden. ""The most obvious reaction of the ground layer was a considerable decline in the co",METAL
13251,"Follmann, G",Estudios liquenometricos en los monumentos prehistoricos de la Isla de Pascua,Rev. Universitaria [Univ. Catolica de Chile],46,149-154,1961,,,lichenometry Easter Island archeology,3 pl. 3 tab. in spanish,MISC
4086,"Forman, RTT",Canopy lichens with blue-green algae: a nitorgen source in a Colombian rain forest,Ecology,56,1176-1184,1975,,,ecology South America Colombia rain forests nitrogen fixation epiphytes nutrients,3 figures. 2 tables.,NITRO
4087,"Forman, RTT Dowden, DL","Nitrogen fixating lichen roles from desert to alpine in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, New Mexico",The Bryologist,80,561-570,1977,,,nitrogen fixation New Mexico ecology desert alpine,1 figure. 1 table.,NITRO
5885,"Forsman, ED Meslow, EC Wight, HM",Distribution and biology of the spotted owl in Oregon,Wildlife Monographs,87,23377,1984,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
2468,"Foster, DR","Vegetation development following fire in Picea mariana (black spruce)-Pleurozium forests of south-eastern Labrador, Canada",Journal of Ecology,73,517-534,1985,,,Canada Labrador succession fire ecology,"2 plates. 8 figures. 1 table. [Several lichens are mentioned. ""Three groups of lichens--fruticose and foliose arboreal epiphytes and foliose epigaeic species--are found only in late successional forests and increase beneath or within the conifer canopy.""",COMMUNITY
8660,"Foster, JB",Life history of the phenacomys vole.,J. Mammal.,42(2),181-199,1961,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
5969,"Fox, CH",Studies of the cultrual physiology of the lichen alga Trebouxia,Physiologia Plantarum,20,251-262,1967,,,photobiont Trebouxia physiology,,CULTURE
16024,"Fox, JL","Mountain goat ecology on Cleveland Peninsula, Alaska; Addendum: dietary analyses.",Final Report to Pacific NW Forest & Range Expmt. Station,contract PNW-82-197,,1983,,,,Dietary analyses addendum only.,LARGE MAMMAL
6111,"Fox, JL Smith, CA",Winter mountain goat diets in Southeast Alaska,J. Wildl. Manage.,52(2),362-365,1988,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
5858,"Fox, JL Smith, CA Schoen, JW",Relation between mountain goats and their habitat in Southeastern Alaska,General Technical Report PNW-GTR-246,,25,1989,Pacific Northwest Research Station USDA Forest Service,,mountain goat nutrition animal,,LARGE MAMMAL
5919,"Freddy, DJ",Distribution and movements of Selkirk caribou.,Canadian Field-Naturalist,93(1),71-74,1979,,,,,REINDEER
16309,"Freeland, WJ Janzen, DH",Strategies in herbivory by mammals: the role of plant secondary compounds.,Am. Nat.,108,269-289,1974,,,,,GENERAL
16034,"Freeman, MMR",An ecological study of mobility and settlement patterns among the Belcher Island Eskimo,Arctic,20(3),154-175,1967,,,,"pp. 154, 157 only.",HUMAN NORTHWEST
8668,"French, D.H.",Ethnobotany of the pacific northwest Indians,Econ. Bot.,19(4),378-382,1965,,,,pp. 378-382,HUMAN GENERAL
3078,"Fridriksson, S",Life develops on Surtsey,Endeavour,6,100-107,1982,,,Iceland Surtsey ecology colonization,"11 figures. [General review of biotic colonization of the volcanic island of Surtsey. Several lichens are mentioned, the first ones discovered on the island in 1970, 7 years after the island's formation.]",GROWTH
X6,"Friedmann, EI",Endolithic microorganisms in the Antarctic cold desert,Science,215,1045-53,1982,,,"endolithic, substrate, antarctica",,SUBSTRATE
1889,"Friedmann, EI Ocampo-Friedmann, R",Endolithic microorganisms in extreme dry environments: analysis of a lithobiontic microbial habitat,Current Perspectives in Microbial Ecology. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Microbial Ecology,,177-185,1984,"American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C",M. J. Klug & C. A. Reddy (eds.),cryptoendolithic Antarctica environment Israel endolithic own,"5 figures. 1 table. [Review of cryptoendolithic lichens and cryptoendolithic cyanobacteria from Antarctica and their adaptations compared with similar associations in hot deserts. ""The singular adaptive achievement of the Antarctic cryptoendolithic liche",COMMUNITY
1890,"Fritz-Sheridan, RP",Impact of simulated acid rains on nitrogenase activity in Peltigera aphthosa and P. polydactyla,Lichenologist,17,27-31,1985,,,Peltigera nitrogenase acid rain own Montana,"2 figures. [""Both lichens exhibited a 50% reduction in nitrogen fixation at pH 5, 80% reduction at pH 4 and complete inhibition at pH 2. Nitrogen fixation was zero after 20 days exposure to simulated rain at pH 3 and zero after four days at pH 2."" Peltig",ACID RAIN
5294,"Fritz-Sheridan, RP Portecop, J","Nitrogen fixation on the tropical volcano, La Soufriere (Guadeloupe): 1. A survey of nitrogen fixation by blue-green algal microepiphytes and lichen endophytes",Biotropica,19(3),194-199,1987,,,Guadeloupe nitrogen fixation Cora Stereocaulon ecology West Indies cyanobacteria,1 figure. 4 tables. [Study included the lichen species Stereocaulon ramulosum and Cora pavonia.],NITRO
8173,"Froberg,L Baur,A Baur,B",Differential herbivore damage to calcicolous lichens by snails,Lichenologist,25(1),83-95,1993,,,GRAZING HERBIVORES MOLLUSCS SNAILS,2 fig. 3 tab. [A laboratory study using 35 lichen species and 4 snail species.],INVERTEBRATE
X72,"Froslie, A, G Norheim, JP Rambaek, E Steinnes","Levels of trace elements in liver from Norwegian moose, reindeer and red deer in relation to atmospheric deposition",,,,unknown,"National Veterinary Institute, Oslo",,,,GENERAL
5789,"Fry, EJ","The mechanical action of curstaceous lichens on substata of shale, schist, gneiss, limestone, and obsidian",Ann. Bot.,4 (SER. I),437-460,1927,,,soil,,SOIL
5917,"Fuller, TK Keith, LB",Woodland caribou population dynamics in northeastern Alberta,J. Wildl. Manage.,45 (1),197-213,1981,,,caribou,,REINDEER
16004,"Gaare, E",Does grazing influence growth of the reindeer lichen Cladina mitis?,Rangifer,1 (specieal issue),357-358,1986,,,,,REINDEER
16053,"Gaare, E",The Chernobyl accident: Can lichens be used to characterize a radiocesium contaminated range?,Rangifer,7(2),46-50,1987,,,,,RADIATION
16332,"Gaare, E Sorensen, A White, RG",Are rumen samples representative of the diet?,Oikos,29,390-395,1977,,,,,REINDEER
16336,"Gaare, E. Skogland, T",Wild reindeer food habits and range use at Hardangervidda.,Fennoscandian Tundra Ecosystems,,195-205,1975,"Springer-Verlag, New York",,,,REINDEER
16022,"Gabrielson, IN Lincoln, FC",The Birds of Alaska,,,,1959,"The Stackpole Company, Harrisburg, PA, & Wildlife Management Inst.",,,,BIRD
X1,"Gallĝe, O.",Natural history of the Danish lichens,unknown,unknown,24-25,1951,unknown,,,,MISC
8191,"Galloway,DJ",Biodiversity: a lichenological perspective,Biodiversity and Conservation,1,312-323,1992,,,BIODIVERSITY BIOMASS BIOMONITORING CLIMATE CONSERVATION FOOD CHAINS NUTRIENT CYCLING,"[General discussion of the biodiversity and ecological importance of lichens, with special reference to areas of biodiversity, lichen biomass, food chains, nutrient cycling, carbon sinks, biomonitoring, climate change, conservation, and lichen identifica",GENERAL
5302,"Galun, M",Fungus-alga relation,CRC Handbook of Lichenology. Volume I,,147-158,1988,"CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton",M. Galun (ed.),review TEM symbiosis ultrastructure haustoria,12 figures. 1 table. [Review of ultrastructural details of photobiont-mycobiont interactions including a table summarizing haustoria in lichens. Fifty-five references.],SYMBIOSIS
1896,"Galun, M Bubrick, P",Physiological interactions between partners of the lichen symbiosis,"Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series, Volume 17. Cellular Interactions",,362-401,1984,"Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg",H.-F. Linskens & J. Heslop-Harrison (eds.),symbiosis own interactions phycobiont mycobiont nitrogen metabolism algal binding protein polyols recognition review,7 tables. 11 figures. [A excellent and thorough review of cellular interactions in lichens with many references.],SYMBIOSIS
5968,"Galun, M Paran, N Ben-Shaul, Y",Structural modifications of the phycobiont in the lichen thallus,Protoplasma,69,85-96,1970,,,photobiont symbiosis morphology,,PHYS
5308,"Galun, M Ronen, R",Interactions of lichens and pollutants,CRC Handbook of Lichenology. Volume III,,55-72,1988,"CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton",M. Galun (ed.),air pollution pollutants physiology mapping uptake heavy metals,"5 tables. 3 figures. [Review of lichen interactions with pollutants including SO2, heavy metals, radionuclides, and others. Discussion includes notes on ecosystem alteration and mapping, transplants, morphological and cytological changes, and metabolic a",AIR
655,"Galvan, J Rodriguez, C Ascaso, C",The pedogenic action of lichens in metamorphic rocks,Pedobiologia,21,60-73,1981,,,pedogenesis saxicolous weathering Parmelia Lasallia Ramalina ecology,"9 figures. 4 tables. [""However, it has been possible to determine that the lichen species studied, so far, are able to form gels between thalli and rocks, that micaceous minerals are the most often retained under the thallus and that there is a direct re",SOIL
657,"Gardner, CR Mueller, DMJ",Factors affecting the toxicity of several lichen acids: effect of pH and lichen acid concentration,American Journal of Botany,68,87-95,1981,,,allelopathy chemistry Funaria germination spores pH bryophytes,"6 figures. 4 tables. [Studies on 8 lichen acids on the germination and sporeling growth of Funaria hygrometrica. ""The order of relative toxicity for lichen acids is different, depending on the pH and concentration at which they are tested and depending o",COMPOUND
2478,"Garty, J",The amounts of heavy metals in some lichens of the Negev Desert,"Environmental Pollution, Series B",10,287-300,1985,,,heavy metals Israel Squamarina Teloschistes Ramalina Diploschistes Caloplaca desert ecology Negev,"1 figure. 11 tables. [Analyses of amounts of Mn, Cr, Pb, Zn, Cu and Ni in Squamarina crassa, Teloschistes lacunosus, Ramalina maciformis, Diploschistes streppicus and Caloplaca ehrenbergii from Israel. ""Measuring the heavy metal content of desert lichens",METAL
3097,"Garty, J Ammann, K","The amounts of Ni, Cr, Zn, Pb, Cu, Fe and Mn in some lichens growing in Switzerland",Environmental and Experimental Botany,27,127-138,1987,,,heavy metals air pollution macrolichens Switzerland,"7 tables. [Study of seven macrolichen species. ""By the use of intersite, interelement, and interspecies comparisons, it is concluded that some metals within the thalli of Swiss lichens may reach high levels even when these plants are growing in rural and",METAL
213,"Garty, J Galun, M Kessel, M",Localization of heavy metals and other elements accumulated in the lichen thallus,New Phytologist,82,159-168,1979,,,Caloplaca heavy metals accumulation SEM TEM,"10 plates. 2 tables. [Study on Caloplaca aurantia, using SEM, TEM, and enery dispersive x-ray analyses, showed extracellular deposition of particulate fall-out accumulated in the lichen.]",METAL
5786,"Gerson, U",Lichen-arthropod associations,Lichenologist,5,434-443,1973,,,arthropod association,,INVERTEBRATE
4109,"Gerson, U Seaward, MRD",Lichen-invertebrate associations,Lichen Ecology,,69-119,1977,"Academic Press, London",M. R. D. Seaward (ed.),animals invertebrates ecology food review,3 figures. 9 tables. [Detailed review article from diverse sources.],INVERTEBRATE
2485,"Gilbert, OL","Environmental effects of airborne fluorides from aluminium smelting at Invergordon, Scotland 1971-1983","Environmental Pollution, Series A",39,293-302,1985,,,fluorides air pollution aluminum Scotland epiphytes,"1 figure. [""A zone of severe injury to epiphytic lichens developed which coincided closely with the area over which damaging fluorosis to livestock occurred. The environment started to recover very soon after the factory closed.""]",AIR
4114,"Gilbert, OL",Lichen conservation in Britain,Lichen Ecology,,415-436,1977,"Academic Press, London",M. R. D. Seaward (ed.),conservation British Isles endangered ecology,3 figures. 3 tables.,CONSERVE
4116,"Gilbert, OL",A lichen-arthropod community,Lichenologist,8,96,1976,,,animals arthropods community ecology,,INVERTEBRATE
6042,"Gilbert, OL",Lichens and air pollution,The Lichens,,443-472,1973,"Academic Press, NY and London","Ahamadjian, V Hale, ME",air pollution,,AIR
6521,"Gilbert, OL",A successful transplant operation involving Lobaria Amplissima,Lichenologist,23 (1),73-76,1991,,,,,CONSERVE
16360,"Gilbert, OL",Lichen reinvasion with declining air pollution. in: Bryophytes and Lichens in a Changing Environment,,,158-177,1992,"Clarendon Press, Oxford","Bates,JW/Farmer,AM (eds.)",BOREAL FORESTS DECOMPOSITION HERBIVORY LICHEN PARASITES MIRES NITROGEN FIXATION NUTRIENT CYCLING NUTRIENT RELEASE POLAR STRATEGIES SUCCESSION TEMPERATE FORESTS TROPICAL FORESTS TUNDRA,4 fig. 2 tab. ,AIR
6549,"Gillesberg, A-M Carey, AB",Arboreal nests of Phenacomys longicaudus in Oregon.,J. Mammal.,72(4),784-787,1991,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
5984,"Gilmore, MR",Uses of plants by Indians,Eth. Ann.,33,,1977,,,ethnobotany human uses dye,,HUMAN
8612,"Gilmore, MR",Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region,,,,1977,"Univ. of Nebraska Press, Lincoln",,,pp. 10-11 only.,HUMAN EAST NORTH AMERICAN PLAINS
5808,"Gilpatrick, N",The secret life of Beatrix Potter,Natural History,OCTOBER,"38-41, 88-92",1972,,,history Beatrix Potter,,HISTORY
5972,"Giudici de Nicola, M di Benedetto, G",Ricerche preliminari sui pigmenti nel ficobionte lichenico Trebouxia decolorans Ahm. III. Clorofille e carotenoidi,Boll. Ist. Univ. Catania,3,22-33,1962?,,,photobiont Trebouxia carotene chlorophyll,,PHYS
5970,"Giudici de Nicola, M Tomaselli, R",Ricerche preliminari sui pigmenti nel ficosimbionte lichenico Trebouxia decolorans Ahm. II. Clorofille,Boll. Ist. Univ. Catania,2,29-34,1961,,,photobiont Trebouxia chlorophyll,,PHYS
5971,"Giudici de Nicola, M Tomaselli, R",Ricerche preliminari sui pigmenti nel ficosimbionte lichenico Trebouxia decolorans Ahm. I. Carotenoidi,Boll. Ist. Univ. Catania,2,22-28,1961,,,photobiont Trebouxia carotene,,PHYS
8652,"Glover, G.A.",Winter activities of wild turkey in West Virginia,J. Wld. Mgt.,12(4),420-,1948,,,,,BIRD
5991,"Godbole, SR",Glossary of Vegetable Durgs in Vagbhata,,,,,"Indian Drug Research Assoc., Poona",,human uses medicine India,pp. 154-155 only.,HUMAN GENERAL
16050,"Godin, J.",Wild Mammals of New England,,,,1977,Johns Hopkins University Press,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
17829,"Gonzalez-Tejero,MR Martinez-Lirola,MJ Casares-Porcel,M Molero-Mesa,J",Three lichens used in popular medicine in eastern Andalucia (Spain),Economic Botany,49(1),96-98,1995,,,FOLK MEDICINE MEDICINE SPAIN,"[Notes on Ramalina bourgeana (decoction used as a diuretic), Xanthoria parietina subsp. ectanea (various decoctions used to treat menstrual complaints, for kidney disorders, as an analgesic, and as a component of a cough syup), and Pseudevernia furfurace",HUMAN EUROPE
17007,"Gottesfeld, LMJ",Notes on Gitksan lichen use,none,,,1995,,,,"typewritten page, 5 comments",HUMAN NORTHWEST
6232,"Gough, LP Jackson, LL Sacklin, JA","Determining baseline element composition of lichens. II. Hypogymnia enteromorpha and Usnea spp. at Redwood National Park, California","Water, Air and Soil Pollution",38,169-180,1988,,,Usnea Hypogymnia heavy metals Redwood National Park California air pollution,"2 tables. 2 figures. [""Therefore, except for Ba and Co, no large geographical element-concentration trends were observed.""]",AIR
6233,"Gough, LP Severson, RC Jackson, LL","Determining baseline element composition of lichens. I. Parmelia sulcata at Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota","Water, Air, and Soil Pollution",38(1-2),157-167,1988,,,Theodore Roosevelt National Park North Dakota Parmelia element composition heavy metals air pollution,"1 figure. 4 tables. [No instances of elemental phytotoxic conditions were found; however, P. sulcata apparently possesses large concentrations of Ba, Cu, Fe, Pb, C, V, and possibly Zn.""]",AIR
16073,"Govett, J.",Long-tailed tits apparently eating lichen.,British Birds,80(4),169,1987,,,,,BIRD
X20,Goward T,Apology for lichens,BC Naturalist,26(2),11-12,1988,,,,,CONSERVE
5813,"Goward, T",Witches' hair and old man's beard,Nature Canada,SPRING,39-45,1986,,,human uses general,,GENERAL
X100,"Goward, T",Living antiquities,Nature Canada,Summer 1994,14-21. ,1994,,,CANADA/ BRITISH COLUMBIA/ OLD-GROWTH FOREST ,,GENERAL
X103,"Goward, T",Nephroma occultum and the maintenance of lichen diversity in British Columbia,In:Conservation Biology of Lichenised Fungi,,pp. 93-101,1995,"Mitteilungen der Eidgenössischen Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft, Birmensdorf, Switzerland","Scheidegger, C/Wolseley, PA/Thor, G",BRITISH COLUMBIA/ CANADA/ CLIMATE/ CONSERVATION/ DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS/ FORESTS/ NEPHROMA/ OLD GROWTH FORESTS ,"Field studies of 145 different aged forest sites has resulted in recognition of three macroclimatic ""range classes"" for this species",CONSERVE
X104,"Goward, T","Notes on oldgrowth-dependent epiphytic macrolichens in inland British Columbia, Canada",Acta Botanica Fennica,150,31-38,1994,,,BRITISH COLUMBIA/ EPIPHYTIC/ MACROLICHENS/ OLD GROWTH FORESTS ,"ersity appears to be positively correlated with forest age or, more precisely, with environmental continuity",CONSERVE
16195,"Goward,T Diederich,P Rosentreter,R",Notes on the lichens and allied fungi of British columbia. II,The Bryologist,97(1),56-62,1994,,,BRITISH COLUMBIA LICHENICOLOUS NORTH AMERICA,"[Reports 46 lichens and lichenicolous fungi new to British Columbia. New to Canada: Agonimia tristicula, Catapyrenium daedaleum, Cladonia luteoalba, Collema auriforme, Dactylospora lobariella, Fulgensia desertorum, Massalongia microphylliza, Pannaria ahl",LIST
4127,"Gradstein, SR",The vanishing tropical rain forest as an environment for bryophytes and lichens. in: Bryophytes and Lichens in a Changing Environment,,,235-,1992,"Clarendon Press, Oxford","Bates,JW/Farmer,AM (eds.)",BOREAL FORESTS DECOMPOSITION HERBIVORY LICHEN PARASITES MIRES NITROGEN FIXATION NUTRIENT CYCLING NUTRIENT RELEASE POLAR STRATEGIES SUCCESSION TEMPERATE FORESTS TROPICAL FORESTS TUNDRA,4 fig. 2 tab. ,TROPICS
5981,"Grae, D",Nature's Colors: Dyes from Plants,,,,1974,"Macmillan Publishing Co., New York",,dye,,HUMAN DYE
9010,"Graham, FK",Plant Lore of an Alaskan Island,,,,1985,Alaska Northwest Publishing Co.,,,pp. 166-167 only.,HUMAN GENERAL
16032,"Graham, KF",Plant Lore of an Alaskan Island,,,,1985,Alaska Northwest Publishing Co.,,,pp. 166-167 only.,HUMAN NORTHWEST
6530,"Green, TGA Lange, OL",Ecophysiological adaptations of the lichen genera Pseudocyphellaria and Sticta to south temperate rainforests,Lichenologist,23 (3),267-282,1991,,,,,PHYS
5967,"Green, TGA Smith, DC",Lichen physiology. XIV. Differences between lichen algae in symbiosis and in isolation,New Phytologist,73,753-766,1974,,,photobiont symbiosis,,SYMBIOSIS
4125,"Green, TGA Snelgar, WP",Parmelia scabrosa on glass in New Zealand,Lichenologist,9,170-172,1977,,,glass New Zealand Parmelia ecology habitat,1 plate.,SUBSTRATE
5856,"Gressitt, JL",Symbiosis runs wild on the backs of high-living weevils,Smithsonian Magazine,7 (11),"135-136, 138-140",1977,,,invertebrates Gymnopholus symbiosis New Guinea popular,Illustrated. [The lichens that grow on Gymnopholus lichenifer in New Guinea. Popular article.],INVERTEBRATE
677,"Grier, C Ballard, TM","Biomass, nutrient distribution, and net production in alpine communities of the Kluane Mountains, Yukon Territory, Canada",Canadian Journal of Botany,59,2635-2649,1981,,,Canada Yukon alpine production nutrient biomass,"3 tables. 2 figures. [Total lichen cover, organic matter contribution, and nutrient contents (N, P, Ca, Mg, K) are listed for several alpine plant communities.]",BIOMASS
X69,"Grigson, G",A Herbal of All Sorts,,,,,"Phoenix House, London",,,pp. 42-43 only.,HUMAN GENERAL
8674,"Grinell, GB",Some Cheyenne plant medicines,Amer. Anth.,n.s. 7,37-43,1905,,,,pp. 42-43 only.,HUMAN EAST NORTH AMERICAN PLAINS
8977,"Grondin. AE Johansen, JR",Microbial spatial heterogeneity in microbiotic crusts in Colorado Nat'L Monument,Great Basin Naturalist,53(1),24-30,1993,,,,,SOIL
5336,"Gunther, AJ",Nitrogen fixation by lichens in subarctic Alaskan watershed,The Bryologist,92(2),202-208,1989,,,Alaska nitrogen fixation biomass nitrogenase enzymes,"5 tables. [""Even in this ecosystem remote from anthropogenic influences, the contribution of fixed nitrogen by lichens is less than that from precipitation and an order of magnitude below nitrogen fixed by Alnus trees, implying that the watershed level l",NITRO
8676,"Gunther, E, JR Janish",Ethnobotany of Western Washington,,,,1945,"Univ. of Washington Press, Seattle, WA",,,p. 50 only.,HUMAN GENERAL
1314,"Gunther, PM Horn, BS Babb, GD",Small mammal populations and food selection in relation to timber harvest practices in the western Cascade Mountains,Northwest Science,57,32-44,1983,,,fire Alectoria rodents animals mammals food diet,"4 tables. 4 figures. [""In unbruned clearcuts, fungi and epiphytic lichens, especially Alectoria sarmentosa, and conifer seeds were the major food eaten by rodents.""]",SMALL MAMMAL
16366,"Hale, ME",Lichens as Bioindicators and Monitors of Air Pollution,,,42,1981,"USDA Forest Service, Draft Report, contract # OM RFP R2-81-SP35",,,,AIR
1328,"Hale, ME"", Jr",The Biology of Lichens,,,190,1983,"Third Edition. Edward Arnold, London",,textbook general,"Many figures and tables. [An extensive revision of this popular and useful text on lichens. Includes a bibliography of 286 references to the lichen literature since 1974. Available in the United States from University Park Press, 300 N. Charles St., Balt",
4932,"Hallbauer, DK",The plant origin of the Witwatersrand 'carbon',"Minerals, Sci. & Engineering",7,111-131,1975,,,minerals gold South Africa Precambrian fossils,"36 fig. (12 in color). [Precambrian lichens, especially, ""played a role in the concentration fo gold that, partly due to biological processes, preserved the internal structure of those plants"" in South Africa.]",MISC
4150,"Hallbauer, DK Jahns, HM",Attack of lichens on quartzitic rock surfaces,Lichenologist,9,119-122,1977,,,saxicolous ecology weathering quartzitic,5 figures.,SOIL
5798,"Hallbom, L Bergman, B",Influence of certain herbicides and a forest fertilizer on the nitrogen fixation by the lichen Peltigera praetextata,Oecologia (Berlin),40,19-27,1979,,,herbicide fertilizer nitrogen,,TOXIC
6520,"Halonen, P Hyvarinen, M Kauppi, P",The epiphytic lichen flora on conifers in relation to climate in the Finnish middle boreal subzone,Lichenologist,23 (1),61-72,1991,,,,,COMMUNITY
6119,"Hamada, N",Environmental factors affecting the content of Usnic Acid in the lichen mycobiont of Ramalina siliquosa,The Bryologist,94(1),57-59,1991,,,,,COMPOUND
5348,"Hammer, S",Cladonia carneola: two new localities in western North America,The Bryologist,92(1),126-127,1989,,,California Cladonia distribution,[Cladonia carneola is reported for the first time from coastal California.],TAXON
5850,"Hammer, S",Sex and taxonomy in Cladonia,Newsletter of the Friends of the Farlow,17,,1990,,,taxonomy Cladonia morphology,,TAXON
8658,"Hanley, T.A.",Relationships between Sitka black-tailed deer and their habitat,USDA Forest Service GTR PNW-168,,21,1984,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
5859,"Hanley, TA McKendrick, JD","Seasonal changes in chemical compositon and nutritive value of native forages in a spruce-hemlock forest, Southeastern Alaska",Research Paper PNW-312,,41,1983,Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station USDA Forest Service,,forage Lobaria Usnea,,LARGE MAMMAL
5860,"Hanley, TA McKendrick, JD","Potential nutritional limitations for black-tailed deer in a spruce-hemlock forest, Southeastern Alaska.",J. Wildl. Manage.,49 (1),103-114,1985,,,animal deer,,LARGE MAMMAL
5862,"Hanley, TA Robbins, CT Spalinger, DE",Forest habitats and the nutritional ecology of Sitka black-tailed deer: a research synthesis with implications for forest management,General Technical Report,,52,1989,Pacific Northwest Research Station USDA Forest Service,,animal deer,,LARGE MAMMAL
5857,"Hanley, TA Spalinger, DE Hanley, DA Schoen, JW",Relationships between fecal and rumen analyses for deer diet assessments in Southeastern Alaska.,Northwest Science,59 (1),38276,1985,,,deer animal,,LARGE MAMMAL
8654,"Hansell, M.",Secondhand silk,Natural History,May,41-46,1993,,,,,BIRD
X124,"Hansell, MH",The function of lichen flakes and white spider cocoons on the outer surface of birds' nests,Journal of Natural History,30,303-311,1996,,,,,BIRD
6065,"Hansen, RM",Foods of the hoary marmot on Kenai Peninsula.,Amer. Midland Nat.,79,348-353,1975,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
6556,"Hanson, HC",Importance and development of the reindeer industry in Alaska,J. Range Manage.,5(4),243-251,1952,,,,,REINDEER
4157,"Hanson, WC",Fallout radionuclides in Alaskan food chains,Amer. Jour. Veterinary Res.,27,359-366,1966,,,radionuclides isotopes fallout Alaska,4 figures. 2 tables. [Includes lichens.],RADIATION
5908,"Hanson, WC Whicker, FW Lipscomb, JF",Lichen forage ingestion rates of free-roaming caribou estimated with fallout caesium-137.,Proceedings of the First International Reindeer and Caribou Symposium,,71-79,1975,Biological Papers of the University of Alaska,"Luick, JR Lent, PC Klein, DR White, RG",,,REINDEER
6538,"Harmon, WH",Notes on mountain goats in the black hills,J. Mammal.,25,149-151,1944,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
686,"Harney, T",Living inside rocks: a study of lichen and algae,Smithsonian Institution Research Reports,32,38113,1981,,,cryptoendolithic Antarctic saxicolous,"2 unnumbered figures. [Brief general account of lichens found inside rocks in the Transatlantic Mountains of Antarctica, an area previously through to be without life.]",SUBSTRATE
18061,"Harper, F.",Plant and animal associations in the interior of the Ungava Peninsula.,"Univ. of Kansas Publs., Mus. Nat. Hist.",,,1964,,,,,ANIMAL
6571,"Harper, KT Marble, JR",A role for nonvascular plants in management of arid and semiarid rangelands.,Vegetation Science Applications for Rangeland Analysis and Management,,135-169,1988,Kluwer Academic Publishers,"Tueller, PT",,,SOIL
8981,"Harper, KT Pendleton, RL",Cyanobacteria and cyanolichens: can they enhance availability of essential minerals for higher plants?,Great Basin Naturalist,53(1),59-72,1993,,,,,ANIMAL
5866,"Harper, SH Letcher, RM","Chemistry of lichen constituents. Part I. Some constituents of Acarospora schleicheri, Buellia rhodesiaca, Caloplaca cinnabarium, Dermatiscum thunbergii, Parmelia kilatata, Parmelia grossewileri, Pertusaria species (L 19), Temnospora fulgens and Usnea im",Proc. Trans. Rhodesian Sci. Assoc.,51,158-184,1966,,,substances,,COMPOUND
5840,"Harris, GP",The ecology of corticolous lichens. II The relationship between physiology and the environment,J. of Ecology,59,441-452,1971,,,physiology light water relations,,PHYS
6635,"Harris,RC",Some Florida Lichens,,,109,1990,"Publ. by the Author, Bronx, N.Y.",,FLORIDA,,
19412,"Hart, JA",The ethnobotany of the northern Cheyenne indians of Montana,Journal of Ethnopharmacology,4,1-55,1981,,,,"pp. 3, 47 only.",HUMAN EAST NORTH AMERICAN PLAINS
8157,"Hart, RH Bissio, J Samuel, MJ Waggoner, JR","Grazing systems, pasture size, and cattle grazing behavior, distribution and gains.",J. Range Manage.,46,81-87,1993,,,,,SOIL
16072,"Hartley, I.R.",House sparrows eating lichen,British Birds,82(10),447-448,1989,,,,,BIRD
3588,"Hawksworth, DL","The variety of fungal-algal symbioses, their evolutionary significance, and the nature of lichens",Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society,96(1),38066,1988,,,symbiosis evolution ascomycetes new taxa Pyrenocollema,"18 figures. 1 table. [""Lichen associations appear to be very ancient and a study of the fungi in them is important to an understanding of ascomycete evolution."" Author proposes a new definition of a lichen: ""A lichen is a stable self-supporting associati",SYMBIOSIS
4172,"Hawksworth, DL",A bibliographic guide to the lichen floras of the world,Lichen Ecology,,437-502,1977,"Academic Press, London",M. R. D. Seaward (ed.),bibliography floras keys,[Many references.],BIBLIO
5356,"Hawksworth, DL",The fungal partner,CRC Handbook of Lichenology. Volume I,,35-38,1988,"CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton",M. Galun (ed.),review mycobiont,1 table. [Brief review of the various divisions of fungi which participate in the lichen symbiosis and other lichen-like associations.],SYMBIOSIS
5358,"Hawksworth, DL","Conidiomata, conidiogenesis, and conidia",CRC Handbook of Lichenology. Volume I,,181-193,1988,"CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton",M. Galun (ed.),conidia conidiomata conidiogenesis mycobiont review,8 figures. 1 table. [Review with 57 references of various types of conidiomata and related structures in lichens.],MORPH
6268,"Hawksworth, DL","Linnaeus, the first report of lichenophagy in psychid moths, and the identity of Lichen candelarius",Lichenologist,23(1),92,1991,,,moths invertebrates lichenophagy Linnaeus,[Insect evidence supports the application of the name to the current usage for Xanthoria candelaria (L.) Th. Fr.],INVERTEBRATE
9626,"Hawksworth, DL",Literature on air pollution and lichens I,Lichenologist,6,122-125,1974,,,air pollution literature air pollution bibliography,[Annotated bilbiography of 40 references.],BIBLIO
1363,"Hawksworth, DL Lawton, RM Martin, PG Stanley-Price, K",Nutritive value of Ramalina duriaei grazed by gazelles in Oman,Lichenolgoist,16,93-94,1984,,,Oman food vertebrates nutrition,1 table. [A first report of grazing by gazelles. Protein content of the lichen was 7.4% but digestible carbohydrate content was 28.7%.],LARGE MAMMAL
5366,"Hawksworth, DL McManus, PM","Lichen recolonization in London under conditions of rapidly falling sulphur dioxide levels, and the concept of zone skipping",Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society,100(2),99-109,1989,,,London air pollution recolonization acid rain ecology British Isles,"3 tables. 3 figures. [""Species returning are those to be expected on the basis of previously-published field correlations with mean winter SO2 levels. Twenty-five species not seen within 16 km of the centre of London on trees or wood during this century ",AIR
6637,"Hawksworth,DL",Coevolution of fungi with algae and cyanobacteria in lichen symbioses,Coevolution of Fungi with Plants and Animals,,125-148,1988,"Academic Press, London, San Diego","Pirozynski,KA/Hawksworth,DL (eds.)",ALGAE ASEXUAL PROPAGULES COEVOLUTION CYANOBACTERIA HAUSTORIA LONGEVITY MUTUALISM NICHE SEXUAL STRATEGIES,3 fig. 1 tab. ,SYMBIOSIS
17699,"Hawksworth,DL",The recent evolution of lichenology: a science for our times,Cryptogamic Botany,4(2),117-129,1994,,,BIODIVERSITY COEVOLUTION LICHENOLOGY REVIEW SYMBIOSIS SYSTEMATICS,,HISTORY
16283,Hayes,"Seasonal variation in mycophagy by the western red-backed vole, Clethrionomys californicus in southwest Oregon.",Northwest Science,60(4),250-257,1986,,,"vole, mycophagy, fecal, rhizopogon",,SMALL MAMMAL
X48,Hays H,The vole that soared,Natural History Magazine,,,1984,,,"vole, long island, great gull",no lichens in text; picture of vole eating Cladonia sp.,SMALL MAMMAL
6543,"Hayward, G",Nest boxes: windows into the trophic dynamics of forest owls,unpubl.,,,,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
8158,"Hayward, GD Hayward, PH",Boreal Owl,The Birds of North America,63,38006,1993,American Ornithologists' Union,Alan Poole,,,BIRD
16020,"Hayward, GD Rosentreter, R",Lichens as nesting material for northern flying squirrels in the northern Rocky Mountains.,J. Mammal.,75(3),663-673,1994,,,,,"ANIMAL, SMALL MAMMAL"
X98,"Hayward, GD/ Rosentreter, R",Lichens as nesting material for northern flying squirrels in the northern Rocky Mountains,Journal of Mammalogy,75(3),663-673. ,1994,,,ANIMALS/ BRYORIA/ EPIPHYTES/ FLYING SQUIRREL/ NEST MATERIALS/ SQUIRREL ,"Fifteen species of arboreal lichens were indentified in 159 nest samples, with three species of Bryoria dominating",SMALL MAMMAL
10055,"Hebert, DM",Wildlife-forestry planning in the coastal forests of Vancouver Island.,"Sitka Black-Tailed Deer: Proceedings of a Conference in Juneau, Alaska",,133-159,1979,USDA Forest Service,O.C. Wallmo and J.W. Schoen,,,LARGE MAMMAL
7485,"Heinrich, B",Kinglets' Realm of Cold,Natural History,102(2),38086,1993,Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,,,,BIRD
6544,"Heinrichs, J",The winged snail darter,J. Forestry,81(4),212-215,1983,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
16060,"Helle, P Helle, T",Arboreal lichens as a resource in winter ecology of mammals and birds.,Aquilo. Series Zoologica,24,59-64,1989,,,,,ANIMAL
5985,"Heller, C",Wild Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska,,,72-74,1971,,,human uses food,pp. 73-75 only.,HUMAN GENERAL
8611,"Hellson JC, M Gadd",Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians,"National Museum of Man Mercury Series, Canadian Ethnology Service",19,,1974,,,,"pp. 76, 113 only",HUMAN
8611,"Hellson JC, M Gadd",Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians,"National Museum of Man Mercury Series, Canadian Ethnology Service",19,,1974,,,,"pp. 76, 113 only",HUMAN EAST NORTH AMERICAN PLAINS
16017,"Hemming, JE Pegau, RE",Caribou Report,,XI,15342,1970,"Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game, Juneau, AK",,,,REINDEER
2536,"Henderson, A Hackett, DJ",Lichen and algal camouflage and dispersal in the psocid nymph Trichadenothecnum fasciatum,Lichenologist,18,199-200,1986,,,invertebrates animals camouflage British Isles dispersal ecology,1 figure. [Observations near Leeds show camouflage material from several corticolous lichens species.],INVERTEBRATE
12676,"Hendrickson, JR Weber, WA",Lichens on Galapagos giant tortoises,Science,144(3635),1463,1964,,,animals Galapagos Islands Ecuador giant tortoises Physcia Dirinaria,"[Physcia picta (Sw.) Nyl. found on the carapace of Geochelone elephantropus (Harlan) is ""believed to be the first reported occurrence of lichens on land animals.""]",ANIMAL
708,"Henriksson, E Pearson, LC",Nitrogen fixation rate and chlorophyll content of the lichen Peltigera canina exposed to sulfur dioxide,American Journal of Botany,68,680-684,1981,,,Peltigera nitrogen fixation SO2 air pollution phycobiont chlorophyll,"3 tables. 1 figure. [""This study has demonstrated that gaseous sulfur dioxide inhibits activities of vital importance to the phycobiont of Peltigera canina. Such inhibition likely interferes with the balance between the algal and fungal partners of the l",NITRO
16094,"Henry, GHR Gunn, A",Recovery of tundra vegetation after overgrazing by caribou in arctic Canada,Arctic,44(1),38-42,1991,,,,,REINDEER
6281,"Henssen, A Titze, A","Auriculora byssomorpha, a tropical lichen with a remarkable developmental morphology",Botanica Acta,103,131-139,1990,,,Auriculora morphology ontogeny Brazil,"32 figures (6 in color). [""The ontogeny of the apothecia is characterized by the repeated formation of new hymenia within the subhymenial layer.  The development of the first hymenium is gymnocarpous but the de novo differentiation of new hymenia, each b",MORPH
18026,"Hesbacher,S Baur,B Baur,A Proksch,P",Sequestration of lichen compounds by three species of terrestrial snail,Journal of Chemical Ecology,21(2),233-246,1995,,,ANTIHERBIVORE PROTECTION FOOD SOURCE GRAZING HERBIVORY INVERTEBRATES SNAILS,"4 fig. 2 tab. [Study of three species of snail which graze on various saxicolous lichens. ""The lichen compounds detected in the soft bodies of the snail species analyzed included the anthraquinone parietin, the depside atranorin, as well as a presumable ",INVERTEBRATE
18048,"Hesbacher,S. Giez, I. Embacher, G. Fiedler, K. Max, W. Trawoger, A. Turk, R. Lange, O. Proksch, P.",Sequestration of lichen compounds by lichen-feeding members of the Arctiidae (Lepidoptera).,Journal of Chemical Ecology,21(12),2079-2089,1995,,,,,INVERTEBRATE
X55,"Hibbs, LD",Food habits of the mountain goat in Colorado,Journal of Mammalogy,48(2),242-248,1967,,,"oreamnos, mountain goat, colorado, food habit, ",,MISC. WILDLIFE
8231,"Hickey,BJ Lumsden,AJ Cole,ALJ Walker,JRL","Antibiotic compounds from New Zealand plants: methyl haematommate, an anti-fungal agent from Stereocaulon ramulosum",New Zealand Natural Sciences,17,49-53,1990,,,ANTIBIOTIC DERMATOPHYTES MEDICINES,"1 tab. [""This compound showed marked antibiotic acitivity against dermatophytic fungi: treated cells showed gross morpholgoical changes and marked differences in their pattern of sterol metabolism.""]",HUMAN PHARMACEUTICAL
731,"Hickmott, M",Lichens on lead,Lichenologist,12,404-406,1980,,,lead British Isles saxicolous growth,[Several species are now known to be able to survive on lead; observations made in England.],SUBSTRATE
734,"Hill, DJ",The growth of lichens with special references to the modelling of circular thalli,Lichenologist,13,265-287,1981,,,growth models crustose foliose,"[""Lichen growth is reviewed in the context of the anatomy of the growth region, thallus morphology of crustose and foliose lichens, phytosynthesis, mathematical models and their application. The Aplin & Hill model is suggested as a basis for more detaile",GROWTH
5942,"Hill, DJ Ahmadjian, V",Relationship between carbohydrate movement and the symbiosis in lichens with green algae,Planta,103,267-277,1972,,,physiology symbiosis carbohydrate,,SYMBIOSIS
5941,"Hill, DJ Smith, DC","Lichen physiology. XII. The ""inhibition technique""",New Phytologist,71,15-30,1972,,,physiology symbiosis carbohydrate,,PHYS
5955,"Hill, DJ Woolhouse, HW",Aspects of the autecology of Xanthoria parietina agg.,Lichenologist,3,207-214,1966,,,taxonomy Xanthoria,,TAXON
8394,"Hinds,JW Hinds,PL",The lichen genus Xanthoria in Maine,Maine Naturalist,1(1),38002,1993,,,MAINE XANTHORIA,"6 fig. 6 maps [Provides a key and descriptions for six species of Xanthoria, with a distribution map and a color photograph for each species.]",TAXON
X33,"Hisamatsu S, Takizawa Y, Abe T",Fallout Pu in the Japanese diet,Health Physics,51(4),479-87,1986,,,"radiation, diet, japan, algae",first page only,RADIATION
6118,"Hjeljord, O",Mountain goat forage and habitat preference in Alaska.,J. Wildl. Manage.,37(3),353-362,1973,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
5897,"Hodgman, TP Bowyer, RT","Winter use of arboreal lichens, Ascomycetes, by white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, in Maine",Canadian Field-Naturalist,99 (3),313-316,1985,,,deer,,LARGE MAMMAL
16015,"Hoefs, M",Productivity and carrying capacity of a subarctic sheep winter range.,Arctic,37(2),141-147,1984,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
4945,"Hoffman, GR","The influence of a paper pulp mill on the ecological distribution of epiphytic cryptogams in the vicinity of Lewiston, Idaho and Clarkson, Washington",Environmen. Pollut.,7,283-301,1974,,,air pollution Idaho Washington epiphytes ecology,4 fig. 3 tab.,AIR
5871,"Hoffman, GR",The accumulation of cesium-137 by cryptogams in a Liriodendron tilipifera forest,Bot. Gaz.,133,107-119,1972,,,radiation,,RADIATION
4204,"Holleman, DF Luick, JR",Lichen species preference by reindeer,Canad. Jour. Zool.,55,1368-1369,1977,,,,,REINDEER
5780,"Holleman, DF Luick, JR White, RG",Lichen intake estimates for reindeer and caribou during winter,J. Wildl. Manage/,43 (1),192-201,1979,,,caribou reindeer intake,,REINDEER
16038,"Holleman, DF, RG White, JR Luick, RO Stephenson",Energy flow through the lichen-caribou-wolf food chain during winter in northern Alaska.,Proc. 2nd Int. Reindeer/Caribou Symp.,Part A,202-206,1980,,,,,REINDEER
7488,"Holloway, PS Alexander, G","Ethnobotany of the Fort Yukon Region, Alaska",Econ. Bot.,44(2),214-225,1990,,,,p. 223 only.,HUMAN NORTHWEST
6091,"Holm, E Rioseco, J",99Tc in the sub-arctic food chain lichen-reindeer-man,J. Environ. Radioactivity,5,343-357,1987,,,,p. 343 only.,GENERAL
16047,"Hone, E",The Present Status of the Muskox in Arctic North America and Greenland,Special Publication of the American Committee for International Wild Life Protection,5,,1934,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
740,"Honegger, R",The ascus apex in lichenized fungi II. The Rhizocarpon-type,Lichenologist,12,157-172,1980,,,TEM ascus morphology Rhizocarpon Lecanorales own bitunicate,"8 figures. [The Rhizocarpon ascus differs from all other types in the Lecanorales. ""It is bitunicate, opening with a slight 'Jack-in-the-box' mechanism."" The Rhizocarpon-type ascus is considered to be the most archaic type in the Lecanorales.]",MORPH
1396,"Honegger, R",Cytological aspects of the triple symbiosis in Peltigera aphthosa,Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory,52,379-391,1982,,,cytology ultrastructure Peltigera symbiosis metabolism review,"20 figures. [Author concludes that further investigations are needed to ""... correlate the data on metabolite exchange with ultrastructural features, and second, to elucidate the still poorly understood phenomena related to recognition and specificity in",SYMBIOSIS
2556,"Honegger, R",Fine structure of different types of symbiotic relationships in lichens,Lichen Physiology and Cell Biology,,287-302,1985,"Plenum Press, New York and London",D. H. Brown (ed.),symbiosis TEM ultrastructure SEM Peltigera Coccomyxa Trebouxia Cladonia Parmelia carbohydrate transfer,"10 figures. [SEM observations and interpretation of symbiotic relationships concentrating on the Peltigera-Nostoc, Peltigera-Coccomyxa, and the lecanoralean-trebouxioid associations. Author also reviews the translocation of water and photosynthates betwe",SYMBIOSIS
7131,"Honegger,R",Fungal evolution: symbiosis and morphogenesis,Symbiosis as a Source of Evolutionary Innovation,,319-340,1991,"The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts","Margulis,L/Fester,R (eds.)",EVOLUTION MORPHOGENESIS SYMBIOSIS,20 fig. [Review of lichen morphogenesis.],EVOL
742,"Hooker, TN",Lobe growth and marginal zonation in crustose lichens,Lichenologist,12,313-323,1980,,,growth Xanthoria Buellia Caloplaca marginal zonation,"11 figures. [Study demonstrates lobe engulfment process in Xanthoria elegans and other growth characteristics. In addition, work with two Buellia species and a Caloplaca show that ""... peripheral concentric zonation does not always correspond to a single",GROWTH
6540,"Hosley, NW Ziebarth, RK",Some winter relations of the white-tailed deer to the forests in north central Massachusetts,Ecology,16,535-553,1935,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
17000,"Houghton, PJ, J Manby",Medicinal plants of the Mapuche,Journal of Ethnopharmacology,13,89-103,1985,,,,,HUMAN LATIN AMERICA
X13,"Howe, RH Jr.",The nomenclature of the genus Usnea,Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club,41,373-79,1914,,,"usnea, taxonomy, synopsis",six plates,TAXON
5852,"Hu, S-y Kong, YC But, PPH",An Enumeration of the Chinese Materia Medica,,,,1980,"The Chinese University Press, Hong Kong",,human medicine,"pp. 32, 59, 101, 102, 112, 118 only.",HUMAN
750,"Huss-Danell, K",The cephalodia and their nitrogenase activity in the lichen Stereocaulon paschale,Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenphysiologie,95,431-440,1979,,,Stereocaulon nitrogenase nitrogen fixation cephalodia,"6 figure. 1 table. [""There was always a reduction in nitrogenase activity when cephalodia were quantitatively excised from the thallus and on average 59% of the activity was retained in the excised cephalodia."" No activity changes were noted when the con",NITRO
5800,"Huss-Danell, K",Nitrogen fixation by Stereocaulon paschale under field conditions,Canad. J. Bot.,55,585-592,1977,,,nitrogen,,NITRO
15695,"Hustich, I",The lichen woodlands in Labrador and their importance as winter pastures for domesticated reindeer,Acta Geogr. [Helsingfors],12(1),17533,1951,,,Labrador Canada reindeer pastures conservation food,4 tab. 18 fig.,REINDEER
7482,"Hyvarinen, M Halonen, P Kauppi, M",Influence of Stand Age and Structure on the Epiphetic Lichen Vegetation in the Middle-Boreal Forests of Finland,Lichenologist,24(2),165-180,1992,,,,,COMMUNITY
1411,"Ingemansson, T Erlandsson, B Mattsson, S",Studies of activation products in the terrestrial environments of three Swedish nuclear power stations,"Environmental Pollution, Series B",5,17-33,1983,,,pollution cobalt heavy metals Sweden nuclear power isotope Cladonia,"3 tables. 5 figures. [Cladonia alpestris is included in the study. ""These studies have shown that the 60Co activity concentration increases substantially with the first rain runoff that reaches the sewage plant, and then falls off rapidly.""]",RADIATION
5396,"Innes, JL",The use of lichens in dating,CRC Handbook of Lichenology. Volume III,,75-91,1988,"CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton",M. Galun (ed.),lichenometry growth dating,"4 tables. 6 figures. [Review with 94 references of lichenometric techniques. ""Lichenometry provides a possible means of obtaining a date for a surface. It is by no means universally applicable. Provided that the technique is applied correctly and with ca",GROWTH
X27,Irvine FR,Bibliography of wild food plants of United States Indians,,,,1959,Smithsonian Institution,"Royal Botanic Gardens, Surrey","bibliography, indian, food",bibliography only,BIBLIO
5788,"Jackson, TA Deller, WD","A comparative study of the role of lichens and ""inorganic"" processes in the chemical weathering of recent Hawaiian lava flows",American J. Science,269,446-466,1970,,,weathering soil lava,,SOIL
18043,"Jahns, H.M.",Growth of lichen thalli.,Bot. J. Linn. Soc.,96,21-29,1988,,,,,MORPH
1425,"Jahns, HM",The cyclic development of mosses and the lichen Baeomyces rufus in an ecosystem,Lichenologist,14,261-265,1982,,,Baeomyces development ecology succession,"11 figures. [""The cushions of different mosses are supplanted by the lichen. After a lifespan of about 3 years the lichen dies off and the location is repossessed by mosses. The vegetative reproduction of the lichen is adapted to this ecological cycle.""]",PLANT
3179,"Jahns, HM",New trends in developmental morphology of the thallus,Progress and Problems in Lichenology in the Eighties,,17-33,1987,"Bibliotheca Lichenologica No. 25. J. Cramer, Berlin-Stuttgart",E. Peveling (ed.),developmental morphology Solorina Cladonia SEM,"35 figures. [Discussion of vegetative reproduction, water relations and interspecific fusions. Illustrations are taken from work on Solorina and Cladonia.]",MORPH
3605,"Jahns, HM","The establishment, individuality and growth of lichen thalli",Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society,96(1),21-29,1988,,,growth establishment development morphology,"[""Aspects of lichen morphology, for example the relation between the bionts, are discussed together with principle ways of scientific interpretation. The importance of single observations is explained. A system of standard steps of development is propose",GROWTH
5405,"Jahns, HM",The lichen thallus,CRC Handbook of Lichenology. Volume I,,95-143,1988,"CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton",M. Galun (ed.),morphology SEM anatomy review,145 figures. [Detailed review of the morphology of lichen thalli illustrated with many SEM photographs and line drawings. Major sections of the review include The Significance of the Lichen Thallus; Principles of Functional Morphology; Phylogeny of the L,MORPH
4231,"James, PW Henssen, A",The morphological and taxonomic significance of cephalodia,Lichenology: Progress and Problems,,27-77,1976,"Academic Press, London","D. H. Brown, D. L. Hawksworth & R. H. Bailey (eds.)",cephalodia chimeras morphology anatomy,9 plates. 5 figures. 2 tables.,MORPH
5872,"Jaworowski, Z",Temporal and geographical distribution of radium D (lead 210),Nature,212,886-889,1966,,,radiation,,RADIATION
5406,"Jenks, JA Leslie, DM Jr.",Effect of lichen and in vitro methodology on digestibility of winter deer diets in Maine.,Canadian Field-Naturalist,102(2),216-220,1988,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
9679,"Jochimsen, M",Does the size of lichen thalli really constitute a valid measure for dating glacial deposits?,Arctic Alpine Res.,5,417-424,1973,,,glacial deposits lichenometry techniques,[No.],GROWTH
6528,"John, E Dale, MRT",Determinants of spatial pattern in saxicolous lichen communities,Lichenologist,23 (3),227-236,1991,,,,,COMMUNITY
5409,"John, EA",An assessment of the role of biotic interactions and dynamic processes in the organization of species in a saxicolous lichen community,Canadian Journal of Botany,67(7),2025-2037,1989,,,Canada Alberta Jasper National Park saxicolous community ecology nearest neighbor analysis succession microhabitats,"4 figures. 10 tables. [Study conducted in Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada. ""The nearest-neighbour analysis reveals fundamental differences in the way crustose and foliose thalli sample their environment; crustose lichens are more likely to have unc",COMMUNITY
X56,"Johnson, DR",The food habits of rodents on rangelands of southern Idaho,Ecology,42(2),407-409,1961,,,"food habits, rodents, idaho, seasonal dieet, stomach contents",,MISC. WILDLIFE
5904,"Johnson, RL",Mountain Goats and Mountain Sheep of Washington,Washington State Game Dept. Biological Bulletin,18,,1983,,,mountain goat sheep animal,p. 35 only.,LARGE MAMMAL
5832,"Johnston, A",Blackfoot Indian utilization of the northwestern Great Plains,Econ. Bot.,24,301-323,1970,,,ethnobotany human uses,"pp. 304-305, 322-324 only.",HUMAN EAST NORTH AMERICAN PLAINS
5410,"Jones, D",Lichens and pedogenesis,CRC Handbook of Lichenology. Volume III,,109-124,1988,"CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton",M. Galun (ed.),pedogenesis soil formation weathering oxalic acid accumulation,"4 figures. [Review of the involvement of lichens in weathering processes. Discussion topics include: Role of Lichen Acids in Biogeochemical Weathering, Role of Oxalic Acid in Biogeochemical Weathering, Plant Succession, Nutrient Accumulation, and Soil De",SOIL
1437,"Jones, D Wilson, MJ McHardy, WJ",Lichen weathering of rock-forming minerals: application of scanning electron microscopy and microprobe analysis,Journal of Microscopy,124,95-104,1981,,,weathering SEM saxicolous mineral structure microprobe analysis,"6 figures. [""A variety of phenomena can be recognized, namely, etching patterns, decomposition features, and secondary products which can be related rto differences in mineral structure and composition.""]",SOIL
762,"Jones, D Wilson, MJ Tait, JM",Weathering of a basalt by Pertusaria corallina,Lichenologist,12,277-289,1980,,,Pertusaria weathering basalt saxicolous labradorite SEM oxalic,"6 figures. [Detailed study using SEM and other techniques. ""Lichen weathering results in extensive etching of the primary rock-forming minerals, particularly labradorite, and in the degredation of the clay minerals to yield a thin ochreous crust of poorl",SOIL
6814,"Jones,CG Shachak,M",Fertilization of the desert soil by rock-eating snails,Nature,346,839-841,1990,,,DESERTS ENDOLITHIC LICHENIVORY NITROGEN SNAILS,2 fig. 1 tab. [Faecal material from snails which ingest limestone rock and endolithic lichens provides an important source of soil nitrogen in the Central Negev Highlands of Israel.],INVERTEBRATE
5863,"Jordan, WP",The internal cephalodia of the genus Lobaria,The Bryologyist,73,669-681,1970,,,cephalodia morphology,,MORPH
5948,"Jordan, WP","Edrudia, and new genus from California (Lichenes: Teloschistace)",Bryologist,83,64-67,1980,,,Edrudia Teloschistaceae,,TAXON
18955,"Juichang,R Freedman,B Coles,C Zwicker,B Hlzbecker,J Chatt,A",Vanadium contamination of lichens and tree foliage in the vicinity of three oil-fired power plants in eastern Canada,Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association,45,461-464,1995,,,AIR POLLUTION CANADA POWER PLANTS VANADIUM,1 fig. 2 tab. ,AIR
4249,"Kallio, S Kallio, P","Nitrogen fixation in lichens at Kevo, North-Finland","Fennoscandian Tundra Ecosystems, Part 1. Plants and Microorganisms",,292-304,1975,"Springer-Verlag, New York",F. E. Wielgolaski (ed.),nitrogen fixation tundra Fennoscandia Finland,5 figures. 3 tables.,NITRO
5779,"Kallio, S Wilkinson, RE",The effects of some herbicides on nitrogenase activity and carbon fixation in two subarctic lichens,Bot. Gaz.,138 (4),468-473,1977,,,herbicide nitrogenase carbon fixation,,TOXIC
1448,"Kappen, L",Lichen oases in hot and cold deserts,Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory,53,325-330,1982,,,desert adaptation ecology review niche,"1 table. 2 figures. [General review concluding that ""... adaptation of lichens to arid environments means in all cases the occupation of a certain ecological niche which is a kind of oasis.""]",COMMUNITY
5425,"Kappen, L",Ecophysiological relationships in different climatic regions,CRC Handbook of Lichenology. Volume II,,37-100,1988,"CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton",M. Galun (ed.),ecophysiology geography photosynthesis adaptations review,"12 tables. 44 figures. [Exhaustive review of ecophysiological topics relating to lichens with special emphasis on non-temperate regions. Article includes a bibliography of 267 references. Major subdivisions of the chapter include: Wet Forest Habitat, Sem",PHYS
5848,"Kappen, L Rogers, RW",Lichens of arid regions,J. Hattori Bot. Lab,53,305-307,1982,,,desert community,,COMMUNITY
17704,"Kappen,L","The lichen, a mutualistic system - some mainly ecophysiological aspects",Cryptogamic Botany,4(2),193-202,1994,,,ENERGY FLUX INTERACTIONS MYCOBIONT-PHOTOBIONT INTERACTIONS NUTRIENT EXCHANGE SYMBIOSIS TROPHIC CLASSES,"5 fig. 2 tab. [Review article, considering the biology and interactions of the bionts in lichens, and the arguments regarding mutualism vs parasitism in the lichen association.]",SYMBIOSIS
6308,"Karnefelt, I",Evidence of a slow evolutionary change in the speciation of lichens,Contributions to Lichenology in Honour of A. Henssen,,291-306,1990,"Bibliotheca Lichenologica. No. 38. J. Cramer, Berlin-Stuttgart",H. M. Jahns (ed.),evolution Teloschistaceae Caloplaca continental drift,"8 figures. [Study of seven major disjunct populations in the Southern Hemisphere and the evolutionary implications of these patterns of distribution.  ""Much evidence speaks for a theory that the isolated populations could have been established after the ",EVOL
5853,"Kauppi, M",The exploitation of Cladonia stellaris in Finland,Lichenologist,11 (1),85-89,1979,,,human Cladina,,HUMAN EUROPE
5867,"Kauranen, P Miettinen, JK",210Po and 210Pb in the arctic food chain and the natural radiation exposure of Lapps,Health Physics,16,287-295,1969,,,radiation food chain Lapps reindeer,,RADIATION
5987,"Kavasch, B",Native Harvests: Recipes and Botanicals of the North American Indians,,,,1979,,,ethnobotany human uses food,recipe for Cetraria islandica,HUMAN GENERAL
5996,"Kawagoe, S",The market fungi of Japan,Br. Mycol. Soc. Trans.,10,201-206,1925,,,human uses Japan food,p. 206 only,HUMAN ASIA
X57,"Keith, JO",The Alberta squirrel and its dependence on ponderosa pine,Ecology,46(1-2),150-163,1965,,,"albert squirrel, ponderosa pine, range, nest, gestation",,MISC. WILDLIFE
6565,"Kelsall, JP",The Migratory Barren-Ground Caribou of Canada,,,340,1968,Canadian Wildlife Service,,,,REINDEER
1453,"Kershaw, KA",The thermal operating-environment of a lichen,Lichenologist,15,191-207,1983,,,thermal environment temperature physiology photosynthesis,"10 figures. [""It is concluded that the thermal environment of a lichen largely interacts physiologically with the thermal tolerance limits of the dry thallus on one hand and the temperature optimum of net photosynthesis on the other.""]",PHYS
2602,"Kershaw, KA",Physiological Ecology of Lichens,,,293,1985,"Cambridge University Press, Cambridge",,physiology ecology own water relations photosynthesis respiration nitrogen fixation review,174 figures. 7 tables. [Detailed review of physiological ecology with the following chapter headings: (1) The Lichen Environment: Temperature (2) The Lichen Environment: Moisture (3) The Lichen Environment: Ionic Criteria (4) Nitrogen Fixation in Lichens,NITRO
4961,"Kershaw, KA",Studies on lichen-dominated systems. XII. The ecological significance of thallus color,Canad. Jour. Bot.,53,660-667,1975,,,color morphology ecology adaptation,7 fig.,PHYS
5841,"Kershaw, KA",The role of lichens in boreal tundra transition areas,The Bryologist,8 (12),294-306,1978,,,boreal tundra community,,COMMUNITY
5873,"Kershaw, KA",Physiological Ecology of Lichens. Ch. 2. The lichen environment: moisture.,,,30-59,1985,"Cambridge University Press, Cambridge",,water relations physiology,174 figures. 7 tables. [Detailed review of physiological ecology with the following chapter headings: (1) The Lichen Environment: Temperature (2) The Lichen Environment: Moisture (3) The Lichen Environment: Ionic Criteria (4) Nitrogen Fixation in Lichens,PHYS
5874,"Kershaw, KA",Physiological Ecology of Lichens. Ch. 3. The lichen environment: ionic criteria,,,60-101,1985,"Cambridge University Press, Cambridge",,physiology mineral,174 figures. 7 tables. [Detailed review of physiological ecology with the following chapter headings: (1) The Lichen Environment: Temperature (2) The Lichen Environment: Moisture (3) The Lichen Environment: Ionic Criteria (4) Nitrogen Fixation in Lichens,PHYS
5940,"Kershaw, KA Dzikowski, PA",Physiological-environmental interactions in lichens. VI. Nitrogenase activity in Peltigera polydactyla after a period of dessication,New Phytologist,79,417-421,1977,,,physiology nitrogen dessication,,PHYS
4274,"Kershaw, KA MacFarlance, JD Tysiaczny, MJ",Physiological-environmental interactions in lichens. V. The interaction of temperature with nitrogenase activity in the dark,New Phytologist,79,409-416,1977,,,nitrogenase nitrogen fixation Peltigera temperature physiology enzymes,6 figures.,PHYS
5979,"Kershaw, KA Millbank, JW",A controlled environment lichen growth chamber,Lichenologist,4,83-87,1969,,,growth culture physiology,,PHYS
6045,"Kershaw, KA Millbank, JW",Nitrogen metabolism in lichens. II. The partition of cephalodial-fixed nitrogen between the mycobiont and phycobionts of Petligera aphthosa,New Phytologist,69,75-79,1970,,,,,PHYS
5922,"Kershw, KA",Studies on lichen-dominated systems. XX. An examination of some aspects of the northern boreal woodlands in Canada,Can. J. Bot.,55,393-410,1977,,,community ecology Cladina Stereocaulon,,COMMUNITY
X118,"Kim, KE Chung","Biodiversity, conservation and inventory: why insects matter",Biodiversity and Conservation,2,191-214,1993,,,,,INVERTEBRATE
9443,"King, DG",The distribution and habitat of caribou in the mountains east of Prince George.,Caribou Research and Management in British Columbia; Proceedings of a Workshop,,27-,1985,"B.C. Ministry of Forests, Publ. WHR-27",Rick Page,,,REINDEER
18050,"Kirkpatrick, C.",unpublished letter (Yunan snub-nosed monkey),,,,1995,,,,4 separate 1-page correspondences.,LARGE MAMMAL
X87,"Kirkpatrick, RC",Ecology and behavior in snub-nosed and douc langurs,In: The natural history of the doucs and snub-nosed monkeys,,155-190,1998,"World Scientific, London","Jablonski, NG",,,SMALL MAMMAL
784,"Klappa, CF",Lichen stromatolites: criterion for subaerial exposure and a mechanism for the formation of laminar calcretes (caliche),Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,49,387-400,1979,,,stromatolites saxicolous weathering dating colonization succession,"5 figures. [""The petrographic studies reveal that saxicolous (rock substrate) lichens cause characteristic textural and fabric changes of the colonized substrate."" Thus recognizing these lichen stromatolites can aid workers who wish to delineate former l",HUMAN GENERAL
1458,"Klein, DR","Fire, lichens, and caribou",Journal of Range Management,35,390-395,1982,,,grazing caribou fire taiga ecology animals,"1 figure. [""I conclude that, when viewed on a short-term basis of 50 years or less, fire may destroy lichens and other forage, thus reducing the taiga's potential to support caribou. Over the long-time periods of a century or more, fire appears essential",REINDEER
5790,"Klein, DR","The introduction, increase, and crash of reindeer on St. Matthew Island",J. Wildlife Management,32,350-367,1968,,,reindeer animal population,,REINDEER
16040,"Klein, DR",Range ecology and management- progress made and directions for the future.,Proc. 2nd Int. Reindeer/Caribou Symp.,Part A,,1980,,,,,REINDEER
16041,"Klein, DR",Comparative ecological and behavioral adaptations of Ovibos moschatus and Rangifer tarandus.,Rangifer,12(2),47-55,1992,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
16054,"Klein, DR Vlasova, TJ","Lichens, a unique forage resource threatened by air pollution.",Rangifer,12(1),21-27,1992,,,,,AIR
X80,"Klein, DR, C Bay","Foraging dyna,ics of muskoxen in Peary Land, northern Greenland",Holarctic Ecology,13,269-280,1990,,,,"pp. 269, 275, 277 only",LARGE MAMMAL
5806,"Kleiner, EF Harper, KT",Environment and community organization in Canyonlands National Park,Ecology,53,299-309,1972,,,nitrogen soil crust,,NITRO
X10,Knops JMH,The cyanolichens: are they a biological curiosity or an important part of ecosystem nutrient cycling?,none,na,1-7,unknown,Arizona State University,,"nitrogen, cyanolichens, distribution, biomass, metabolism, n2 methods",,NITRO
X11,Knops JMH,The cyanolichens: how important are they in the ecosystem nutrient cycle?,none,na,1-4,unknown,Arizona State University,,"nitrogen, cyanolichens, distribution, biomass, metabolism, n2 methods",,NITRO
X12,"Knops JMH, Nash TH III, Schlesinger WH",The influence of epiphytic lichens on the annual nutrient cycling and on atmospheric deposition of nutrients in an ecosystem,none,na,1,unknown,unknown,,"epiphytic lichens, blue oak, quercus douglasii, california, ramalina menziesii, throughfall, nitrogen",abstract only,NITRO
6533,"Knops, JMH Nash III, TH Boucher, VL Schlesinger, WH",Mineral cycling and epiphytic lichens: implications at the ecosystem level,Lichenologist,23 (3),309-321,1991,,,,,ENV
6312,"Kohlmeyer, J Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, B","Halographis (Opegraphales), a new endolithic lichenoid from corals and snails",Can. J. Bot.,66(6),1138-1141,1988,,,Halographis new taxa marine Opegraphales invertebrates Belize Central America,"7 figures. [""Halographis runica Kohlm. et Volkmann-Kohlm. gen. et sp. nov. is described from submerged snails (Vasum muricatum) and coral slabs in Belize (Central America).  The ascomycete is loosely associated with cyanobacteria (Chroococcales).  This i",INVERTEBRATE
3214,"Koide, R",The Biology of Symbiosis,The Bryologist,90(2),197,1987,"Edward Arnold, Baltimore. 1987",D. C. Smith & A. E. Douglas,review symbiosis,,SYMBIOSIS
12267,"Kok, A",A short history of the orchil dyes,Lichenologist,3,248-272,1966,,,uses dyes orchil history,1 fig.,HUMAN DYE
6003,"Kokwaro, JO",Medicinal Plants of East Africa,,,10,1976,"East African Literature Bureau, Lampala, Nairobi, Dar es Salaam",,Usnea human uses ethnobotany Africa,p.10 only.,HUMAN AFRICA
18153,"Krajick,K",The secret life of backyard trees,Discover,16(11),92-101,1995,,,CANOPY FORESTS OLD GROWTH FORESTS PACIFIC NORTHWEST,"12 color photos [Popular article about recent progress made in the study of numerous canopy organisms. Includes lichens, in particular those of the coniferous forest of the Pacific Northwest.]",ENV
5825,"Kristinsson, H",Studies on lichen colonization in Surtsey 1970,Surtsey Research Society (?),6,77,1971 (?),,,volcano Surtsey colonization growth,,GROWTH
8972,"Krochmal, A. Krochmal, C.",The Complete Illustrated Book of Dyes from Natural Sources,,,,1974,Doubleday & Co.,,,,HUMAN DYE
6058,"Kufeld, RC",Foods eaten by the Rocky Mountain elk.,J. Range Mgmt.,29,106-113,1973,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
6554,"Kufeld, RC Wallmo, OC Feddema, C",Foods of the Rocky Mountain Mule Deer,,,31PP,1973,USDA Forest Service Research Paper RM-111,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
8780,"Kuhnlein, HV Turner, NJ",Traditional Plant Foods of Canadian Indigenous Peoples,,,,1991,Gordon and Breach Science Publishers,,,"pp. 10-11, 31-39, 487-512 only.",HUMAN NORTHWEST
805,"Kunkel, G",Microhabitat and structural variation in the Aspicilia desertorum group (lichenized Ascomycetes),American Journal of Botany,67,1137-1144,1980,,,Aspicilia morphology Colorado variation Lecanora,"14 figures. 1 table. [Study of crustose and fruticose forms of this species from western Colorado showed that "" ... for single populations, microenvironmental variation in substrate, temperature, light intensity and water availability is directly related",MORPH
5974,"Kurokawa, S",Results of isolation and culture of lichen fungi and algae,Journ. Jap. Bot.,46 (10),297-302,1971,,,culture mycobiont,,CULTURE
4311,"Kushnir, E Galun, M",The fungus-alaga association in endolithic lichens,Lichenologist,9,123-130,1977,,,symbiosis endolithic saxicolous TEM ultrastructure,10 figures.,SYMBIOSIS
2032,"Kwapulinski, J Seaward, MRD Bylinska, EA",Uptake of 226radium and 228radium by the lichen genus Umbilicaria,Science of the Total Environment,41,135-141,1985,,,Poland own Umbilicaria isotopes heavy metals uptake radium,"FIRST PAGE ONLY. 3 figures. 1 table. [""The 226Ra and 228Ra content of the lichens Umbilicaria cylindrica, U. deusta, U. murina, and U. hirsuta has been determined as a function of the growth altitude above sea level, based on data derived fr",RADIATION
2033,"Kwapulinski, J Seaward, MRD Bylinska, EA","137Caesium content of Umbilicaria species, with particular reference to altitude",Science of the Total Environment,41,125-133,1985,,,caesium heavy metals isotopes Poland Umbilicaria own elevation,"FIRST PAGE ONLY. 4 figures. 1 table. [Study was conducted in southwest Poland using Umbilicaria cylindrica, U. deusta, U. hirsuta and U. murina. ""The data assembled are interpreted graphically and formulae derived to show the influence of ",RADIATION
18869,"Ladd,D",Checklist and Bibliography of Missouri Lichens,,,92,1996,"Natural History Series, No. 4, Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City",,CHECKLIST MISSOURI,"[Lists 436 taxa in 145 genera, and includes a lengthy bibliography, of which 177 make specific reference to Missouri lichens.]",
5809,"Lane, M",The magic years of Beatrix Potter,,,,1978,"Frederic Warne, London",,history Beatrix Potter,,HISTORY
822,"Lang, GE Reiners, WA Pike, LH",Structure and biomass dynamics of epiphytic lichen communities of balsam fir forests in New Hampshire,Ecology,61,541-550,1980,,,biomass ecology New Hampshire epiphyte,"6 figures. 4 tables. [Study conducted on Mt. Moosilauke included changes in species composition, cover, biomass, and elemental pools in space and time for lichens on Abies balsamea. Thirty-three species of lichens are recorded. ""Epiphytic lichens contrib",BIOMASS
3636,"Lange, OL Green, TGA Ziegler, H",Water status related photosynthesis and carbon isotope discrimination in species of the lichen genus Pseudocyphellaria with green or blue-green photobionts and in photosymbiodemes,Oecologia [Berlin],75,494-501,1988,,,Pseudocyphellaria water relations photosynthesis isotopes photobionts photosymbiodemes,"4 tables. 2 figures. [""Green lichens have been shown to attain positive net photosynthesis in the presence of water vapour while blue-green lichens require liquid water.... The behaviour is confirmed not only for species with differing photobionts in the",PHYS
1481,"Lange, OL Tenhunen, JD",Water relations and photosynthesis of desert lichens,Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory,53,309-313,1982,,,photosynthesis water relations desert Ramalina adaptations,"5 figures. [Presents data for Ramalina maciformis and concludes that ""... the ability of lichens to utilize sources of water other than rainfall is particularly decisive for their success in inhabiting this kind of arid region.""]",PHYS
X84,"Lange, OL, SC Hahn, A Meyer","Upland tundra in the foothills of the Brooks Range, Alaska, USA: lichen long-term photosynthetic CO2 uptake and net carbon gain",Arctic and Alpine Reasearch,30 (3),252-261,1998,,,,,PHYS
16320,"LaPerriere, AJ Lent, PC",Caribou feeding sites in relation to snow characteristics in northeastern Alaska.,Arctic,30,101-108,1977,,,,,REINDEER
827,"Larson, DW",Differential wetting in some lichens and mosses: the role of morphology,The Bryologist,84,38001,1981,,,water relations physiology Umbilicaria differential wetting morphology rhizines isidia,"10 figures. 3 tables. [""The results show that rhizines play a major role in water relations of some species, but not in all. Apothecia in Umbilicaria muhlenbergii have no role in wateruptake, nor do the surface papules of U. papulosa or the surface isidi",MORPH
4338,"Larson, DW Kershaw, KA",Studies on lichen-dominated systems. XVIII. Morphological control of evaporation in lichens,Canad. Jour. Bot.,54,2061-2073,1976,,,evaporation morphology water relations,"6 figures. 4 tables. [""... experiments designed to test for any passive morphological conteol of evaporation in four lichen species show that such mechanisms are important to the water relations of the plants and thus suggest that the observed morphologi",MORPH
2628,"Larson, DW Matthes-Sears, U Nash, TH"", III",The ecology of Ramalina menziesii. II. Variation in water relations and tensile strength across an inland gradient,Canadian Journal of Botany,64,38148,1986,,,ecology water relations populations California tensile strength gradients morphology adaptations,"4 figures. 2 tables. [Authors found that ""... the presence of elevated intrathallus concentrations of NaCl found near the coast is mainly responsible for the small differences in wetting and drying characteristics. It further implies that the morphologic",PHYS
2629,"Larson, DW Matthes-Sears, U Nash, TH"", III",The ecology of Ramalina menziesii. I. Geographical variation in form,Canadian Journal of Botany,63,2062-2068,1986,,,ecology populations Ramalina morphology gradients California Oregon Mexico,"2 tables. 6 figures. [Morphological variation in Ramalina menziesii from Baja California to British Columbia especially regarding the number of perforations present in 15 mm long net buds. ""When this measure was plotted against distance inland and latitu",MORPH
16014,"Larter, N",Larter studies dynamics of bison population and its associated plant community.,Information North,16(4),38114,1990,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
5783,"Laundon, JR",Lichen communities destroyed by psocids,Lichenologist,5,177,1971,,,psocids invertebrates grazing food animals,,INVERTEBRATE
831,"Lawrey, JD",Correlations between lichen secondary chemistry and grazing activity by Pallifera varia,The Bryologist,83,328-334,1980,,,chemistry herbivore invertebrates slugs stictic protocetraric feeding habits Virginia own,"4 tables. [Feeding habits of the slug were investigated in Shenanoah National Park. ""Slugs apparently do not feed on those lichen species most frequently encountered in the community. Rather, they appear to make food choices that are based at least in pa",INVERTEBRATE
834,"Lawrey, JD",Calcium accumulation by lichens and transfer to lichen herbivores,Mycologia,72,586-594,1980,,,calcium accumulation herbivore Xanthoparmelia mite collembola Maryland animals invertebrates lead,1 table. 3 figures. [Calcium accumulated by Xanthoparmelia conspersa growing in a polluted site is transferred to two orbatid mites but not a collembolan. Calcium was detected using energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis techniques. Lead was also accumula,INVERTEBRATE
2053,"Lawrey, JD",Biology of Lichenized Fungi,,,244-245,1984,"Praeger Publishers, New York",,textbook biology general,###############################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################,INVERTEBRATE
2635,"Lawrey, JD",Biological role of lichen substances.,The Bryologist,89,111-122,1986,,,,,ENV
3242,"Lawrey, JD",Nutritional ecology of lichen/moss arthropods,"Nutritional Ecology of Insects, Mites, and Spiders",,209-233,1987,"John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York",F. Slansky & J. G. Rodriguez (eds.),nutrition feeding animals herbivores invertebrates,3 figures. 6 tables. [Review of herbivory on lichens and mosses by various arthropod groups with many references.],ANIMAL
3242,"Lawrey, JD",Nutritional ecology of lichen/moss arthropods,"Nutritional Ecology of Insects, Mites, and Spiders",,209-233,1987,"John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York",F. Slansky & J. G. Rodriguez (eds.),nutrition feeding animals herbivores invertebrates,3 figures. 6 tables. [Review of herbivory on lichens and mosses by various arthropod groups with many references.],INVERTEBRATE
4344,"Lawrey, JD",Inhibition of moss spore germination by acetone extracts of terricolous Cladonia species,Bull. Torrey Bot. Club,104,49-52,1977,,,ecology allelopathy Cladonia bryophytes mosses spores germination,1 table.,PLANT
6526,"Lawrey, JD",Biotic interactions in lichen community development: a review,Lichenologist,23 (3),205-214,1991,,,,,COMMUNITY
6560,"Lawrey, JD",The species-area curve as an index of disturbance in saxicolous lichen communities,Bryologist,94(4),377-382,1991,,,,,COMMUNITY
835,"Lawrey, JD Hale, ME"", Jr",Retrospective study of lichen lead accumulation in the northeastern United States,The Bryologist,84,449-456,1981,,,lead accumulation heavy metal Pseudoparmelia Xanthoparmelia Cladina Maryland pollution,"3 tables. [Analyses of Pseudoparmelia baltimorensis, Xanthoparmelia conspersa and Cladina subtenuis showed that pollution for automobile exhaust has increased lead accumulation levels, especially at Plumers Island, Maryland. ""These values are the highest",METAL
17729,"Legg,CJ Maltby,E Proctor,MCF",The ecology of severe moorland fire on the North York Moors: seed distribution and seedling establishment of Calluna vulgaris,Journal of Ecology,80(4),737-752,1992,,,ALLELOPATHY ECOLOGY MOORLAND SEED GERMINATION TERRICOLOUS,"2 fig. 9 tab. [Various aspects of seed germination and seedling establishment were studied, including the effect of some terricolous lichens. ""The crustose lichens Lecidea granulosa and L. uliginosa and several species of algae form a near-ubiquitous fil",SOIL
8950,"Leighton, AL",Wild plant use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan,"Nat. Mus. of Man, Mercury Series, Can. Ethnol. Serv.",101,,1985,,,,pp. 18-20 only.,HUMAN
8950,"Leighton, AL",Wild plant use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan,"Nat. Mus. of Man, Mercury Series, Can. Ethnol. Serv.",101,,1985,,,,pp. 18-20 only.,HUMAN EAST NORTH AMERICAN PLAINS
2643,"Lemaistre, V",Influence of automobile exhaust and lead on the oxygen exchange of two lichens measured by a new oxygen electrode method,Lichen Physiology and Cell Biology,,173-183,1985,"Plenum Press, New York and London",D. H. Brown (ed.),air pollution lead technique oxygen electrode Cladonia Parmelia,"7 figures. 2 tables. [Studies of physiological effects of lead on Cladonia portentosa and Parmelia caperata from France. ""The experiments presented here demonstrate that a threshold of Pb toxicity exists in P. caperata ... but no such threshold has been ",AIR
18049,"Lesher, R.",unpublished personal communication,,,,1996,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
6559,"Lesica, P McCune, B Cooper, SV Hong, WS","Differences in lichen and bryophyte communities between old-growth and managed second-growth forests in the Swan Valley, Montana",Can. J. Bot.,69,1745-1755,1991,,,,,COMMUNITY
5835,"Levey, M",The Medical Formulary of Aqrabadhin of Al-Kindi,,,,1966,Univ. of Wisconsin Press,,human uses medicine ethnobotany,"pp. x-xi, 36-37, 164-165, 232-233, 278-279",HUMAN GENERAL
5834,"Levey, M Al-Khaledy, N",The Medical Formulary of Al-Samarqandi,,,,,"University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia",,human uses medicine,"pp. 13-17, 194-195 only.",HUMAN GENERAL
6547,"Li, CY Maser, C Maser, Z Caldwell, BA",Role of three rodents in forest nitrogen fixation in western Oregon: another aspect of mammal-mycorrhizal fungus-tree mutualism,Great Basin Naturalist,46(3),411-414,1986,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
5989,"Lindley, J",Nedical and Oeconmical Botany,,,18-21,1849,"Bradbury and Evans, London",,human uses,pp. 18-21 only.,HUMAN EUROPE
5924,"Lindsay, DC",The role of lichens in antarctic ecosystems,Bryologist,81 (2),268-276,1978,,,Antarctic ecosystem,,ENV
5952,"Lindsay, WL",A Popular History of British Lichens,,,,1856,"Lovell Reeve, London",,general history,"pp. 1-31, 76-95 only.",HUMAN GENERAL
5896,"Linsdale, JM Tomich, PQ",A Herd of Mule Deer,,,,1953,Univ. of Calif. Press,,mule deer large mammal animal,,LARGE MAMMAL
X3,"Llano, G.A.","I. Mackenzie Lamb, D.Sc. (Elke Mackenzie)",The Bryologist,94,315-320,1991,,,"mackenzie, stereocaulon, transsexual, biography",,MISC
5830,"Llano, GA",Economic uses of lichens,Econ. Bot.,2,15-45,1948,,,human uses,,HUMAN GENERAL
5999,"Llano, GA",Utilization of lichens in the arctic and subarctic,Econ. Bot.,10,367-392,1956,,,human uses arctic ethnobotany subartcic,,ANIMAL
5999,"Llano, GA",Utilization of lichens in the arctic and subarctic,Econ. Bot.,10,367-392,1956,,,human uses arctic ethnobotany subartcic,,HUMAN GENERAL
6006,"Llano, GA",Economic uses of lichens,Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst.,,385-422,1951,,,human uses,,HUMAN GENERAL
5829,"Llano, GAP",Lichens: their biological and economic signifcance,The Botanical Review,10 (1),1-65,1944,,,human uses,,HUMAN GENERAL
1498,"Llimona, X",Lichens of the arid Mediterranean area of North Africa,Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory,53,345-349,1982,,,Mediterranean arid desert general Africa,[General overview.],COMMUNITY
5487,"Lokar, LC Poldini, L",Herbal remedies in the traditional medicine of the Venezia Giulia Region (North East Italy),Journal of Ethnopharmacology,22,231-278,1988,,,enthopharmacology Italy medicine,1 multi-page table. 1 figure. [Inhabitants use 181 local plant species for treating various illnesses.  The only lichen species used is Cetraria islandica.],HUMAN EUROPE
6534,"Longhurst, WM Connolly, GE Browning, BM","Food interrelationships of deer and sheep in parts of Mendocino and Lake Counties, California.",Hilgardia,47,191-247,1979,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
8011,"Longton,RE",The role of bryophytes and lichens in terrestrial ecosystems. in: Bryophytes and Lichens in a Changing Environment,,,32-76,1992,"Clarendon Press, Oxford","Bates,JW/Farmer,AM (eds.)",BOREAL FORESTS DECOMPOSITION HERBIVORY LICHEN PARASITES MIRES NITROGEN FIXATION NUTRIENT CYCLING NUTRIENT RELEASE POLAR STRATEGIES SUCCESSION TEMPERATE FORESTS TROPICAL FORESTS TUNDRA,4 fig. 2 tab. ,ENV
2648,"Looney, JHH Kershaw, KA Nieboer, E Webber, C Stetsko, PI",The distribution of uranium and companion elements in lichen heath associated with undisturbed uranium deposits in the Canadian arctic,Lichen Physiology and Cell Biology,,193-209,1985,"Plenum Press, New York and London",D. H. Brown (ed.),Canada arctic uranium accumulation Cetraria Dactylina cesium radioisotopes fallout,"6 figures. 3 tables. [Samples of Dactylina arctica, Cetraria cucullata and C. nivalis from N.W.T., Canada, were analyzed prior to uranium mining. ""We propose therefore, on the basis of the strong association of 137Cs with Fe, Ti and U, that this radioiso",METAL
3256,"Looney, JHH Webber, CE Nieboer, E Stetsko, PI Kershaw, KA",Interrelationships between concentrations of 137Cs and various stable elements in three lichen species,Health Physics,50,148-152,1986,,,137Cs radionuclides Canada Northwest Territories Dactylina Cetraria heavy metals,"first page only. 2 figures. 2 tables. [Studies were conducted in the Northwest Territories, Canada, with Cetraria nivalis, C. cucullata, and Dactylina arctica. ""It is suggested that C. nivalis in particular and also D. arc",RADIATION
5491,"Lorch, J",The true nature of lichens -- a historical survey,CRC Handbook of Lichenology. Volume I,,11749,1988,"CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton",M. Galun (ed.),history symbiosis morphology,[Exhaustive review of the concepts of the lichen leading to the discovery of the dual nature of the lichen-forming fungi. Many references.],HISTORY
8863,"Lucas, JM, H Carter",Indian harvest; wild food plants of America,,,118,1945,"Lippincott, Philadelphia",,,p. 54-55 only.,HUMAN GENERAL
5794,"Lundstrom, H Henningsson, B",The effect of ten lichens on the growth of wood-destroying fungi,Material unt Organismen,8,233-246,1973,,,fungicide fungi substances,,PLANT
17786,"Lutzoni,F Vilgalys,R","Omphalina (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) as a model system for the study of coevolution in lichens",Cryptogamic Botany,5(1),71-81,1995,,,BASIDIOLICHENS BOTRYDINA CORISCIUM DNA EVOLUTION MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OMPHALINA RIBOSOMAL RNA RNA SYMBIOSIS,"3 fig. 4 tab. [""As a first step toward subsequent studies on coadaptation and molecular genetics, phylogenetic relationships were examined among lichenized and nonlichenized Omphalina using morphological, anatomical, and DNA sequence data."" Among other f",SYMBIOSIS
1502,"MacCracken, JG Alexander, LE Ursek, DW",An important lichen of southeastern Montana rangelands,Journal of Range Management,36,35-37,1983,,,Montana Parmelia Xanthoparmelia soil stabilization ecology nutrient cycling,"1 table. 1 figure. [Parmelia chlorochroa was ""... significantly associated with drier sites and bare ground. Lichens appear to have a value in reducing erosion, as indicators of intensive grazing, and contributing to the nutrient quality of soils.""]",SOIL
1503,"MacFarlane, JD Kershaw, KA","Physiological-environmental interactions in lichens, XIV. The environmental control of glucose movement from alga to fungus in Peltigera polydactyla, P. rufescens and Collema furfuraceum",New Phytologist,91,93-101,1982,,,glucose carbohydrate transfer Peltigera Collema physiology water relations,"5 figures. 2 tables. [Although temperature does not have an effect, thallus hydration shows a positive correlation with transfer rates in Peltigera polydactyla. The other two taxa have more constant rates even to very low levels of hydration.]",PHYS
5939,"MacFarlane, JD Kershaw, KA","Physiological-environmental interactions in lichens. IV. Seasonal changes in the nitrogenase activity of Peltigera canina (L.) Willd var praetextata (Floerke in Somm.) Hue, and P. canina (L.) Willd var. rufescens (Weiss) Mudd",New Phytologist,79,403-408,1977,,,physiology nitorgen fixation,,PHYS
4374,"MacFarlane, JD Maikawa, E Kershaw, KA Oaks, A",Environmental-physiological interactions in lichens. I. The interaction of light/dark periods and nitrogenase activity in Peltigera polydactyla,New Phytologist,77,705-711,1976,,,ecophysiology Peltigera nitrogenase nitrogen fixation photoperiod,5 figures. [Nitrogenase activity declines sharply when the lichen is darkened.],PHYS
X45,"MacKenzie, D",The rad-dosed reindeer,New Scientist,1539,37-40,1986,,,"caribou, radiation, chernobyl",first page only,REINDEER
5951,"Macmillan, H",First Forms of Vegetation,,,,1874,"Macmillan and Co., London",,general history,pp. 90-191 only.,HUMAN GENERAL
4377,"Maikawa, E Kershaw, KA","Studies on lichen-dominated ecosystems. XIX. The postfire recovery sequence of black spruce-lichen woodland in the Abitau Lake Region, N. W. T",Canad. Jour. Bot.,54,2679-2687,1976,,,Canada fire ecology succession Northwest Territories,9 figures. 2 tables.,COMMUNITY
X81,"Manseau, M, J Huot, M Crete",Effects of summer grazing by caribou on composition and productivity of vegetation: community and landscape level,Journal of Ecology,84,503-513,1996,,,"herbivory, overgrazing, plant-animal interaction, ungulate, rangifer tarandus",,LARGE MAMMAL
16087,"Marcum, CL",Summer-Fall food habits and forage preferences of a Western Montana elk herd,"North American Elk: Ecology, Behavior, and Management",,54-62,1980,Univ. of Wyoming,M.S. Boyce & L.D. Hayden-Wing,,,LARGE MAMMAL
5938,"Margulis, L",Symbiosis as parasexuality,Cellular Interactions in Symbiosis and Parasitism,,263-272,1980,"Ohio State Univ. Press, Columbus","Cook, CB Pappas, PW Rudolph, ED",symbiosis,,SYMBIOSIS
7125,"Margulis,L",Symbiogenesis and symbionticism,Symbiosis as a Source of Evolutionary Innovation,,38000,1991,"The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts","Margulis,L/Fester,R (eds.)",SYMBIOSIS,2 tab. [Includes a discussion and outline of the various types and degrees of symbiosis; lichens are briefly discussed.],SYMBIOSIS
5892,"Martell, AM",Food habits of southern red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapperi) in northern Ontario,Canad. Field-Naturalist,95 (3),325-328,1981,,,red-backed vole,,SMALL MAMMAL
6536,"Martell, AM Macaulay, AL",Food habits of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) in northern Onterio,Canadian Field-Naturalist,95 (3),319-324,1981,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
1511,"Marti, J",Sensitivity of lichen phycobionts to dissolved air pollutants,Canadian Journal of Botany,61,1647-1653,1983,,,air pollution phycobiont culture sulfite nitrite sulfate nitrate growth sensitivity,"6 tables. 2 figures. [Cultured phycobionts from many species were exposed to aqueous solutions of either sulfite, nitrite, sulfate or nitrate. Phycobionts were distinctly sensitive to nitrite and sulfite as was expected based on whole thallus data. ""In s",AIR
5995,"Martin, W Child, J",Lichens of New Zealand,,,21-24,1972,"A.H. & A.W. Reed, Ltd., Wellington",,human uses,pp. 20-25 only. ,HUMAN GENERAL
4385,"Marton, K Galun, M",In vitro dissociation and reassociation of the symbionts of the lichen Heppia echinulata,Protoplasma,87,135-143,1976,,,symbiosis growth physiology reassociation Heppia,20 figures.,CULTURE
5890,"Maser, C",The Redesigned Forest,,,24-59,1988,"R. & E. Miles, San Pedro, CA",,northern flying squirrel Bryoria,,SMALL MAMMAL
5891,"Maser, C Maser, Z","Mycophagy of red-backed voles, Clethrionomys californicus and C. Gapperi",Great Basin Naturalist,48 (2),269-273,1988,,,red-backed vole,,SMALL MAMMAL
5887,"Maser, C Maser, Z Witt, JW Hunt, G",The northern flying squirrel: a mycophagist in southwestern Oregon.,Canad. J. Zool.,64,2086-2089,1986,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
5894,"Maser, C Mate, BR Franklin, JF Dyrness, CT",Natural History of Oregon Coast Mammals,,,,1981,"USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Experiment Station, General Tech. Rep. PNW-133",,northern flying squirrel woodrat red-backed vole Townsend vole chipmunk shrew mole small mammal,,SMALL MAMMAL
X58,"Maser, C, JM Trappe, RA Nussbaum",Fungal-small mammal interrelationships with emphasis on Oregon coniferous forests,Ecology,59(4),799-809,1978,,,"symbiosis, mycorrhizal fungi, epigeous, dispersal, mycophagy, small mammal",,MISC. WILDLIFE
X59,"Maser, Z",Notes on mycophagy of the yellow-pine chipmunk (Eutamius amoenus) in northeastern Oregon,The Murrelet,68,24-27,1987,,,"mycophagy, chipmunk, yellow pine",p. 24 only,MISC. WILDLIFE
5888,"Maser, Z Maser, C Trappe, JM",Food habits of the northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) in Oregon,Can. J. Zool.,63,1085-1088,1985,,,northern flying squirrel Usnea Bryoria,,SMALL MAMMAL
2663,"Matthes-Sears, U Nash, TH"", III",The ecology of Ramalina menziesii. V. Estimation of gross carbon gain and thallus hydration source from diurnal measurements and climatic data,Canadian Journal of Botany,64,1698-1702,1986,,,populations ecology Ramalina water relations carbon gain photosynthesis California,"3 tables. 2 figures. [Experiments support the new hypothesis that the reticulations in growth form of Ramalina menziesii are not adaptations for more effiecient water absorption. ""Water vapor uptake accounts for only an estimated 11% of gross annual carb",PHYS
3655,"Matthes-Sears, U Nash, TH"", III Larson, DW","The ecology of Ramalina menziesii. VI. Laboratory responses of net CO2 exchange to moisture, temperature, and light",Canadian Journal of Botany,65,182-191,1987,,,photosynthesis Ramalina ecophysiology CO2 exchange California,"(part 2) [of real growth rates in the field, such as salt exposure, canopy type, and the duration of wetting.""]",PHYS
2664,"Matthes-Sears, U Nash, TH"", III Larson,DW",The ecology of Ramalina menziesii. IV. In situ photosynthetic patterns and water relations of reciprocal trnsplants between two sites on a coastal-inland gradient,Canadian Journal of Botany,64,1183-1187,1986,,,ecology Ramalina California water relations photosynthesis transplants growth populations gradients,"1 table. 4 figures. [""The comparison showed that thallus water content of the two morphological forms was not significantly different when atmospheric humidity was low. In a humid atmosphere, however, the coastal samples maintained a slightly higher hydr",PHYS
2665,"Matthes-Sears, U Nash, TH"", III Larson,DW",The ecology of Ramalina menziesii. III. In situ diurnal field measurements at two sites on a coast-inland gradient,Canadian Journal of Botany,64,988-996,1986,,,ecology Ramalina California water relations photosynthesis CO2 fixation growth populations gradients,"1 table. 3 figures. [CO2 uptake and water content were studied at sites in California. ""At the inland site, CO2 fixation was concentrated in the rainy winter season and very little CO2 fixation took place during the hot summers. In contrast, fog and high",PHYS
4391,"McCarthy, PM Healy, JA",Dispersal of lichen propagules by slugs,Lichenologist,10,131-132,1978,,,slugs animals dispersal invertebrates soredia isidia,,INVERTEBRATE
16364,"McCartney, NG","Lichens from three archaeological sites, Somerset Island, N.W.T., Canada.",Bryologist,81(4),610-613,1978,,,,,COMMUNITY
X94,"McCune, B",Biogeography of rare lichens from the coast of Oregon,In:Conservation and Management of Native Plants and Fungi,,234-241,1997,"Native Plant Society of Oregon, Corvallis","Kaye, TN/Liston, A/Love, RM/Luoma, DL/Meinke, RJ/Wilson, MV",BIOGEOGRAPHY/ COASTAL/ DISPERSAL/ DISPERSAL STRATEGIES/ OREGON/ PACIFIC NORTHWEST/ PROPAGULES/ WESTERN NORTH AMERICA ,"Notes on rare species, with description of their biogeographic affinities. New to North America: Acarospora subrufula",CONSERVE
863,"McCune, B Antos, JA","Diversity relationships of forest layers in the Swan Valley, Montana",Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club,108,354-361,1981,,,Montana ecology diversity epiphyte,"1 figure. 1 table. [""Based on their size alone, we would expect the bryoid and epiphyte groups to show frequent gains and losses in species through time. Although our data do not allow an answer to this question because of methodological contraints, oppo",COMMUNITY
X88,"McCune, B, R Rosentreter","Macrolichens from Priest River Experimental Forest, Idaho",Evansia,15(1),37-42,1998,,,,,TAXON
X30,"McCune,B",Lichens of bald or rocky mountaintops in the Coast Ranges of Oregon,none,,,1993,self,,"alpine, rocky, oregon, coast range",list of 146 lichens,LIST
16329,"McEwan, EH Whitehead, PE",Seasonal changes in energy and nitrogen intake in reindeer and caribou.,Can. J. Zool.,48,905-913,1970,,,,,REINDEER
5886,"McKeever, S",Food of the northern flying squirrel in northeastern California.,J. Mammal.,41(2),270-271,1960,,,,pp. 270-271 only.,SMALL MAMMAL
16012,"McKendrick, JD",Responses of arctic tundra to intensive muskox grazing,Agroborealis,Jan.,49-55,1981,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
5950,"McKinley, D Ratcliffe, B",Lichens -- mirror to the universe,Audubon,NOVEMBER,44-55,1970,,,general photo,,GENERAL
X99,"McLean, J/ Purvis, OW/ Williamson, BJ/ Bailey, EH",Role for lichen melanins in uranium remediation,Nature,391(6668),649-650,1998,,,TRAPELIA/ URANIUM/ URANIUM REMEDIATION ,"Study of Trapelia involuta found growing directly on secondary uranium minerals (metazeunerite and metatorbernite) on uraniferous spoil heaps in England. ""X-ray element maps for uranium across transverse sections through the lichen-rock interface show uranium accumulation principally within the outer fruiting body (apothecia) walls of the lichen compared with their interior",PHYS
2674,"Meininger, CA Uetz, GW Snider, JA","Variation in epiphytic microcommunities (tardigrade-lichen-bryophyte assemblages) of the Cincinnati, Ohio area",Urban Ecology,9,45-61,1985,,,Ohio tardigrades ecology animals invertebrates air pollution,"5 figures. 5 tables. [""Variation in the frequency of occurrence of tardigrade species indicates differential tolerances to aspects of climate altered by urbanization. Tardigrade species richness is greatest in high-humidity, 'clean air' sites."" Twenty-tw",INVERTEBRATE
6570,"Menke, JW Fry, ME","Trends in oak utilization--fuelwood, mast production, animal use.","Symposium on the Ecology, Management, and Utilization of California Oaks, Claremont, CA",,297-305,1979,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
X28,Merriam CH,Indian names for plants and animals,,,,1979,unknown,,"bibliography,indian, plants, animals",,BIBLIO
1528,"Millbank, JW","The assessment of nitrogen fixation and throughput by lichens. III. Losses of nitrogenous compounds by Peltigera membranacea, P. polydactyla and Lobaria pulmonaria in simulated rainfall episodes",New Phytologist,92,229-234,1982,,,throughput nitrogen fixation Peltigera Lobaria 15N2 water relations ecology physiology,"4 tables. [""From the level of 15N labelling of eluates, it was evident that recently fixed nitrogen was released, the inorganic fraction (NH4+) being up to three times more heavily labelled than the organic. Up to three times the total nitrogen fixed per",NITRO
1530,"Millbank, JW",The assessment of nitrogen fixation and throughput by lichens. I. The use of a controlled environment chamber to relate acetylene reduction estimates to nitrogen fixation,New Phytologist,89,647-655,1981,,,nitrogen fixation throughput technique acetylene reduction Peltigera Lobaria ecology physiology,"4 tables. [Studies were done on Peltigera membranacea, P. polydactyla, and Loabria pulmonaria using special environmental chambers. ""Empirical factors have been derived to relate short term rates of acetylene reduction to long term rates of N2 incorporat",NITRO
2675,"Millbank, JW",Nitrogen losses from diazotrophic lichens,Lichen Physiology and Cell Biology,,161-172,1985,"Plenum Press, New York and London",D. H. Brown (ed.),nitrogen diazotrophic Peltigera Stereocaulon British Isles Scotland ecology leaching production,"3 tables. [Studies in Scotland and in the laboratory using Peltigera membranacea. ""Assuming a 10% area coverage by the lichen, the supply of combined nitrogen by leaching from the thalli during the wet months ... amounted to approximately 50 g ha-1 month",NITRO
4396,"Millbank, JW",Aspects of nitrogen metabolism in lichens,Lichenology: Progress and Problems,,441-455,1976,"Academic Press, London","D. H. Brown, D. L. Hawksworth & R. H. Bailey (eds.)",nitrogen metabolism physiology review nitrogen fixation,3 figures. 1 plate. 4 tables.,NITRO
4995,"Millbank, JW",Nitrogen metabolism in lichens. V. The forms of nitrogen released by the blue-green phycobiont in Peltigera spp,New Phytologist,73,1171-1181,1974,,,Peltigera nitrogen metabolism phycobiont cyanobiont algae,3 fig. 2 tab.,NITRO
5805,"Millbank, JW",Nitrogen metabolism in lichens IV: the nitrogenase activity of the Nostoc phycobiont in Peltigera canina,New Phytologist,71,37996,1972,,,nitrogen,,NITRO
3284,"Millbank, JW Olsen, JD","The assessment of nitrogen fixation and throughput by lichens. IV. Nitrogen losses from Peltigera membranacea (Ach.) Nyl. in autumn, winter and spring",New Phytologist,104,643-651,1986,,,throughput ecology nitrogen fixation Peltigera leaching,"1 figure. 4 tables. [Controlled environment study showed that "" ... mosses derive direct nutritional benefit from nitrogen compounds leached from the lichen thalli, but due to simultaneous nitrogen-fixing activity by epiphytes strictly quantitative estim",NITRO
16039,"Miller, DR",Wildfire effects on barren-ground caribou wintering on the taiga of northcentral Canada: a reassessment.,Proc. 2nd Int. Reindeer/Caribou Symp.,Part A,84-98,1980,,,,,REINDEER
5914,"Miller, FL",Caribou,Wild Mammals of North America,,923-959,1982,Johns Hopkins Univ. Press,"Chapman, JA Feldhamer, GA",caribou,,REINDEER
6566,"Mitchell, GJ Smoliak, S",Pronghorn antelope range characteristics and food habits in Alberta.,J. Wildl. Manage.,35(2),238-250,1971,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
19408,Moerman,Ethnobotany of native America,unknown,,,,unknown,,,4pp. Of 1-4-line entries on native american uses of lichens. 1.5pp. Of bibliography.,HUMAN GENERAL
8955,"Moerman, DF","American Medical Ethnobotany, a Reference Dictionary",,,,1977,New York,,,BIBLIOGRAPHY ONLY,BIBLIO
5833,"Moldenke, HN Moldenke, AL",Plants of the Bible,,,,1952,"Chronica Botanica Company, Waltham, MA",,human uses Bible,,HUMAN FOOD
11833,"Monastersky, R.",The edicaran enigma; were the oldest animals actually lichens?,Science News,148,28-30,1995,,,,,EVOL
6375,"Moore, PD Egan, RS",Are lichens edible?,Evansia,8(1),38244,1991,,,food humans edibility history,"[Authors conclude that ""Athough, it is frequently said that lichens are edible `in general,' a much more reasonable statement is: `in general, lichens are not edible.'""]",HUMAN GENERAL
5882,"Morquer, R. Touvet, A.",Pathologie vegetale,C. R. Acad. Sc. Paris,274,1038-1042,1972,,,allelopathy,,PLANT
5994,"Mors, WB",Useful Plants of Brazil,,,57,1966,"Holden-Day, Inc., San Francisco",,human uses dye Brazil,,HUMAN LATIN AMERICA
6563,"Moser, TJ Nash III, TH Thompson, JW","Lichens of Anaktuvuk Pass, Alaska, with emphasis on the impact of caribou grazing.",Bryologist,82(3),393-408,1979,,,,,REINDEER
1535,"Moser, TJ Nash, TH"", III Link, SO",Dirunal gross photosynthetic patterns and potential seasonal CO2 assimilation in Cladonia stellaris and Cladonia rangiferina,Canadian Journal of Botany,61,642-655,1983,,,photosynthesis Cladonia Alaska water relations ecology physiology tundra arctic,"15 figures. 2 tables. [Studies carried out at Anaktuvuk Pass, Alaska, concluded that ""... photosynthetic activity in both species closely paralleled atmospheric moisture status, where peak photosynthetic rates were attained during or following sporatic s",PHYS
17002,"Moskalenko, SA",Preliminary screening of far-eastern ethnomedicinal plants for antibacterial activity,Journal of Ethnopharmacology,15,231-259,1986,,,antibacterial antibiotic chemistry medicine,,HUMAN ASIA
16021,"Mowrey, RA Zasada, JC",Den tree use and movements of northern flying squirrels in interior Alaska and implications for forest management.,"Proc. Symp. Amer. Inst. Fishery Research Biologists ""Fish and wildlife relationships in old-growth forests""",,351-356,1984,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
874,"Moxham, TH",Lichens in the purfume industry,Dragoco Report,1981,31-39,1981,,,perfume conservation air pollution,1 table. 3 figures. Several unnumbered photographs. [General account with special concern for possibility of over-collecting certain key species and the deleterious effects of air pollution.],HUMAN PERFUME
876,"Moxham, TH",Lichens and perfume manufacture,British Lichen Society Bulletin,47,37988,1980,,,perfume uses,1 figure. [Brief general article on the present status of this use of lichens.],HUMAN PERFUME
6050,"Moxham, TH",Lichens and perfume manufacture,British Lichen Society Bulletin,47,37988,1980,,,,,HUMAN
8974,"Muir, DCG et.al.",Patterns of accumulation of airborne organochlorine contaminants in lichens from the Upper Great Lakes Region of Ontario,Environ. Sci. Technol.,27,1201-10,1993,,,,,AIR
8937,"Murdock, N",Proposed endangered status for Gymnoderma lineare,U.S. Federal Register,58,68623-7,1993,,,,,CONSERVE
X75,"Murdock, NA, K Langdon",Recovery plan for rock gnome lichen (Gymnoderma lineare) (Evans) Yoshimura and Sharp,,,30,1997,"US Fish & Wildlife Service, Atlanta, GA",,,"color plates, tables, worksheets.",BOOK
16069,Murie OJ,The Elk of North America,,,,1951,Stackpole & Co.,,,pp.234-237 only.,LARGE MAMMAL
X17,Nadkarni NM,Epiphyte biomass and nutrient capital of a neotropical elfin forest,Biotropica,16(4),249-256,1984,,,,,BIOMASS
6569,"Nadkarni,KM",Indian Materia Medica,,1,922,1976,Popular Prakashan Private Ltd.,A.K. Nadkarni,,,HUMAN ASIA
5964,"Nakano, H Komiya, T Shibata, S",Anthraquinones of the lichens of Xanthoria and Caloplaca and their cultivated mycobionts,Phytochemistry,11,3505-3508,1972,,,substance Xanthoria Caloplaca,,COMPOUND
4424,"Nash, TH III",Lichens as indicators of air pollution,Naturwissenschaften,63,364-367,1976,,,air pollution review,1 figure. [Review with 64 references.],AIR
2108,"Nash, TH"" III Sigal, L",Ecological approaches to use of lichenized fungi as indicators of air pollution,The Fungal Community: Its Organization and Role in the Ecosystem,,481-497,1981,,D. T. Wicklow & G. C. Carroll (eds.),air pollution own California ecology review tolerance,"6 figures. [""In areas where pollution sources have existed for a number of years, distinct patterns reflecting differential sensitivity to the pollutants are apparent on the basis of species richness considerations. Thus sensitive species are excluded fr",AIR
5001,"Nash, TH"", III",Influence of effluents from a zinc factory on lichens,Ecol. Monogr.,45,183-198,1975,,,pollution zinc smelter Pennsylvania effluents community ecology,"11 fig. 6 tab. [""Lichen species richness and abundance are reduced by approximately 90% in lichen communities near a zinc smelter at Lehigh Water Gap in comparison with the lichen communities of Delaware Water Gap,"" in Pennsylvania.]",METAL
1541,"Nash, TH"", III Moser, TJ",Vegetational and physiological paterns of lichens in North American deserts,Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory,53,331-336,1982,,,deserts water relations ecophysiology review North America,1 table. [General review comparing interior desert regions with Pacific coastal desert regions.],COMMUNITY
885,"Nash, TH"", III Sommerfeld, MR","Elemental concentrations in lichens in the area of the Four Corners Power Plant, New Mexico",Environmental and Experimental Botany,21,153-162,1981,,,New Mexico heavy metals air pollution fly ash fluorine,"3 tables. 1 figure. [""Within a several kilometre radius of the Four Corners Power Plant, lichen species had elevated concentrations of B, F, Li and Se compared with lichens of more remote sites. The elements Ba, Cu, Mn and Mo were found in elevated conce",AIR
7515,"Naslund, NL Kuletz, KJ Marks, DK Cody, M","Epiphytes at marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) nests, Naked Island, Prince William Sound, Alaska",unpublished report,,,199,"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, AK",,,mosses and lichens in murrelet nests,BIRD
X7,"Nátr L, Watson BT, Weatherley PE","Glucose  absorption, carbohydrate accumulation, presence of starch, and rate of phtosynthesis in barley leaf segments",Ann. Bot.,38,589-595,1974,,,"physiology, glucose, starch, photosynthesis, metabolism",,PHYS
8651,"Neitlich, P.",personal communication (red squirrel),,,,,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
X96,"Neitlich, PN/ McCune, B",Hotspots of epiphytic lichen diversity in two young managed forests,Conservation Biology,11(1),172-182,1997,,,DIVERSITY/ FOREST MANAGEMENT/ OLD GROWTH FORESTS/ OREGON/ WOLF TREES ,"Understanding within-stand variation in diversity of epiphytes will provide an improved basis for producing timber while conserving biological diversity. Two 80-ha, 50-year-old managed stands of conifers were surveyed to locate 0.4 ha putative 'diversity' plots, the areas appearing most diverse in lichen epiphytes. These plots were generally located in areas made heterogeneous by canopy gaps, wolf trees (trees with large-diameter lower brances), and old-growth remnant trees. 'Matrix' plots, in contrast, were chosen at random from the remaining, more homogeneous forest",CONSERVE
X109,"Nelson, MC, I Svanberg",Lichens as food,In: Svenska Linnesallskapeti Arsshfift,,7-51,1987,,,,,HUMAN FOOD
8804,"Niblack, AP",The coast Indians of S Alaska & N Brit Col,,,,,,,,p. 320 only.,HUMAN GENERAL
16016,"Nichols, L",Sheep Report,,XV,38008,1974,"Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game, Juneau, AK",,,,LARGE MAMMAL
5847,"Nieboer, E Richardson, DHS Tommassini, FD",Mineral uptake and release by lichens: an overview,The Bryologist,8 (12),226-246,1978,,,physiology mineral translocation,,PHYS
X92,"Nilsson, SG/ Arup, U/ Baranowski, R/ Ekman, S",Tree-dependent lichens and beetles as indicators in conservation forests,Conservation Biology,9(5),1208-1215,1995,,,CONSERVATION/ FORESTS/ OLD GROWTH FORESTS ,,INVERTEBRATE
6527,"Nimis, PL",Developments in lichen community studies,Lichenologist,23 (3),215-225,1991,,,,,COMMUNITY
X76,"Noble, WJ",The lichens of the coastal Douglas-fir dry subzone of British Columbia,,,,,"Ph.D. thesis, University of British Columbia, Vancouver",,,Part II reprinted and updated in 1997.,BOOK
17005,"Novaretti, R, D Lemordant",Plants in the traditional medicine of the Ubaye Valley,Journal of Ethnopharmacology,30,1-34,1990,,,"traditional medicine, Ubaye valley, alps, theraputical pastoral civilization",,HUMAN EUROPE
X49,"Nuttall, D.",correspondence,,,,1997,,,"olive-headed weaver, tropical, old man's beard, clerc",three correspondences,BIRD
X71,"Oberg, K",The social economy of the Tlingit indians,Amer. Ethn. Soc.,Monograph 55,,,,,,"pp. 15, 70, 107, 119 only.",HUMAN NORTHWEST
5819,"Oberwinkler, F",Die gattungen der basidiolichenen,Dtsch. Bot. Ges. Neue Folge,4,139-169,1970,,,basidiolichen,,BASIDIO
X21,O'Clair R,Demonstration: post-glacial succession,none,na,1-13,1990,,,,student paper,GROWTH
6020,"O'Clery C, Van Geldern, G",How Lapland is paying the price,"The Irish Times, ""Weekend"" supplement",SEPT. 13,1986,1986,,,radiation fallout Chernobyl Lapland,,RADIATION
6523,"Oksanen, J Laara, E Zobel, K",Statistical analysis of bioindicator value of epiphytic lichens,Lichenologist,23 (2),167-180,1991,,,,first page only,AIR
16280,"Olson, ST",The life and times of the black-tailed deer in southeast Alaska.,"Sitka Black-Tailed Deer: Proceedings of a Conference in Juneau, Alaska",,160-168,1979,USDA Forest Service,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
8705,"Osgood, C.",The ethnography of the Tanaina,,,,1937,Yale U. Press,,,"pp. 50, 60, 63, 65-66, 71, 161 only.",HUMAN GENERAL
1554,"Osorio, HS","Contribution to the lichen flora of Uruguay XVII. The scientific name of the ""Yerba de la Piedra""",Phytologia,52,217-220,1982,,,Uruguay Usnea,"[""The saxicolous Usnea with the vernacular name of ""Yerba de la Piedra"" (Stone Grass) is erroneously identified as Usnea hieronymi Kremp. in several publications and herbarium specimens. The acurate name for this plant is Usnea densirostra Tayl.""]",HUMAN LATIN AMERICA
16031,"Oswalt, WH",A Western Eskimo Ethnobotany,Anthropological Papers of the Univ. of Alaska,6(1),16-36,1957,,,,,HUMAN NORTHWEST
3306,"Ott, S",The juvenile development of lichen thalli from vegetative diaspores,Symbiosis,3,57-74,1987,,,symbiosis development vegetative diaspores juvenile soredia Hypogymnia Physcia Parmelia,"36 figures. [SEM study using Parmelia sulcata, Hypogymnia physodes, and Physcia tenella. ""Three lichen species were cultivated from soredia to the mature thallus in their natural habitat. The courses of development were similar; however, the individual s",GROWTH
3307,"Ott, S",Reproductive strategies in lichens,Progress and Problems in Lichenology in the Eighties,,81-93,1987,"Bibliotheca Lichenologica No. 25. J. Cramer, Berlin-Stuttgart",E. Peveling (ed.),reproduction Xanthoria Pseudotrebouxia strategies mycobiont,"18 figures (6 in color). [Study on the life cycle of Xanthoria parietina. ""The mechanisms show that sexual reproduction and relichenization in lichens can be an effective process and not a disadvantage.""]",GROWTH
2703,"Pakarinen, P",Mineral element accumulation in bog lichens,Lichen Physiology and Cell Biology,,185-192,1985,"Plenum Press, New York and London",D. H. Brown (ed.),mineral accumulation bogs Finland Cladina Hypogymnia,"2 tables. 1 figure. [Study conducted on Cladina species in Finland. ""Of the elements studied, N, P, and K show, in their distribution patterns and retention rates, strong indication of active uptake while, particularly in reindeer lichens, the retention ",AIR
6000,"Palmer, E",Food Products of the North American Indians,USDA Annual Report,,404-428,1870,,,ethnobotany human uses food,pp. 424-425 only.,HUMAN NORTHWEST
8706,"Palmer, E.",Plants used by the Indians of the United States.,Amer. Nat.,12,"593-606,646-656",1878,,,,pp. 654-655 only.,HUMAN SOUTHWEST
8707,"Palmer, G.",Shuswap Indian ethnobotany,Syesis,8,29-81,1975,,,,pp. 46-48 only.,HUMAN NORTHWEST
16011,"Palmer, LJ",Food requirements of some Alaskan game mammals.,J. Mammal.,25,49-54,1944,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
16043,"Palo, RT","Usnic acid, a secondary metabolite of lichens and its effect on in vitro digestibility in reindeer.",Rangifer,13(1),39-43,1993,,,,,REINDEER
5529,"Papastefanou, C Manolopoulou, M Sawidis, T",Lichens and mosses: biological monitors of radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl reactor accident,Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,9,199-207,1989,,,Chernobyl USSR fallout radioactivity biomonitors air pollution cesium,"first page only. 1 figure. 2 tables. [Study concentrated on levels of 137Cs in a number of different macrolichen species.  ""The present data set supports the view that these nonvascular plants can be useful biological monitors of radioa",RADIATION
16048,"Parker, GR",The diets of muskoxen and Peary caribou on some islands in the Canadian high arctic.,Canadian Wildlife Service Occasional Paper,35,21,1978,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
18045,"Parlevliet, J.E.",Coevolution of host resistance and pathogen virulence: possible implications for taxonomy.,Coevolution and Systematics (Systematics Assoc. Special Vol. No. 32),ch. 2,19-34,1986,Clarendon Press,A.R. Stone and D.L. Hawksworth,,,EVOL
16279,"Parmelee, DF",Breeding behavior of the sanderling in the Canadian high arctic,Living Bird,9,97-146,1970,,,,,BIRD
5782,"Peake, JF James, PW",Liches and molluca,Lichenologist,3,428-428,1967,,,slug snail dispersal substrate grazing,,INVERTEBRATE
16013,"Pearce, CM",Mapping muskox habitat in the Canadian high arctic with SPOT satellite data.,Arctic,44(supp.1),49-57,1991,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
5775,"Pearson, LC",Air pollution and lichen physiology: progress and problems.,Air Pollution and Lichens,,224-237,1973,Univ. of Toronto Press,"Ferry, BW Baddeley, MS Hawksworth, DL",air pollution physiology,,AIR
5978,"Pearson, LC",Varying enviornmental factors in order to grow intact lichens under laboratory conditions,Amer. J. Bot.,57 (6),659-664,1970,,,growth physiology culture,,CULTURE
4494,"Pearson, LC Benson, S",Laboratory growth experiments with lichens based on distribution in nature,The Bryologist,80,317-327,1977,,,distribution lab experiments ecology geography,4 figures. 2 tables.,CULTURE
16008,"Pegau, Re",Caribou Report,,XV,37993,1974,"Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game, Juneau, AK",,,,REINDEER
16095,"Pegau, RE","Growth rates of important reindeer forage lichens on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska",Arctic,21 (4),,1968,,,,,REINDEER
16007,"Pegau, RE Bos, GN",Caribou Report,,XIII,38005,1972,"Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game, Juneau, AK",,,,REINDEER
16009,"Pegau, RE Bos, GN Neiland, KA",Caribou Report,,XIV,15342,1973,"Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game, Juneau, AK",,,,REINDEER
7486,"Pennington, CW",The Tarahumar of Mexico,,,,1963,Univ of Utah Press,,,"pp. 149-151, 192-193, 210-211 only.",HUMAN SOUTHWEST
7487,"Pennington, CW",The Tepehuan of Chihuahua,,,,1969,Univ. of Utah Press,,,"pp. 188, 346, 361 only.",HUMAN SOUTHWEST
5824,"Pentecost, A Fletcher, A",Tufa: an interesting lichen substrate,Lichenologist,6,100-101,1974,,,substrate tufa,,SUBSTRATE
2708,"Pentecost, A Rose, F","Changes in the cryptogam flora of the Wealden sandrocks, 1688-1984",Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society,90,217-230,1985,,,British Isles history Wealden sandrocks saxicolous air pollution trampling ecology,"2 tables. 3 figures. [A total of 264 species, including 90 lichens, was recorded of which 18 lichens have not been found recently. ""Air pollution, changes in the microclimate brought about by invasion of trees and shrubs and trampling appear to be the ma",CONSERVE
16268,"Perrin, MR","Seasonal variation in the growth, body composition, and diet of Clethrionomys gapperi in spruce forest.",Acta Theriologica,"24, 23",299-318,1979,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
924,"Person, SJ Pegau, RE Whire, RG Luick, JR",In viro and nylon-bag digestibilities of reindeer and caribou forages,Journal of Wildlife Management,44,613-622,1980,,,reindeer caribou digestion technique,3 tables. [Digestibility of 12 lichen species was highly variable and was higher in the nylon-bag test system than in vitro.],REINDEER
16272,"Person, SJ White, RG Luick, JR",In vitro digestibility of forages utilized by Rangifer tarandus.,Proceedings of the First International Reindeer and Caribou Symposium,,251-256,1975,Biological Papers of the University of Alaska,"Luick, JR Lent, PC Klein, DR White, RG",,,REINDEER
5901,"Peterson, RL",North American Moose,,,,1955,University of Toronto Press,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
18054,"Pettersson, R.B. Ball, J.B. Renhorn, K. Esseen, P. Sjoberg, K.",Invertebrate communities in boreal forest canopies as influenced by forestry and lichens with implications for passerine birds.,Biological Conservation,74,57-63,1995,Elsevier,,,,INVERTEBRATE
7389,"Pfeiffer,HN Barclay-Estrup,P","The use of a single lichen species, Hypogymnia physodes, as an indicator of air quality in northwestern Ontario",The Bryologist,95(1),38-41,1992,,,AIR POLLUTION BIOINDICATION ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS,1 fig. 2 tab. [Elemental analyses pollution study at 26 sites around the city of Thunder Bay.],AIR
5963,"Piattelli, M Giudici de Nicola, M",Anthraquinone pigments from Xanthoria parietina (L.),Phytochemistry,7,1183-1187,1968,,,Xanthoria substance,,COMPOUND
5965,"Piattelli, M Giudici de Nicola, M",Produzione di antrachinoni nel lichene Xanthoria parietina e in colture pure di Xanthoriomyces parietinae,Ric. Sci.,38 (9),850-854,1968,,,Xanthoria substance,"copy of published article in Italian, and edited typewritten ms. in english",COMPOUND
5792,"Pike, LH",Lichens and bryophytes of a Willamette Valley Oak Forest,Northwest Science,47 (3),149-158,1973,,,community,,COMMUNITY
5793,"Pike, LH",The importance of epiphytic lichens in mineral cycling,The Bryologist,81 (2),247-257,1978,,,nitrogen minerals,,NITRO
5949,"Pike, LH",Tholurna dissimilis in Oregon,Bryologist,75,578-580,1972,,,Tholurna,,TAXON
4506,"Pike, LH Denison, WC Tracy, DM Sherwood, MA Rhodes, FM",Floristic survey of epiphytic lichens and bryophytes growing on old-growth conifers in western Oregon,The Bryologist,78,389-402,1975,,,Oregon ecology vertical zonation douglas fir epiphytes,7 fig. 1 tab. [74 lichens; vertical zonation on trees.],COMMUNITY
4507,"Pike, LH Rydell, RA Denison, WC","A 400-year-old Douglas fir tree and its epiphytes: biomass, surface area, and their distribution",Canad. Jour. For. Res.,7,680-699,1977,,,biomass Douglas fir epiphytes Oregon surface area ecology,8 figures. 9 tables. [Includes lichens.],BIOMASS
5797,"Pike, LH Tracy, DM Sherwood, MA Nielsen, D",Estimates of biomass and fixed nitrogen form old-growth Douglas-fir,Proceedings -- Research on Coniferous Forest Ecosystems,,177-187,1972,"USDA Forest Service, Portland OR","Frankln, JF Dempster, LJ Waring, RH",biomass nitrogen,,NITRO
5815,"Plummer, GL","Observations on lichens, graite rock outcrops and acid rain",Georgia J. Sci.,38,201-202,1980,,,acid rain,,ACID RAIN
3321,"Poelt, J",On reductions of morphological structures in lichens,Progress and Problems in Lichenology in the Eighties,,35-45,1987,"Bibliotheca Lichenologica No. 25. J. Cramer, Berlin-Stuttgart",E. Peveling (ed.),morphology reduction anatomy review parasites rhizomorphs evolution,"2 plates. [Reductions discussed include: rhizines, rhizomorphs, lower cortex, excipular structures, paraphyses, spore number and others.]",MORPH
7651,"Poelt,J",Homologies and analogies in the evolution of lichens,Frontiers in Mycology,,85-97,1991,"CAB International, Wallingford","Hawksworth,DL (ed.)",ANALOGOUS ASCOMATA CHEMICAL EVOLUTION CONIDIA EVOLUTION GROWTH FORM HOMOLOGOUS PYCNIDIA THALLUS ANATOMY,"6 fig. [""The problems homologous and analogous characters present in understanding the evolution of lichens are discussed with particular reference to lecideine ascomata, thallus anatomy and morphology, asexual diaspores, pycnidia and conidia, secondary ",EVOL
940,"Porter, SC",Lichenometric studies in the Cascade Range of Washington: establishment of Rhizocarpon geographicum growth curves at Mount Rainier,Arctic and Alpine Research,13,38314,1981,,,Rhizocarpon Washington lichenometry growth,"4 tables. 4 figures. [""Comparative data from other Northern Hemisphere sites suggest that (1) R. geographicum growth curves are broadly similar in shape and show an exponential decrease in growth rate during the first century or two after an initial ""gre",GROWTH
X79,"Post, E, DR Klein",Caribou calf production and seasonal range quality during a population decline,J Wild Manage,63(1),335-345,unknown,,,"Alaska, caribou productivity, foraging, ecology, lichens, population limitation",,LARGE MAMMAL
5851,"Poucher, WA","Perfumes, Cosmetics & Soaps",,,,1936,"D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc. New York",,perfume human uses,,HUMAN PERFUME
5817,"Prance, GT",Ethnobotanical notes from Amazonian Brazil,Econ. Bot.,26 (3),221-,1972,,,ethnobotany human uses snuff,,HUMAN LATIN AMERICA
X85,"Prinzing, A, HP Wirtz","The epiphytic lichen Evernia prunastri L., as a habitat for arthropods: shelter from desiccation, food limitation and indirect mutualism",In: Canopy Arthropods,,477-494,1997,"Chapman & Hall, London","Stork, NE, J Adis, RK Didham",,,INVERTEBRATE
X90,"Prinzing, A, HP Wirtz",Spatial and temporal use of microhabitats as a key atrategy for the colonization of tree bark by Entomobrya nivalis L. (Collembola: Entomobryidae),In: Canopy Arthropods,,453-476,1997,"Chapman & Hall, London","Stork, NE, J Adis, RK Didham",,,INVERTEBRATE
X91,"Prinzing, AJ","Wind-acclimated thallus morphogenesis in a lichen (Evernia prunastri, Parmeliaceae) probably favored by grazing disturbances",Am. J. Bot.,86(2),173-183,1999,,,"ecomorphology, Evernia, growth form, lichenophagy, microclimate, morphogenesis, plant-animal mutualism, disturbance",,MORPH
5811,"Pruett-Jones, M Pruett-Jones, S",The bowerbird's labor of love,Natural History,SEPTEMBER,49-55,1983,,,animal bowerbird,,BIRD
6120,"Prussia, CM Killingbeck, KT","Concentrations of ten elements in two common foliose lichens: leachability, seasonality, and the influence of rock and tree bark substrates",The Bryologist,94(2),135-142,1991,,,,,PHYS
2734,"Puckett, KJ",Temporal variation in lichen element levels,Lichen Physiology and Cell Biology,,211-225,1985,"Plenum Press, New York and London",D. H. Brown (ed.),temporal variation seasonality ecology accumulation elements ecology aluminum vanadium Cladonia Cladina Canada Ontario,"12 figures. 4 tables. [Author investigated "" ... whether lichens show changes in their element levels in response to changing seasonal conditions and whether such changes can be described in terms of varying element deposition rates throughout the year.""",AIR
4537,"Puckett, KJ",The effect of heavy metals on some aspects of lichen physiology,Canad. Jour. Bot.,54,2695-2703,1976,,,heavy metals physiology air pollution,7 figures. 5 tables.,METAL
9866,"Pulliainen, E",Nutritive values of some lichens used as food by reindeer in northeastern Lapland,Ann. Zool. Fenn.,8,385-389,1971,,,reindeer lapland Europe food,,REINDEER
16096,"Pulliainen, E Keranen, J","Composition and functions of beard lichen stores accumulated by bank voles, Clethrionomys glareolus Schreb.",Aquilo Ser. Zool.,19,73-76,1979,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
11874,"Pyatt, FB",The occurrence of a rotifer on the surfaces of apothecia of Xanthoria parietina,Lichenologist,4,74-75,1968,,,animals invertebrates rotifer Xanthoria parietina apothecia,,INVERTEBRATE
5778,"Raatikainen, M Siltanen, H Rosenberg, C Raatikainen, T Mukula, J","Herbicide residues in cowberries, bilberries and lichens in controlled ground spraying experiments on woodland",Annales Agriculturae Fenniae,18,112-116,1979,,,herbicide,,TOXIC
X14,Rahn KA,Who's polluting the Arctic?,Natural History,,30-38,1984,,,,,AIR
18042,"Rai, A.N.",Cyanobacterial-fungal symbioses: the cyanolichens.,CRC Handbook of Symbiotic Cyanobacteria,,15281,1990,,,,,SYMBIOSIS
5554,"Rai, AN",Nitrogen metabolism,CRC Handbook of Lichenology. Volume I,,201-237,1988,"CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton",M. Galun (ed.),nitrogen metabolism nitrogen fixation cyanobacteria heterocysts cephalodia,13 figures. 16 tables. [Detailed review with 152 references. Most of the chapter relates to nitrogen-fixation processes.],NITRO
16091,"Rapota, VV",Feeding ecology of the Taimyr muskoxen,Biol. Pap. Univ. Alaska Spec. Rep. No. 4,,75-80,1984,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
2740,"Rapsch, S Ascaso, C",Effect of evernic acid on structure of spinach chloroplasts,Annals of Botany,56,467-473,1985,,,spinach evernic acid chloroplasts allelopathy ultrastructure chlorophyll TEM morphology,"3 tables. 3 figures. [""This lichen substance produced a decrease in the amount of total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a in treated spinach leaves. Chloroplast structure suffered a decrease in several parameters ....""",PLANT
5795,"Rathore, JS Mishra, SK",Inhibition of root elongation by some plant extracts,Indian J. Exper. Biol.,9,523-524,1971,,,allelopathy,,PLANT
5818,"Ratsch, C",Lichens in Northern Lacandone culture,unpubl. notes,,,,,,human magic ethnobotany,,HUMAN LATIN AMERICA
5796,"Reddy, PV Rao, PS Subramanyam, S",Influence of some lichen substances of mitosis in Allium cepa root tips,Indian J. Exp. Biol.,16,1019-1021,1978,,,allelopathy,,PLANT
1593,"Redon, J",Lichens of arid South America,Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory,53,337-339,1982,,,South America desert Atacama fog oases,1 table. 4 figures. [Brief discussion of the lichens of both the fog oases in the Atacama Desert and of the Atacama Desert itself.],COMMUNITY
X4,"Reid, JD,SArantakos, G.",Infiltrating and embedding tissues with mixtures of polyethylene glycols and polyvinylacetate resins,Stain Technology,4,207-310,1966,,,"stain, polyethylene, glycols, polyvinylacetate, resins, microscopy",,LAB
1595,"Renner, B",The presence of absence of secondary metabolites in cephalodia and their possible implications,Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory,52,367-377,1982,,,cephalodia secondary metabolites mycobiont growth,6 figures. [Author evaluates algal influences on the metabolism of the mycobiont.],PHYS
5921,"Rhoades, FM","Biomass of epiphytic lichens and bryophytes on Abies lasiocarpa on a Mt. Baker lava flow, Washington",Bryologist,84 (1),39-47,1981,,,biomass nitrogen fixation,,NITRO
6021,"Rhoades, FM",Re-examination of Baseline Plots to Determine Effects of Air Quality on Lichens and Bryophytes in Olympic National Park,,,10,1988,Northrop Environmental Services / National Park Service,,air pollution Olympic National Park,,AIR
17972,"Rhoades,FM","Nonvascular epiphytes in forest canopies: worldwide distribution, abundance, and ecological roles",Forest Canopies,,353-408,1995,"Academic Press, San Diego","Lowman,MD/Nadkarni,NM (eds.)",BIOGEOGRAPHY BIOMASS CANOPY ECOLOGICAL ROLES ENDEMISM EVOLUTION FLORISTICS FOREST,"3 fig. 4 tab. [Thorough review of lichens and bryophytes in forest canopies, with many references. Contains sections on the environmental characteristics of canopy habitats, regional floras, population and community ecology, biomass and biomass productio",COMMUNITY
6068,"Riba, R Herrera, T","Ferns, lichens, and hummingbirds' nests",Amer. Fern Jour.,63,128,1973,,,,one page.,BIRD
9885,"Riba, R Herrera, T","Ferns, lichens, and hummingbirds' nests",Amer. Fern Jour.,63,128,1973,,,hummingbirds nesting material birds animals vertebrates,,ANIMAL
3711,"Richardson, DHS",Understanding the pollution sensitivity of lichens,Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society,96(1),31-43,1988,,,air pollution review acid rain accumulation,"[""This review summarizes the effects of the various components of air pollution including metals, sulphur dioxide and acid rain. The mechanisms leading to accumulation of elements by lichens or indication of damage by air pollutants are discussed.""]",AIR
5030,"Richardson, DHS","The Vanishing Lichens. Their History, Biology and Importance",,,231,1974,"Hafner Press (Macmillan Publishing Co.), New York",,air pollution uses general dyeing,bibliography only,REINDEER
5566,"Richardson, DHS",Medicinal and other economic aspects of lichens,CRC Handbook of Lichenology. Volume III,,93-108,1988,"CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton",M. Galun (ed.),uses medicine allergy perfume food poisoning,"1 table. 10 figures. [Review of lichens used for food, perfume, medicines, dyes and for other minor economic reasons. Seventy-three references.]",HUMAN
5566,"Richardson, DHS",Medicinal and other economic aspects of lichens,CRC Handbook of Lichenology. Volume III,,93-108,1988,"CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton",M. Galun (ed.),uses medicine allergy perfume food poisoning,"1 table. 10 figures. [Review of lichens used for food, perfume, medicines, dyes and for other minor economic reasons. Seventy-three references.]",HUMAN GENERAL
5876,"Richardson, DHS","The Vanishing Lichens. Their History, Biology and Importance. (history sections)",,,19-31,1974,"Hafner Press (Macmillan Publishing Co.), New York",,history,40 pl. 30 tab. 27 fig.,HISTORY
5877,"Richardson, DHS","The Vanishing Lichens. Their History, Biology and Importance. (growth)",,,46-57,1974,"Hafner Press (Macmillan Publishing Co.), New York",,growth,40 pl. 30 tab. 27 fig.,ANIMAL
5953,"Richardson, DHS",The transplantation of lichen thalli to solve some taxonomic problems in Xanthoria parieting (l>0 Th. Fr.,Lichenologist,3,386-391,1967,,,transplantation taxonomy Xanthoria morphology,,MORPH
6009,"Richardson, DHS",Lichens and man.,Frontiers in Mycology,,187-210,1991,CAB International,"Hawksworth, DL",,,HUMAN
6009,"Richardson, DHS",Lichens and man.,Frontiers in Mycology,,187-210,1991,CAB International,"Hawksworth, DL",,,HUMAN GENERAL
6013,"Richardson, DHS","The Vanishing Lichens. Their History, Biology and Importance (section on human uses)",,,90-119,1974,"Hafner Press (Macmillan Publishing Co.), New York",,uses dyeing,"pp. 68-71, 90-93, 102-111, 116-119, 206-207 only.40 pl. 30 tab. 27 fig.",HUMAN GENERAL
6069,"Richardson, DHS",Lichen on iron cannon balls,Lichenologist,10,233-235,1978,,,,,SUBSTRATE
5935,"Richardson, DHS Hill, DJ Smith, DC",Lichen physiology. XI. The role of the alga in determining the pattern of carbohydrate movement between lichen symbionts,New Phytologist,67,469-486,1968,,,symbiosis physiology carbohydrate photobiont,,SYMBIOSIS
2745,"Richardson, DHS Kiang, S Ahmadjian, V Nieboer, E",Lead and uranium uptake by lichens,Lichen Physiology and Cell Biology,,227-246,1985,"Plenum Press, New York and London",D. H. Brown (ed.),lead uranium uptake accumulation Umbilicaria Peltigera Cladonia cation binding,"6 figures. 6 tables. [""It is evident from the foregoing paragraphs that while cation binding by lichens most likely involves carboxylic acid-containing ligands, the exact nature of the binding molecule or molecules has yet to be determined. The prelimina",METAL
959,"Richardson, DHS Nieboer, E",Lichens and pollution monitoring,Endeavour,5,127-133,1981,,,air pollution biomonitoring bioindication general,12 figures. 2 tables. [Semi-popular article discussing main areas of lichens and pollution monitoring applications.],AIR
960,"Richardson, DHS Nieboer, E",Surface binding and accumulation of metals in lichens,Cellular Interactions in Symbiosis and Parasitism,,75-94,1980,"Ohio State University Press, Columbus","C. B. Cook, P. W Pappas & E. D. Rudolph (eds.)",symbiosis surface binding metal accumulation,6 figures. 1 table. [Review with many referecnes.],METAL
5936,"Richardson, DHS Smith, DC",Lichen physiology. IX. Carbohydrate movement from the Trebouxia symbiont of Xanthoria aureola to the fungus,New Phytologist,67,61-68,1968,,,physiology symbiosis,,SYMBIOSIS
5937,"Richardson, DHS Smith, DC",The physiology of the symbiosis in Xanthoria aureola (Ach.) Erichs.,Lichenologist,3,202-206,1966,,,physiology symbiosis,,SYMBIOSIS
5954,"Richardson, DHS Smith, DC",Lichen physiology. X. The isolated algal and fungal symbionts of Xanthoria aureola,New Phytologist,67,69-77,1968,,,physiology symbiosis Xanthoria,,SYMBIOSIS
5934,"Richardson, DHS Smith, DC Lewis, DH",Carbohydrate movement between the symbionts of lichens,Nature,214,879-882,1967,,,symbiosis physiology carbohydrate,,SYMBIOSIS
4561,"Richardson, DHS Young, CM",Lichens and vertebrates,Lichen Ecology,,121-144,1977,"Academic Press, London",M. R. D. Seaward (ed.),vertebrates review animals,5 figures. 3 tables. [Review.],ANIMAL
6564,"Riewe, RR","Food habits of insular meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus terraenovae, (Rodentia: Cricetidae) in Notre Dame Bay, Newfoundland.",Can. Field-Naturalist,87(1),38120,1973,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
16044,"Rissanen, K Rahola, T Aro, P",Distribution of cesium-137 in reindeer.,Rangifer,10(2),57-66,1990,,,,first page only,REINDEER
3712,"Robbins, CT",Digestibility of an arboreal lichen by mule deer,Journal of Range Management,40(6),491-492,1987,,,mule deer vertebrates food digestibility Alectoria,"1 table. [Study used Alectoria sarmentosa with alfalfa pellets. ""Apparent digestibilities were very high for lichen dry matter (85.2%), NDF (91.9%), and cell solubles (84.2%). The apparent digestibility of protein was very low (-218.0%) ...."" The author ",LARGE MAMMAL
5569,"Roberts, D Zimmer, D",Microfaunal communities associated with epiphytic lichens in Belfast,Lichenologist,22(2),163-171,1990,,,Ireland microfauna animals epiphytes invertebrates air pollution,###############################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################,GENERAL
5982,"Robertson, SM",Dyes from Plants,,,,1973,Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.,,dye,,HUMAN DYE
4570,"Robitaille, G LeBlanc, F Rao, DN",Acid rain: a factor contributing to the paucity of epiphytic cryptogams in the vicinity of a copper smelter,Rev. Bryol. Lichenol.,43,53-66,1977,,,acid rain air pollution Quebec Canada copper smelter epiphytes,"5 figures. 4 tables. [Study in Quebec, Canada.]",ACID RAIN
16090,"Robus, MA",Summer food habits of muskoxen in northeastern Alaska,Biol. Pap. Univ. Alaska Spec. Rep. No. 4,,81-85,1984,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
5898,"Rochelle, JA","Mature Forests, Litterfall and Patterns of Forage Quality as Factors in the Nutrition of Black-tailed Deer on Northern Vancouver Island",,,275,1980,"PhD thesis, University of British Columbia",,deer,,LARGE MAMMAL
X125,"Rogers, P, M Shomaker, W McLain, S Johnson",Colorado forest health report 1992-95: a baseline assessment,,,44,1995,"USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Ogden UT",,,,GENERAL
1606,"Rogers, RW",Lichens of arid Australia,Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory,53,351-355,1982,,,Australia general,"1 figure. [Surprisingly few lichens can be found in the northern, tropical and subtropical arid areas. Lichens of other arid areas of the continent are discussed.]",COMMUNITY
5574,"Rogers, RW",Ecological strategies of lichens,Lichenologist,22(2),149-162,1990,,,ecological strategies habitats triangular ordination growth form,"2 tables. 6 figures. [Study of survival strategies of 34 species from a range of substrata, climates and growth forms is reported using triangular ordination techniques.  ""Statistically significant relationships between survival strategy and growth form,",GROWTH
5909,"Rominger, EM Oldemeyer, JL","Early-winter habitat of woodland caribou, Selkirk Mountains, British Columbia",J. Wildlife Manage.,53 (1),238-243,1989,,,caribou animal,,REINDEER
X82,"Rominger, EM, CT Robbins, MA Evans",Winter foraging ecology of woodland caribou in northeastern Washington,J. Wildl. Manage.,60(4),719-728,1996,,,"arboreal lichen, digestibility, endangered, foraging, intake rate, old-growth, rangifer tarandus, caribou",,LARGE MAMMAL
18217,"Rominger,EM Allen-Johnson,L Oldemeyer,JL","Arboreal lichen in uncut and partially cut subalpine fir stands in woodland caribou habitat, northern Idaho and southeastern British Columbia",Forest Ecology and Management,70,195-202,1994,,,CARIBOU EPIPHYTES FOOD,2 fig. 1 tab. ,REINDEER
6108,"Rope, SK Pearson, LC",Lichens as air polluion biomonitors in a semiarid environment in Idaho,The Bryologist,93(1),50-61,1990,,,,,AIR
966,"Rose, CI Hawksworth, DL",Lichen recolonization in London's cleaner air,Nature,289,289-292,1981,,,London air pollution British Isles recolonization reinvasion,"4 figures. 1 table. [Study of 29 sites showed that many species have increased their ranges since 1970, and that some sites have been recolonized within the last 3-7 years.]",AIR
4578,"Rose, F",Lichenological indicators of age and environmental continuity in woodlands,Lichenology: Progress and Problems,,279-307,1976,"Academic Press, London","D. H. Brown, D. L. Hawksworth & R. H. Bailey (eds.)",community ecology British Isles age structures,1 figure. 7 tables.,COMMUNITY
5816,"Rose, F",Acid rain threat to lichens?,Brit. Lichen Soc. Bull.,46,37988,1980,,,acid rain,,ACID RAIN
6109,"Rose, F",Temperate forest management: its effects on bryophyte and lichen floras and habitats. in: Bryophytes and Lichens in a Changing Environment,,,210-233,1992,"Clarendon Press, Oxford","Bates,JW/Farmer,AM (eds.)",BOREAL FORESTS DECOMPOSITION HERBIVORY LICHEN PARASITES MIRES NITROGEN FIXATION NUTRIENT CYCLING NUTRIENT RELEASE POLAR STRATEGIES SUCCESSION TEMPERATE FORESTS TROPICAL FORESTS TUNDRA,4 fig. 2 tab. ,COMMUNITY
2175,"Rosentreter, R",The zonation of mosses and lichens along the Salmon River in Idaho,Northwest Science,58,108-117,1984,,,Idaho zonation saxicolous own Dermatocarpon Verrucaria,"4 figures. 1 table. [""Based on the species present and on fluctuating water levels, four zones are found. Results from paired transects indicate that stability of the substrate, force of the current, and distance above the low water level determine speci",COMMUNITY
5925,"Rosentreter, R",Indicator value of lichen cover on desert shrubs,"Proceedings--Symposium on Cheatgrass Invasion, Shrub Die-off, and Other Aspects of Shrub Biology and Management",,282-289,1990,USDA Forest Service Intermountain Research Sta. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-276,"McArthur, DE, Romney, EM Smith, SD Tueller, PT",indicator ecology community shrub,,COMMUNITY
6542,"Rosentreter, R",Lichens: Food and Shelter for the Northern Flying Squirrel,unpubl.,,,,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
6558,"Rosentreter, R",Lichens as biological markers,"Proc. Conf. ""Pesticides in Natural Systems: How Can Their Effects Be Monitored?""",,,,,"Environmental Protection Agency Region 10, EPA 910/9-91-011, April, 1991",,,AIR
7480,"Rosentreter, R",High-water Indicator Plants along Idaho Waterways,Symp. on Ecology & Manage. of Riparian Shrub Communities,unpubl,18-24,1991,,,,,COMMUNITY
7481,"Rosentreter, R",Camas Prairie and Possible Evolutionary Links with Old World Artemesia Species: A Presymposium Tour,Symp. on Ecology & Manage. of Riparian Shrub Communities,,223-227,1991,USDA Forest Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-289,,,,COMMUNITY
7512,"Rosentreter, R",The Role of microbiotic plants in the sagebrush steppe.,,15(4),38050,1992,Idaho Native Plant Society Newsletter,,,"short summary of soil crust roles in nitrogen fixation, seed germination, soil erosion, moisture relations, livestock trampling, and conservation.",SOIL
X102,"Rosentreter, R","Conservation and management of vagrant lichens in the northern Great Basin, USA",In:Conservation and Management of Native Plants and Fungi,,242-248,1997,"Native Plant Society of Oregon, Corvallis","Kaye, TN/Liston, A/Love, RM/Luoma, DL/Meinke, RJ/Wilson, MV",ASPICILIA/ CONSERVATION/ DERMATOCARPON/ ECOLOGICAL MODIFICATION/ ECOLOGY/ MANNA/ TERRICOLOUS LICHENS/ VAGRANT HABIT/ WESTERN NORTH AMERICA/ XANTHOPARMELIA,"Overview of the biology of vagrant lichens, with recommendations for their conservation",CONSERVE
X5,"Rosentreter, R",Summary of characteristics of vagrant Rhizoplaca taxa in North America,none,na,2,1988,,,"rhizoplaca, key","one table, 4 photos, one handwritten key",TAXON
X89,"Rosentreter, R",Restoration of community structure and composition in cheatgrass-dominated rangelands,In: Symposium proceedings Native Plants Propagating and Planting,,92-98,1999,"OSU College of Forestry, Corvallis, OR","Haase, DL, R Rose",,,ENV
3715,"Rosentreter, R DeBolt, A Bratt, CC",Curation of soil lichens,Evansia,5(2),23-25,1988,,,soil terricolous herbaria curation preservation,[Review of methods for carefully preserving soil lichens for the herbarium.],LAB
18040,"Rosentreter, R.","Lichen diversity in managed forests of the Pacific Northwest, USA",Mitt. Eidgenoss. Forsch.anst. Wald Schnee Landsch.,70 (1),103-124,1995,,,,,CONSERVE
8659,"Rosentreter, R. Eslick, L.",Notes on the Bryorias used by flying squirrels for nest construction.,Evansia,10(2),61-63,1993,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
X95,"Rosentreter, R/ Hayward, GD/ Wicklow-Howard, M","Northern flying squirrel seasonal food habits in the interior conifer forests of central Idaho, USA",Northwest Science,71(2),97-102,1997,,,FOOD/ GRAZING/ MAMMALS/ SQUIRREL ,"In this area, Bryoria is important in this squirrel's diet during the winter",SMALL MAMMAL
X101,"Rosentreter, R/ McCune, B",Distribution and ecology of Teloschistes contortuplicatus in North America,Evansia,13(1),10-13,1996,,,NORTH AMERICA/ TELOSCHISTES/ WESTERN NORTH AMERICA ,"Includes a description, a discussion of the ecology, and a distribution map",TAXON
9076,"Rosentreter,R",Vagrant lichens in North America,The Bryologist,96(3),333-338,1993,,,ASPICILIA DERMATOCARPON ECOLOGY NORTH AMERICA RHIZOPLACA VAGRANT XANTHOPARMELIA,"1 fig. [Includes general discussions of the ecology and taxonomic status of various vagrant lichens, with specific discussion of taxa belonging to Aspicilia, Rhizoplaca, Xanthoparmelia, and Dermatocarpon. Also presents a field key to the western North Am",MORPH
7386,"Rosentreter,R McCune,B",Vagrant Dermatocarpon in western North America,The Bryologist,95(1),15-19,1992,,,DERMATOCARPON ENVIRONMENTAL MODIFICATION VAGRANT LICHENS,"2 fig. [The authors conclude that vagrant growth forms are environmental modifications and occur in two species, Dermatocarpon miniatum and D. reticulatum, and that D. vagans is not a distinct species. Examination of the type of D. vagans indicates that ",MORPH
16367,"Ross, ES",A new species of embioptera from the Galapagos Islands,"Proc. Calif. Academy of Sciences, fourth series",34(12),499-504,1966,,,,,INVERTEBRATE
1607,"Ross, LJ Nash, TH"", III",Effect of ozone on gross photosynthesis of lichens,Environmental and Experimental Botany,23,71-77,1983,,,ozone air pollution photosynthesis fumigation Pseudoparmelia Ramalina California ecology physiology,"3 figures. [The effects of long-term and short-term fumigations were studied on Pseudoparmelia caperata and Ramalina menziesii with special reference to the Santa Monica Mountains of southern California. ""From results of these laboratory studies, it is i",AIR
X86,"Rosso, AL, R Rosentreter",Lichen diversity and biomass in relation to management practices in forests of northern Idaho,Evansia,16(2),97-104,1999,,,,,BIOMASS
5580,"Roy-Arcand, L Delisle, CE Briere, FG",Effects of simulated acid precipitation on the metabolic activity of Cladina stellaris,Canadian Journal of Botany,67(6),1796-1802,1989,,,Cladina acid rain metabolism physiology air pollution,"7 figures. 2 tables. [""Cladina stellaris responses to the quantity and quality of acidification are summarized in a set of regression models that emphasize a threshold response to acid precipitation near 3.5; below 3.5 metabolism is impaired, whereas abo",ACID RAIN
5864,"Rundel, P",Water relations and morphological variation in Ramalina menziesii Tayl.,The Bryologist,77,23-32,1974,,,morphology water relations,,MORPH
5836,"Rundel, PW",Ecological relationships of desert fog zone lichens,The Bryologist,81 (2),277-293,1978,,,fog zone desert morphology physiology,,COMMUNITY
5842,"Rundel, PW",The ecological role of secondary lichen substances,Biochem. Syst. Ecol.,6,157-170,1978,,,compound plant antiherbivore soil,,COMPOUND
2178,"Rushforth, SR St. Clair, LL Brotherson, JD Nebeker, GT","Lichen community structure in Betatakin Canyon, Navajo National Monument, Arizona",Mycotaxon,21,273-280,1984,,,Arizona own Navajo Canyon communities saxicolous corticolous diversity,"2 tables. [""The results of our cluster analyses demonstrated that distinctive lichen communities exist on separate bark and rock substrates. Furthermore, these communities are not closely related to each other with an average similarity of only 4.2%."" Co",COMMUNITY
17919,"Russell,DE Martell,AM",Winter range ecology of caribou (Rangifer tarandus),Northern Ecology and Resource Management,,117-144,1984,"University of Alberta Press, Edmonton","Olson,R/Hastings,R/Geddes,F (eds.)",CARIBOU GRAZING,1 fig. 4 tab. [Includes a review of lichen digestibility.],REINDEER
6121,"Ryan, BD Nash III, TH","Lichen flora of the eastern Brook Lake watershed, Sierra Nevada mountains, California",The Bryologist,94(2),181-195,1991,,,,,TAXON
7501,"Rychert R, Skujins, JR Sorensen, D Porcella, D",Nitrogen fixation by lichens and free-living microorganisms in deserts,Nitrogen in Desert Ecosystems,9,20-30,1978,"Institute of Ecology (US/IBP Synthesis Series); Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, Inc.",NE West & John Skujins,,,NITRO
5801,"Rychert, RC Skujins, J",Nitrogen fixation by blue-green algae-lichen crusts in the Great Basin desert,Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc.,38,768-771,1974,,,nitrogen soil crust,,NITRO
8328,"Saklani,A Upreti,DK",Folk uses of some lichens in Sikkim,Journal of Ethnopharmacology,37(3),229-233,1992,,,ANTIBIOTIC ANTIMICROBIAL ANTISEPTICS FOOD INDIA MEDICINE SIKKIM,"4 fig. [An account of folk uses for 4 lichen species: Heterodermia diademata (for cuts and injuries); Parmelia cirrhata (as a vegetable), Peltigera polydactyla (as an antiseptic and to stop bleeding from cuts), and Stereocaulon himalayense (for urinary t",HUMAN ASIA
4591,"Salisbury, G",Greek names and epithets,Lichenologist,10,132-134,1978,,,names Greek nomenclature,,TAXON
8934,"Samuel, Cheryl",The Chilkat Dancing Blanket,,,,,,,,,HUMAN DYE
5962,"Santesson, J",Chemical studies on lichens. 30. Anthraquinonoid pigments of Trypetheliopsis boninensis Ocellularia dominguensis,Acta Chemica Scandinavica,24,3331-3334,1970,,,substance,,COMPOUND
6541,"Saunders, JK","Food habits and range use of the Rocky Mountain goat in the Crazy Mountains, Montana.",J. Wildl. Manage.,19(4),429-437,1955,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
5812,"Schachak, M Jones, CG Granot, Y",Herbivory in rocks in the weathering of a desert,Science,236,1098-1099,1987,,,snail endolithic weathering soil herbivory,,INVERTEBRATE
16052,"Scharf, CS",Birds and mammals as passive transporters for algae found in lichens.,Canadian Field-Naturalist,92(1),70-71,1978,,,,,ANIMAL
5754,"Schindler, H",Zur Geschichte der Anwendung von Flechten (Lichenes) in der Medizin,Carolinea,46,31-42,1988,,,medicine history Europe,"4 figures. [An historical review of the uses of lichens in medicine, particularly in Europe since the Middle Ages.]",HUMAN GENERAL
6114,"Schmitt, CK Slack, NG",Host specificity of epiphytic lichens and bryophytes: a comparison of the Adirondack Mountains (New York) and the southern Blue Ridge Mountains (North Carolina),The Bryologist,93(3),257-274,1990,,,,,COMMUNITY
5875,"Schneider, A",A text-book of general lichenology,,,38016,1897,"Willard N. Clute & Co., Binghamton",,human uses history,pp. 1-30 only.,HUMAN GENERAL
6005,"Schneider, A",A Guide to the Study of Lichens,,,16-17,1904,"Knight and Miller, Boston",,human uses,,HUMAN EUROPE
16049,"Schoen, JW Kirchhoff, MD",Food habits of Sitka black-tailed deer in southeastern Alaska.,"Final Report, Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration",,14,1983,"Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game, Juneau, AK",,,,LARGE MAMMAL
10416,"Schoen, JW Wallmo, OC",Timber management and deer in southeast Alaska: current problems and research direction.,"Sitka Black-Tailed Deer: Proceedings of a Conference in Juneau, Alaska",,69-83,1979,USDA Forest Service,O.C. Wallmo and J.W. Schoen,,,LARGE MAMMAL
5905,"Schofield, E",Some considerations on the possible effects of local and global sources of air pollution on lichens grazed by reindeer and caribou,Proceedings of the First Int'l Reindeer and Caribou Symposium,,90-94,1975,,"Luick, JR Lent, PC Klein, DR White, RG",air pollution reindeer caribou animal,,AIR
1619,"Schubert, R",Lichens of central Asia,Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory,53,341-343,1982,,,Asia desert habitats,[General overview of principle habitat types and lichen vegetation.],COMMUNITY
8983,"Schulert, AR",Strontium-90 in Alaska,Science,136,146-148,1962,,,,,HUMAN NORTHWEST
2767,"Schulten, JA",The effects of burning on the soil lichen community of a sand prairie,The Bryologist,88,110-114,1985,,,Iowa fire communities prairie own Cladonia Diploschistes,"2 tables. 3 figures. [Lichen cover continued to decline over a period of more than two years following a fire in an eastern Iowa prairie. ""By the end of August of the second season, total lichen area, living and dead, was only 10.7% of the initial size, ",GROWTH
16089,"Schwartz, JE II Mitchell, GE","The Roosevelt elk on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington",J. Wildl. Manage.,9(4),295-319,1945,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
5600,"Scott, MG Hutchinson, TC Feth, MJ",Contrasting responses of lichens and Vaccinium angustifolium to long-term acidification of a boreal forest ecosystem,Canadian Journal of Botany,67(2),579-588,1989,,,acid rain air pollution boreal Canada Cladina,"5 tables. 1 figure. [Effects of simulated acid rain events at various pH levels twice a month were evaluated.  ""After 5 years of spraying, combined cover values for the three lichen species [Cladina spp.] had decreased up to 27% in plots sprayed with rai",ACID RAIN
6106,"Scott, PA Harsell, RIC","The lemming community on the lichen-heath tundra at Churchill, Manitoba",Canadian Field-Naturalist,103(3),358-362,1989,,,Canada Manitoba tundra lemmings,1 table. 2 figures. [No specific lichen species are mentioned for the study area.],SMALL MAMMAL
6431,"Scott, PA Harsell, RIC","The lemming community on the lichen-heath tundra at Churchill, Manitoba",Canadian Field-Naturalist,103(3),358-362,1989,,,Canada Manitoba tundra lemmings,1 table. 2 figures. [No specific lichen species are mentioned for the study area.],ANIMAL
6104,"Scotter, GW",Chemical composition of forage lichens from northern Saskatchewan as related to use by barren-ground caribou,Can. J. Pl. Sci.,45,246-250,1965,,,,,REINDEER
12394,"Scotter, GW",The winter diet of barren-ground caribou in northern Canada,Canad. Field-Nat.,81,33-39,1967,,,Canada caribou diet food vertebrates animals,"1 tab. [""... terrestrial lichens are the most abundant plants in the winter diet of barren-ground caribou, consistuting more than 50% of the food intake.""]",REINDEER
12975,"Scotter, GW",Productivity of arboreal lichens and their possible importance to barren-ground caribou (Rangifer arcticus).,Arch. Soc. Zool. Bot. Fenn. 'Vanamo',16(2),155-161,1961,,,,,REINDEER
1626,"Seaward, MRD",Lichen ecology and changing urban environments,"Urban Ecology. The Second European Ecological Symposium, Berlin, 8-12 September 1980",,181-189,1982,"Blackwell Sceintific Publications, Oxford, London, Edinburgh, Boston, Melbourne","R. Bornkamm, J. A. Lee & M. R. D. Seaward (eds.)",ecology saxicolous air pollution substrate urban,"2 figures. [Review of ecology of saxicolous lichens with raising or falling levels of air pollution. ""The substrate is found to be of crucial importance for the success of urban lichens, especially in respect to the establishment of propagules.""]",AIR
1627,"Seaward, MRD",Principles and priorities of lichen conservation,Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory,52,401-406,1982,,,conservation endangered,1 table. [Reports results of survey sponsored by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) and rationale for lichen conservation and priority setting.],CONSERVE
5606,"Seaward, MRD",Contribution of lichens to ecosystems,CRC Handbook of Lichenology. Volume II,,107-129,1988,"CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton",M. Galun (ed.),ecosystems animals food invertebrates,"6 figures. [Review of lichens as an ecosystem and the interactions of lichens with other organisms in ecosystems, particularly invertebrate populations. An extensive bibliography of 262 references is included.]",ENV
6561,"Seaward, MRD",A natural touch to stonework,"Gardeners Chronicle, the horticultural trade journal",180(16),35-37,1976,,,,pp. 35-37 only.,HUMAN GENERAL
6525,"Seaward, MRD Letrouit-Galinou, MA","Lichen recolonization of trees in the Jardin du Luxembourg, Paris",Lichenologist,23 (2),181-186,1991,,,,,AIR
16063,"Seip, D",Preliminary results of the Quesnel Lake Caribou Study,Caribou Research and Management in British Columbia; Proceedings of a Workshop,,124-134,1985,"B.C. Ministry of Forests, Publ. WHR-27",Rick Page,,,REINDEER
999,"Sendstad, E","Soil ecology of a lichen heath at Spitsbergen, Svalbard: effects of artificial removal of the lichen plant cover",Journal of Range Management,34,442-445,1981,,,soil ecology Spitzbergen Svalbard nutrient,"3 figures. 3 tables. [""The experiment resulted in a significant decrease in total soil respiration. The removal of the lichen plant cover did effect a decrease in the soil content of organic matter macronutrients.""]",ENV
5912,"Servheen, G Lyon, LJ",Habitat use by woodland caribou in the Selkirk Mountains,J. Wildl. Manage.,53 (1),230-237,1989,,,caribou animal,,REINDEER
13624,"Servheen, GL",Southern Selkirk caribou habitat selection,Caribou Research and Management in British Columbia; Proceedings of a Workshop,,71-83,1985,"B.C. Ministry of Forests, Publ. WHR-27",Rick Page,,,REINDEER
2211,"Seyd, EL Seaward, MRD",The association of orbatid mites with lichens,Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society,80,369-420,1984,,,mites invertebrates ecology review energetics soil,"[Detailed review with hundreds of references. ""The importance of orbatid-lichen associations from the point of view of soil fertility and energetics is emphasized.""]",INVERTEBRATE
16002,"Shank, CC Wilkinson, PF Penner, DF","Diet of peary caribou, Banks Island, N.W.T.",Arctic,31(2),125-132,1978,,,,,REINDEER
X121,"Sharnoff, S, R Rosentreter",Lichen use by wildlife in North America: a preliminary compilation,,,,1998,,,,draft,ANIMAL
3361,"Sheard, JW",Distribution of uranium series nuclides in upland vegetation of northern Saskatchewan. I. Plant and soil concentrations,Canadian Journal of Botany,64,2446-2452,1986,,,uranium ecology air pollution radionuclides Canada Cladina Saskatchewan,"6 tables. 1 figure. [Three lichen species are included in the analyses. ""High levels in the lichen and moss species suggest that the primary source of uranium in these species is not directly from the soil.""]",RADIATION
6071,"Shields, LM Mitchell, C Drovet, F",Alga-and-lichen stabilised crusts as soil nitrogen sources,American Journal of Botany,44,489-498,1957,,,,,NITRO
7492,"Shih-Chen, L",Chinese Medicinal Herbs,,,,1973,"Georgetown Press, San Francisco",,,310-313 only,HUMAN GENERAL
7146,"Shorrocks,B Marsters,J Ward,I Evennett,PJ",The fractal dimension of lichens and the distribution of arthropod body lengths,Functional Ecology,5,457-460,1991,,,ARTHROPODS FRACTAL,1 fig. 1 tab. [Study of arthropod (mainly mites and collembolans) body lengths on thalli of Parmelia saxatilis.],INVERTEBRATE
1010,"Showman, RE",Lichen recolonization following air quality improvement,The Bryologist,84,492-497,1981,,,recolonization Parmelia Pseudoparmelia Ohio air pollution,4 figures. 1 table. [Parmelia caperata has recolonized an area in southern Ohio near a coal-fired power plant after pollution abatement. First observations of improvement were four years after abatement with near normal colonization levels after 8 years.,AIR
6115,"Showman, RE",Lichen recolonization in the upper Ohio River Valley,The Bryologist,93(4),427-428,1990,,,,,AIR
1638,"Siddiqi, MR Hawksworth, DL","Nematodes associated with galls on Cladonia glauca, including two new species",Lichenologist,14,175-184,1982,,,nematode gall Cladonia invertebrate animals phycobiont mycobiont food Ireland British Isles,"4 figures. [Nematodes were abundant in Irish collections of Cladonia glauca. One new nematode species may feed on the fungal component and the other new taxon probably parasitizes the algal partner. ""These observations on a single collection suggest that",INVERTEBRATE
2222,"Sigal, LL",Of lichens and lepidopterons,The Bryologist,87,66-68,1984,,,own moths lepidoptera animals acids,2 figures. [Author describes the association between the lichen Usnea strigosa and the larva of the moth Zanclognatha theralis. The possible role of usnic acid in this relationship is also discussed.],INVERTEBRATE
3735,"Sigal, LL",The relationship of lichen and bryophyte research to regulatory decisions in the United States,"Lichens, Bryophytes and Air Quality",,269-287,1988,"Bibliotheca Lichenologica No. 30. J. Cramer, Berlin-Stuttgart","T. H. Nash, III & V. Wirth (eds.)",regulations US government air pollution review,"3 figures. 3 tables. [Author reviews role of lichen and bryophyute research in the development of legislation or in decisions made as a result of legislation concerning air quality in the United States. ""This analysis has resulted in a set of recommendat",AIR
2776,"Sigal, LL Johnston, WJ"", Jr.",Effects of acidic rain and ozone on nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis in the lichen Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm,Environmental and Experimental Botany,26,59-64,1986,,,ozone acid rain ecology Lobaria,"2 figures. 1 table. [""There were no significant O3--acid rain interactions. The threshold for response to rain acidity for L. pulmonaria lies between pH 2.6 and 4.2, and the acidity of wet deposition in parts of the United States may fall in this range.""",AIR
18019,"Sillett,TS",Foraging ecology of epiphyte-searching insectivorous birds in Costa Rica,Condor,96(4),863-877,1994,,,BIRDS HABITAT,4 fig. 2 tab. [One of the classes of epiphytes studied was foliose lichens.],BIRD
X83,"Simon, NPP, FE Schwab, EM Baggs, GIMcT Cowan",Distribution of small mammals among successional and mature forest types in western Labrador,Canadian Field-Nat.,112,441-445,1998,,,"boreal red-backed vole, secondary succession, labrador, meadow vole",p. 441 only,SMALL MAMMAL
7513,"Singer, SW Naslund, NL Singer, SA Ralph, CJ",Discovery and Observations of two tree nests of the marbled murrelet.,The Condor,93,330-339,1991,The Cooper Ornithological Society,,,murrelet nests with lichen,ANIMAL
7513,"Singer, SW Naslund, NL Singer, SA Ralph, CJ",Discovery and Observations of two tree nests of the marbled murrelet.,The Condor,93,330-339,1991,The Cooper Ornithological Society,,,murrelet nests with lichen,BIRD
16005,"Sjenneberg, S Slagsvold, L",Reindeer husbandry and its ecological principles,trans. from Norwegian,,72-83,1979,"Bureau of Indian Affairs, Dept. of the Interior","Anderson, CM & Luick, JR",,,REINDEER
16006,"Skoog, RO",Caribou Management Studies; Project W-3-R-13,,13(3),98-102,1959,"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska",,,,REINDEER
10624,"Skorepa, AC Sharp, AJ","Lichens in ""packets"" of lacewing larvae (Chrysopidae)",The Bryologist,74,363-364,1971,,,lacewings insects invertebrates animals soredia dispersal,2 fig.,INVERTEBRATE
5774,"Skye, E.",Lichens as biological indicators of air pollution.,Ann. Rev. Phytopathol.,17,325-341,1979,,,,,AIR
3748,"Slack, NG",The ecological importance of lichens and bryophytes,"Lichens, Bryophytes and Air Quality",,23-53,1988,"Bibliotheca Lichenologica No. 30. J. Cramer, Berlin-Stuttgart","T. H. Nash, III & V. Wirth (eds.)",ecological roles nitrogen fixation food succession review biomass,"4 tables. 5 figures. [Review of the ecological roles of lichens and bryophytes including primary production, nitrogen fixation, nutrient cycling, food chain relationships, and colonization. Author includes discussion of the impact of air pollution on the",ENV
6568,"Slansky Jr, F","Effect of the lichen chemicals atranorin and vulpinic acid upon feeding and growth of larvae of the yellow-striped armyworm, Spodoptera ornithogalli.",Environmental Entomology,8,865-868,1979,,,,,INVERTEBRATE
1021,"Slocum, RD Ahmadjian, V Hildreth, KC",Zoosporogenesis in Trebouxia gelatinosa: ultrastructure potential for zoospore release and implications for the lichen association,Lichenologist,12,173-187,1980,,,zoospore zoosporogenesis Trebouxia phycobiont algae ultrastructure symbiosis Parmelia,"14 figures. [First report of this phenomenon in a Trebouxia speices in the lichenized state. ""Observations of zoospore formation by algal cells within the natural thallus and in thallus fragments incubated on a mineral medium suggest that zoospores are r",SYMBIOSIS
X51,"Slocum, RD, JD Lawrey",Viability of the epizoic lichen flora carried and dispersed by green lacewing (Nodita pavida) larvae,Can. J. Bot.,54,1827-31,1976,,,"lacewing, invertebrate, dispersal, viability",,INVERTEBRATE
6524,"Sloof, JE Wolterbeek, HTh",National trace-element air pollution monitoring survey using epiphytic lichens,Lichenologist,23 (2),139-165,1991,,,,,AIR
6446,"Smirnova, TY Nikonov, AA",A revised lichenometric method and its application dating great past earthquakes,Arctic and Alpine Research,22(4),375-388,1990,,,Pamirs earthquakes lichenometry techniques USSR Lecanora Aspicilia,"6 figures. 1 table. [""The technique has its theoretical basis in a statistical distribution model for lichen diameters.  The technique differs from the conventional one in that the whole set of lichens of particular species is used in the dating.""  Appli",GROWTH
6008,"Smith, AL",Lichens. Chapter X. Economical and technical,,,395-420,1921,Cambridge Univ. Press,,human uses,pp. 395-420 only.,HUMAN GENERAL
X60,"Smith, CC",The coevolution of pine squirrels (Tamiasciurus) and conifers,Ecological Monographs,40(3),349-371,1970,,,"food habits, squirrel, conifer, boreal, pinaceae, plant evolution",,MISC. WILDLIFE
1024,"Smith, DC",Mechanisms of nutrient movement between the lichen symbionts,Cellular Interactions in Symbiosis and Parasitism,,197-227,1980,"Ohio State University Press, Columbus","C. B. Cook, P. W Pappas & E. D. Rudolph (eds.)",nutrient transfer inhibition technique review phycobiont mycobiont,"5 figures. 1 table. [Review including a revised explanation of the ""Inhibition Technique"" used to study nutrient transport in lichens.]",SYMBIOSIS
5063,"Smith, DC",Symbiosis and the biology of lichenised fungi,"Symposia Soc. Exper. Biol. [University Press, Cambridge]]",29,373-405,1975,,,symbiosis review,6 fig. 1 pl. 4 tab.,SYMBIOSIS
5933,"Smith, DC",Transport from symbiotic algae and symbiotic chloroplasts to host cells,Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol.,28,585-520,1984,,,physiology symbiosis,,SYMBIOSIS
5932,"Smith, DC Molesworth, S",Lichen physiology. XIII. Effects of rewetting dry lichens,New Phytologist,72,525-533,1973,,,physiology,,PHYS
5844,"Smith, DK",Bryoecology of the Mendocino pygmy forest region,MA thesis,,22647,1970,unpubl. thesis Humboldt State College,,soil community,lit. cit. & appendices missing,COMMUNITY
16030,"Smith, GW",Arctic Pharmacognosia,Arctic,26(4),-333,1973,,,,"pp. 328, 332, 333 only.",HUMAN NORTHWEST
8608,"Smith, HH",Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians,Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee,4 (3),406,1932,,,,"pp. 372-373, 406-407 only.",HUMAN EAST NORTH AMERICAN PLAINS
8609,"Smith, HH",Ethnobotany of the Menomini,Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee,4 (1),60,1923,,,,"pp.20-21, 60-6, 122-123 only.",HUMAN EAST NORTH AMERICAN PLAINS
8609,"Smith, HH",Ethnobotany of the Menomini,Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee,4 (1),60,1923,,,,"pp.20-21, 60-6, 122-123 only.",LARGE MAMMAL
8610,"Smith, HH",Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians,Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee,7 (1),68,1933,,,,"pp. 68-69, 106-107, 196-197 only.",HUMAN EAST NORTH AMERICAN PLAINS
6090,"Smith, JN Ellis, KM",Time dependent transport of Chernobyl radioactivity between atmospheric and lichen phases in eastern Canada,J. Environ. Radioactivity,11,151-168,1990,,,,abstract only,RADIATION
7510,"Smurthwaite, D",Licking the Lichens,BLM in Idaho,,,1992,"Bureau of Land Management, Idaho State Office",Don Smurthwaite,,interview with Allan Thomas & Roger Rosentreter about pronghorn antelope using lichens for forage.,LARGE MAMMAL
1028,"Snelgar, WP Green, TDA","Ecologically-linked variation in morphology, actyelene reduction, and water relations in Pseudocyphellaria dissimilis",New Phytologist,87,403-411,1981,,,Pseudocyphellaria morphology New Zealand nitrogen fixation ecology water relations,"8 tables. 3 figures. [New Zealand populations ""... were shown to possess different morphologies which correlated with the evaporative demand of their environment.""]",MORPH
5803,"Snyder, JM Wullstein, LH",The role of desert cryptogams in nitrogen fixation,American Midland Naturalist,90,257-265,1973,,,nitorgen desert,,NITRO
5804,"Snyder, JM Wullstein, LH",Nitrogen fixation on granite outcrop pioneer ecosystems,The Bryologist,76,196-199,1973,,,nitrogen pioneer,,NITRO
5961,"Sochting, U",Anatomical and cytological characteristics of unpigmented Caloplaca verruculifera from Denmark,Bot. Tidsskr.,68 (2),152-156,,,,substance,,COMPOUND
2792,"Sochting, U Gjelstrup, P",Lichen communities and the associated fauna on a rocky sea shore on Bornholm in the Baltic,Holarctic Ecology,8,66-75,1985,,,Denmark ecology saxicolous invertebrate animals Ramalina Parmelia vacuum sampling,"7 figures. 2 tables. [Populations were studied using a vacuum sampling technique, and many lichens are listed in Table 1. ""The highest average number of animals per area was found in the Schistidium maritimum and Ramalina siliquosa communities, whereas t",INVERTEBRATE
5868,"Sören Mattsson, LJ",Sodium-22 in the food-chain: lichen-reindeer-man,Health Physics,23,223-230,1972,,,radiation food chain reindeer Lapps,,RADIATION
5784,"Sowter, FA",Mites (Acari) and lichens,Lichenologist,5,176,1971,,,mites acari,,INVERTEBRATE
8723,"Spindin, H.J.",The Nez Perce Indians,Amer. Anth. Assoc. Memoirs,2(3),165-276,1908,,,,p. 205 only.,HUMAN GENERAL
5920,"St. Clair, J",Crackdown in North Carolina,Forest Watch,MARCH,38271,1991,,,conservation endangered,Forest Service botanist fired for attempting to save two endangered lichen species.,CONSERVE
8980,"St. Clair, LL Johansen, JJ Rushforth, SR",Lichens of soil crust communities in the intermountain area of the western United States,Great Basin Naturalist,53(1),38119,1993,,,,,COMMUNITY
8976,"St. Clair, LL Johansen, JR",Introduction to the symposium on soil crust communities,Great Basin Naturalist,53(1),37990,1993,Brigham Young Univ.,,,,SOIL
2794,"St. Clair, LL Rushforth, SR Brotherson, JD","The influence of microhabitat on diversity, distribution and abundance of corticolous lichens in Zion National Park, Utah and Navajo National Monument, Arizona",Mycotaxon,26,253-262,1986,,,Utah ecology Arizona diversity distribution corticolous,"4 tables. [""First, in dry habitats lichens were predominantly restricted to north exposures of host trees while in more mesic habitats they occurred on all exposures. Second, species diversity increased in more mesic habitats. And third, total lichen cov",COMMUNITY
5986,"Standley, PC",Edible Plants of the Arctic Region,,,32,1943,"Bureau of Medicine and surgery, Navy Department",,human uses food,pp. 32-33 only.,HUMAN GENERAL
16270,"Stardom, RRP",Woodland caribou and snow conditions in southeast Manitoba,Proceedings of the First International Reindeer and Caribou Symposium,,324-334,1975,Biological Papers of the University of Alaska,"Luick, JR Lent, PC Klein, DR White, RG",caribou animal,,REINDEER
X61,"States, JS, WS Gaud, WS Allred, WJ Austin",Foraging patterns of tassel-eared squirrels in selected ponderosa-pine stands,"Symposium presentation: Management of amphibians, reptiles and small mammals in North America, Flagstaff, AZ. 19-21 July 1988.",,425-431,1988,,,"squrrel, ponderosa pine, bark consumption",,MISC. WILDLIFE
X36,"Stauth, D","""New forestry"" techniques gain another advocate",OSU News and Communication Services,,,1997,,,"forest management, epiphyte, lichens, mosses, green tree retention, ecosystem",online publication,ENV
7507,"Stehr, FW",Immature Insects,,,,1991,Kendall Hunt,"Stehr, FW",,"pp. 136-137 only. see p, 136 in ""Order Neuroptera"" for description of lichen camouflage by lacewing larvae.",INVERTEBRATE
1035,"Stephenson, NL Rundel, PW",Quantitative variation and ecological role of vulpinic acid and atranorin in the thallus of Letharia vulpina,Biochemical and Systematic Ecology,7,263-267,anit-herbivore/vulpinic/Letharia/predation,,,antiherbivore vulpinic predation Letharia,2 tables. 2 figures. [The anit-herbivore role of vulpinic acid is supported by the fact that higher concentrations occur in thallus tips while atranorin was concentrated in the basal portions.],COMPOUND
8982,"Stern, BJ",The Lummi Indians of Northwest Washington,,,,1934,Columbia Univ. Press,,,p. 89 only.,HUMAN NORTHWEST
19415,"Stevens, J",Traditional Medicine Project,,,,1984,Avataq Cultural Institute,,,"pp. i-vi, 34-35 only.",HUMAN EAST NORTH AMERICAN PLAINS
5929,"Stevenson, S",Dispersal of Alectorioid lichens,unpublished paper,,31,1978,,,dispersal propagules,,GROWTH
5928,"Stevenson, SK",Dispersal and colonization of arboreal forage lichens in young forests,,,53,1988,"Research, B.C. Ministry of Environment and B.C. Ministry of Forests. IWIFR-38. Vicoria, B.C.",,dispersal colonization forage,,GROWTH
5930,"Stevenson, SK",Enhancing the establishment and growth of arboreal forage lichens in intensively managed forests,,,14611,1985,"Research, Ministries of Environment and Forests. IWIFR-26. Victoria, BC Forests. I",,growth dispersal forest forage,,GROWTH
16000,"Stevenson, SK","Review of forestry practices in caribou habitat in southeastern British Columbia, Canada.",Rangifer,1 (special),289-295,1986,,,,,REINDEER
5861,"Stevenson, SK Rochelle, JA",Lichen litterfall--its availability and utilization by black-tailed deer,Proc. Symp. on Fish and Wildlife Relationships in Old-Growth Forests.,,391-396,1984,Imer. Inst. Fis Res. Biol.,"Meehan, WR Merrell TR Jr Hanley, TA",,,LARGE MAMMAL
4673,"Stewart, WDP Rowell, P",Modification of nitrogen-fixing algae in lichen symbioses,Nature,265,371-372,1977,,,symbiosis nitrogen fixation algae morphology cyanobacteria,1 figure. 3 tables.,SYMBIOSIS
6522,"Stocker-Worgotter, E Turk, R",Artificial resynthesis of thalli of the cyanobacterial lichen Peltigera praetextata under laboratory conditions,Lichenologist,23 (2),127-138,1991,,,,,PHYS
X120,"Stork, NE",How many species are there,Biodiversity and Conservation,2,215-232,1993,,,,,GENERAL
5823,"Strickmann, M",Lichen notes from all over,unpubl. notes,,,,,,ethnobotany China human uses,,HUMAN ASIA
5638,"Stubbs, CS",Patterns of distribution and abundance of corticolous lichens and their invertebrate associates on Quercus rubra in Maine,The Bryologist,92(4),453-460,1989,,,Maine invertebrates corticolous oak animals ecology,"2 figures. 4 tables. [Lichen biomass was greater on southern exposures, but species diversity was greater on northern exposures.  Oribatid mites comprised 86% of the terrestrial associates and macrolichen-dominant assemblages supported larger numbers of ",ANIMAL
5638,"Stubbs, CS",Patterns of distribution and abundance of corticolous lichens and their invertebrate associates on Quercus rubra in Maine,The Bryologist,92(4),453-460,1989,,,Maine invertebrates corticolous oak animals ecology,"2 figures. 4 tables. [Lichen biomass was greater on southern exposures, but species diversity was greater on northern exposures.  Oribatid mites comprised 86% of the terrestrial associates and macrolichen-dominant assemblages supported larger numbers of ",INVERTEBRATE
18046,"Stubbs, CS","Dispersal of soredia by the oribatid mite, Humerobates arborea.",Mycologia,87(4),454-458,1995,,,,,INVERTEBRATE
8680,Sturtevant EL,Sturtevant's Edible Plants of the World,,,,1972 (1919),"Dover Publs., NY (reprinted from Report of NY Ag. Exp. Sta., J.B. Lyon Co, State Printers)","Hedrick, UP",,"pp. 159, 177, 265, 266, 297, 330, 559 only.",HUMAN GENERAL
8650,"Suminski, R.",personal letter,,,,1994,,,,one page,HUMAN SOUTHWEST
8156,"Suminski, RR","unpublished letter: antelope range, Navaho dyes",,,,,,,,one page.,LARGE MAMMAL
8655,"Suring, LH",Conservation of northern flying squirrels in Southeast Alaska.,unpublished draft report to Interagency Committee,,251-260,1993,"USDA Forest Service, Chugach NF, Anchorage, AK",,,,SMALL MAMMAL
X108,"Svanberg, I",The use of lichens for dyeing candles: ethnobotanical documentation of a local Swedish practice,Svenska landsmal och Svenskt,,,1998,,,,,HUMAN EUROPE
X112,"Svanberg, I",The use of wild plants in the Faroe Islands 1590-1990,In: Svenska Linnesallskapeti Arsshfift,,81-130,1997,"SHS, Helsinki","Hakkinen, A",,,HUMAN FOOD
X107,"Svanberg, I, L Lindin",Traditional reindeer husbandry among the Evens of Kamchatka in the beginning of the 1920s,In: Contributions to circumpolar studies. Uppsala Research Reports in Cultural Anthropology.,7,151-179,1986,,"Beach, H",,,LARGE MAMMAL
X110,"Svanberg, I, MC Nelson","Bone meal porridge, lichen soup, or mushroom bread: acceptance or rejection of food propaganda in northern Sweden in the 1860s","In: Just a sack of potatoes? Crisis experiences in European societies, past and present",,119-147,1992,"SHS, Helsinki","Hakkinen, A",,,HUMAN FOOD
5640,"Sveinbjornsson, B",Reindeer lichen productivity as a function of mat thickness,Arctic and Alpine Research,19(4),437-441,1987,,,Cladonia productivity management CO2 uptake biomass,"3 figures. [""Photosynthesis measurements of mats of different thickness (6, 9, 12, and 15 cm) of C. rangiferina showed the thinnest mat had about twice as high a maximum rate and accumulated drying period carbon dioxide uptake as thicker mats.  These pat",BIOMASS
X32,"Svoboda J, Hutchinson-Benson E","Arctic cushion plants as fallout ""monitors""",J. Environ. Radioactivity,4,65-76,1986,,,"radiation, monitoring, arctic",first page only,RADIATION
6073,"Svoboda, J Taylor, HW","Persistence of cesium-137 in arctic lichens, Dryas integrifiolia, and lake sediments",Arctic and Alpine Research,11,95-108,1979,,,,,RADIATION
16042,"Swanson, JD Barker, MHW",Assessment of Alaska reindeer populations and range conditions.,Rangifer,12(1),33-43,1992,,,,,REINDEER
5926,"Syers, JK Iskaner, IK",Pedogenic significance of lichens,The Lichens,,225-247,1973,Academic Press,"Ahmadjian, V Hale, ME",soil,,SOIL
5776,"Takala, K Kauranen, P Olkkonen, H",Fluorine content of two lichen species in the vicinity of a fertilizer factory.,Ann. Bot. Fenn.,15,158-166,1978,,,fluorine fertilizer,,AIR
8656,"Tallmon, D. Mills, L.S.",Use of logs by voles,J. Mammal.,75(1),97-101,1994,,,,pp. 100-101 only.,SMALL MAMMAL
X105,"Tarburton, MK",Breeding biology of the Atiu Swiftlet,Emu,90,175-179. ,1989,,,BIRD NESTS/ BIRDS ,hens are the second major component (after Coconut crown fiber) used in nest building by this bird,BIRD
8624,"Taylor, MS","Syllabus for the Medicinal and Edible Native Platns of Butte County, California",,,,1977,unpublished: Calif. State Univ. Chico Library Archives,,,pp. 58-72 only.,HUMAN GENERAL
X119,"Taylor, P",Lichens stop logging,Audubon,Sep-Oct,,1997,,,,,GENERAL
18047,"Taylor, T.N. Hass, H. Remy, W. Kerp, H.",The oldest fossil lichen.,Nature,378 (16 Nov),244,1995,,,,,EVOL
8936,"Teit, J.A.",field notes for Thompson Indian collection,unpublished,,,1902-3,copied in Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,,,"pp. 325, 2pp. Handwritten notes, 1image  photocopy",HUMAN NORTHWEST
8732,"Teit, J.A. Boas, F.",The Salishan tribes of the western plateaus,Ann. Rep. Bur. Amer. Ethnol.,45,23-396,1928,,,,"pp. 43-46, 90-93, 218, 239, 294 only.",HUMAN NORTHWEST
8725,"Teit, JA, Steedman EV",The ethnobotany of the Thompson tribe of British Columbia,Ann. Rep. Bur. Amer. Ethnol.,45,441-522,1930,,EV Steedman,,"pp. 481-482, 501 only.",HUMAN
8725,"Teit, JA, Steedman EV",The ethnobotany of the Thompson tribe of British Columbia,Ann. Rep. Bur. Amer. Ethnol.,45,441-522,1930,,EV Steedman,,"pp. 481-482, 501 only.",HUMAN NORTHWEST
19411,"Teit, JA, Steedman EV",The ethnobotany of the Thompson tribe of British Columbia,Ann. Rep. Bur. Amer. Ethnol.,45,441-522,1930,,EV Steedman,,"pp. 481-482, 501 only.",HUMAN NORTHWEST
5903,"Tener, JS",Muskoxen in Canada,,,,1965,Canadian Wildlife Service,,muskox animal,pp.44-45 only.,LARGE MAMMAL
16278,"Tener, JS",The distribution of muskoxen in Canada,J. Mammal.,39(3),398-408,1958,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
X62,"Tevis, L, Jr.",Stomach contents of chipmunks and mantled squirrels in northeastern California,Journal of Mammalogy,34(3),316-324,1953,,,,,MISC. WILDLIFE
5923,"Teware, M Upreti, N Pandey, P Singh, SP","Epiphytic succession on tree trunks in a mixed oak-cedar forest, Kumaun Himalaya",Vegetatio,63,105-119,1985,,,biomass succession,,BIOMASS
16092,"Thing, H.","Food and habitat selecion by muskoxen in Jameson Land, Northeast Greenland: a preliminary report",Biol. Pap. Univ. Alaska Spec. Rep. No. 4,,69-74,1984,,,"WINTER DIET, MUSKOXEN, DIET COMPOSITION",,LARGE MAMMAL
7502,"Thom, RH Iffrig, G",Directory of Missouri Natural Areas,,,,1985,Missouri Dept of Conservation & Dept of Natural Resources,,,"see listing for ""Lichen Glade Natural Area"", St. Clair County.",CONSERVE
7505,"Thom, RH Iffrig, G",Directory of Missouri Natural Areas,,,,1985,Missouri Dept of Conservation & Dept of Natural Resources,,,"""Lichen grasshoppers blend with the lichen-covered rocks, becoming visable only when they jump.""--listing for ""Wildcat Glade Natural Area"", Newton Co., p.69.",INVERTEBRATE
7509,"Thomas, AE Rosentreter, R",Utilization of lichens by pronghorn antelope in three valleys in east-central Idaho.,Idaho Bureau of Land Management Technical Bulletin No. 92-3,,13,1992,"Bureau of Land Management, Idaho State Office",,,,LARGE MAMMAL
16010,"Thomas, DC",Moose diet and use of successional forests in the Canadian Taiga,Alces,26,24-29,1990,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
16045,"Thomas, DC Edmonds, J","Rumen contents and habitat selection of Peary caribou in winter, Canadian arctic archipelago.",Arctic and Alpine Research,15(1),97-105,1983,,,,,REINDEER
16003,"Thomas, DC Hervieux, DP",The late winter diets of barren-ground caribou in North-Central Canada,Rangifer,1 (special),305-310,1986,,,,,REINDEER
16325,"Thomas, DC Kroeger, P",Digestibility of plants in ruminal fluids of barren-ground caribou.,Arctic,34,321-324,1981,,,,,REINDEER
16046,"Thomas, DC Kroeger, P Hervieux, D",In vitro digestibilities of plants utilized by barren-ground caribou.,Arctic,37(1),31-36,1984,,,,,REINDEER
5884,"Thomas, JW",A Conservation Strategy for the Northern Spotted Owl,,,,1990,"Interagency Scientific Committee to Address the Conservation of the Northern Spotted Owl, Portland, OR",,spotted owl red-backed vole woodrat,,SMALL MAMMAL
16088,"Thomas, JW Toweill, DW",Elk of North America (chapter on nutrition and food habits),,,,1982,Stackpole Books,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
1674,"Thomson, JW",Lichen vegetation and ecolgical patterns in the high Arctic,Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory,53,361-364,1982,,,arctic distribution Canada,[General overview of major habitats; many species are mentioned.],COMMUNITY
2245,"Thomson, JW",American Arctic Lichens 1. The Macrolichens,,,504,1984,"Columbia University Press, New York",,arctic keys own North America,###############################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################,HUMAN NORTHWEST
X8,"Thorne JH, Koller R","Influence of assimilate demand on photosynthesis, diffusive resistancecs, translocation, and carbohydrate levels of soybean leaves",Plant Physiology,54,201-207,1974,,,"physiology, photosynthesis, translocation",,PHYS
2825,"Tibell, L Gibson, CJ",Bower decoration with Usnea species in the Golden Bowerbird,Lichenologist,18,95-96,1986,,,birds animals Australia Queensland,"1 figure. [Birds are very selective in using Usnea spp. for decoration in the bowers. The observations were made in Queensland, Australia.]",BIRD
8008,"Tibell,L",Crustose lichens as indicators of forest continuity in boreal coniferous forests,Nordic Journal of Botany,12(4),427-450,1992,,,CONSERVATION FOREST CONTINUITY INDICATOR SPECIES THREATENED,5 fig. 5 tab. ,COMMUNITY
8935,"Tollefson, KD",The cultural foundation of political revitalization among the Tlingit,Thesis,,,1976,U of Washington,,,p. 47 only.,HUMAN NORTHWEST
5956,"Tomaselli, R","Nuovo contribuo alle ricerche sulla presenza di ""fiscione"" in colture pure de Xanthoriomyces",Atti Inst. Bot. e Lab. Critt Univ. Pavio Ser. 5,XIV (1-3),128-143,1957,,,Xanthoria substance,,COMPOUND
5957,"Tomaselli, R","Osservazioni su una sostanza del tallo di licheni dei generi Xanthoria, Caloplaca e Theloschistes con fluorescenza verde-azzurra in luce di wood",Atti Ist. Bot. e Lab. Critt. Univ. Pavia Ser. 5,XIV,144-150,1957,,,substance Xanthoria Caloplaca Teloschistes,,COMPOUND
5958,"Tomaselli, R",Modalita di crescita di vari ceppi italiani di Xanthoriomyces (Fungo lichenizzante),Archivio Botanico e Biogeografico Italiano,39,40-57,1963,,,substance Xanthoria,"copy of published article in Italian, and edited typewritten ms. in english",COMPOUND
5960,"Tomaselli, R",La produzione di anthrachinoni nella Xanthoria parietina in rapporto alle condiziona ecologiche,Atti. Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Museo Civico Storia (Milano),97,357-361,1958,,,substance anthraquinone Xanthoria,,COMPOUND
5976,"Tomaselli, R Luciani, F Furnari, F","Sulla presenzi di ificellarioli e di conidi in micobionti lichenici cltavati ""in vitro""",Boll. Ist. Bot. Univ. Catania,3,111-116,1961,,,mycobiont culture symbiosis,,PHYS
4699,"Tomassini, FD Lavoie, P Puckett, KJ Nieboer, E Richardson, DHS","The effect of time of exposure to sulphur dioxide on potassium loss from and photosynthesis in the lichen, Cladina rangiferina (L.) Harm",New Phytologist,79,147-155,1977,,,photosynthesis Physiology SO2 air pollution potassium,5 figures. 1 table.,AIR
4700,"Tomassini, FD Puckett, KJ Nieboer, E Richardson, DHS Grace, B","Determination of copper, iron, nickel, and sulphur by X-ray fluorescence in lichens from the Mackenzie Valley, Northwest Territories, and the Sudbury District, Ontario",Canad. Jour. Bot.,54,1591-1603,1976,,,Canada Northwest Territories Ontario heavy metals air pollution x-ray fluorescence techniques,2 figures. 9 tables.,AIR
16264,"Tonsberg, T. Gauslaa, Y. Haugan, R. Holien, H. Timdal, E.",The threatened macrolichens of Norway-1995,Sommerfeltia,23,,1996,,,,,CONSERVE
4702,"Topham, PB","Colonization, growth, succession and competition",Lichen Ecology,,31-68,1977,"Academic Press, London",M. R. D. Seaward (ed.),ecology succession competition growth review colonization,3 figures. 5 tables. [Review.],GROWTH
5659,"Tschermak-Woess, E",The algal partner,CRC Handbook of Lichenology. Volume I,,39-92,1988,"CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton",M. Galun (ed.),algae photobionts phycobionts review systematics,2 tables. 15 figures. [An extremely detailed review of the photobionts of lichens with many illustrations and a bibliography of 283 references. Forty-two algal genera are presently known to participate in lichen symbioses.],SYMBIOSIS
1693,"Tucker, SC",Checklist of Louisiana lichens,Proceedings of the Louisiana Academy of Sciences,44,58-70,1981,,,Louisiana checklist,[List includes 543 species in 122 genera.],LIST
6018,"Tuominen, Y",Studies on some concentration-distance curves of the diffusion of 137Cs and 90Sr ions in columns composed of the thallus of Cladonia alpestris,Ann. Bot. Fen.,8,245-253,1971,,,radiation diffusion,,RADIATION
17008,Turner NJ,Plants in British Columbia indian technology,British Columbia Provincial Museum Handbook #38,,,1979,"Province of BC, Ministry of Provincial Secretary",,,pp. 46-53 only.,HUMAN NORTHWEST
X29,Turner NJ,Selected references on ethnobotany,,,,,,,"bibliography, ethnobotany, indian",bibliography only. class handout?,BIBLIO
7495,"Turner, DS",Are desert visitors turning fragile soils into dust?,High Country News,,NOV.,1991,,,,,SOIL
8734,"Turner, N.C. Bell, M.A.",The ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Is.,Econ. Bot.,25(1),62-104,1973,,,,"pp. 62, 68, 92, 99 only.",HUMAN NORTHWEST
6012,"Turner, NC Bell, MA",The ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia,Econ. Bot.,27 (3),257-,1973,,,ethnobotany human uses British Columbia,"pp. 257, 262-263 only.",HUMAN NORTHWEST
4708,"Turner, NJ",Economic importance of black tree lichen (Bryoria fremontii) to the Indians of western North America,Econ. Bot.,31,461-470,1977,,,Bryoria North America Indians animals human uses,5 figures. [Interesting photographs of artifacts.],HUMAN
4708,"Turner, NJ",Economic importance of black tree lichen (Bryoria fremontii) to the Indians of western North America,Econ. Bot.,31,461-470,1977,,,Bryoria North America Indians animals human uses,5 figures. [Interesting photographs of artifacts.],HUMAN NORTHWEST
6014,"Turner, NJ",The ethnobotany of the Bella Colla Indians of British Columbia,Syesis,6,193-220,1973,,,ethnobotany British Columbia human uses,pp. 195-196 only.,HUMAN NORTHWEST
1070,"Turner, NJ Bouchard, R Kennedy, DID",Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington,,,179,1980,"Occasional Papers of the British Provincial Museum No. 21, Province of British Columbia",,ethnobotany Bryoria uses Washington Canada British Columbia,pp. 10-15 only. Most interesting information on utilization of lichens on pages 10-15 including 5 figures. Most of the discussion concerns the ultilization of Bryoria fremontii.],HUMAN NORTHWEST
6011,"Turner, NJ Efrat, BS",Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island,British Columbia Prov. Mus. Cultural Recovery Paper No. 2,,99,1982,,,ethnobotany human uses British Columbia,"pp. 10, 26-27 only.",HUMAN NORTHWEST
6010,"Turner, NJ Thomas, J Carlson, RT",Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island,British Columbia Prov. Mus. Occas. Pap. No. 24,,165,1983,,,ethnobotany human uses British Columbia,"pp. 11, 13, 22, 47, 50, 55-57, 96-97, 132-135 only.",HUMAN NORTHWEST
7483,"Tysiaczny, MJ Kershaw, KA",Physiological-Environmental Interactions in Lichens VII. The environmental control of glucose movement from alga to fungus in Peltigera canina v. praetextata Hue.,New Phytologist,,,1979,,,,,SYMBIOSIS
16055,unknown,Students with a mission,National Geographic,Aug.,,1994,,,,,INVERTEBRATE
X111,unknown,Sticta pulmonaria,"In: The homeopathic pharmacopaeia of the US, 8th ed. v.1",,various,1979,"Amer. Inst. Homeopathy, Falls Church, VA",,,,HUMAN PHARMACEUTICAL
X122,unknown,Plants that clock earthquakes,Yale,May 11,,1998,,,,,PLANT
X19,unknown,Disappearing woodland lichens,The Living Countryside Magazine,100,1981-83,1983,,,,,CONSERVE
X22,unknown,"Growth, glaciers and megaliths",unknown,,47-57,>1973,,,"growth rates, ageing, calibration",Chapter three in unknown book,GROWTH
X24,unknown,"Bibliography, effects of lichens on bryophytes",unknown,na,na,na,,,"bibliography, lichens, bryophytes",bibliography only,BIBLIO
X25,unknown,Medicinal and food plants of the North American Indians,unknown,na,na,na,,,"bibliography, medicinal,  food, indian, ethno",bibliography only,BIBLIO
X34,unknown,Lichens: like coal mine canaries?,Daily inscight,,,1997,Academic Press online,,"cancer, italy, pollution, biodiversity",,AIR
X35,unknown,Lichens,Plant Pathology (online),,,1992,,,"disease, parasite, symbiosis",web publication,SYMBIOSIS
X50,unknown,notes on lichens and invertebrates,,,,,,,"invertebrate, camouflage, feeding",two pages of handwritten notes.,INVERTEBRATE
X67,unknown,"Irish moss, Iceland moss, rock tripe",,,132-135,unknown,unknown,,,"four pages from a circa 1950 text on Chondrus crispa, Cetraria islandica and Umbilicaria pustulata",HUMAN GENERAL
X68,unknown,Spilanthes-Usnea compound,Alternative medicine herbal health product,,1-2,,,,,from www.herbsinfo.com/pages/spilant.htm (accessed 10 Jan 1998),HUMAN GENERAL
8161,unpublished data,Northern flying squirrel recovery,"Annual Reports, West Virginia Natural Resources Dept.",,15,1993,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
5998,"Uphof, JCTh",Dictionary of Economic Plants,,,,1959,"Hafner, New York",,human uses,"pp. 15, 84, 85, 96, 125, 135, 210, 211, 215, 219, 247, 266, 267, 270, 277, 306, 311, 347 only.",HUMAN GENERAL
5902,"Ure, DC Maser, C",Mycophagy of red-backed voles in Oregon and Washington,Canad. J. Zool.,60,3307-3315,1982,,,red-backed vole animal,,SMALL MAMMAL
8661,USDA Forest Service USDI BLM,Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement on Management of Habitat for Late-Successional and Old-Growth Forest Related Species Within the Range of the Northern Spotted Owl.,,,,1994,,,,,CONSERVE
16074,"Utsi, V.",Effects of the Chernobyl accident on reindeer husbandry in Sweden.,Polar Record,23(147),726-728,1987,,,,,REINDEER
6087,"Van Daele, LJ Johnson, DR",Estimation of arboreal lichen biomass available to caribou,J. Wildl. Manage.,47(3),,1983,,,,,BIOMASS
5911,"Van Tighem, K",Grey Ghosts,Nature Canada,FALL,22-27,1990,,,caribou animal,,REINDEER
6043,"Vartia, KO",Antibiotics in lichens,The Lichens,,547-561,1973,"Academic Press, NY and London","Ahmadjian, V Hale, ME",human uses antibiotic medicine,,HUMAN PHARMACEUTICAL
5096,"Vickery, AR",The use of lichens in well-dressing,Lichenologist,7,178-179,1975,,,well-dressing decoration uses,[Includes a few common names of lichens used by villagers who annually decorate village wells with plant materials.],HUMAN EUROPE
16026,"Viereck, LA",Radioactivity Report,Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Report,IV,38015,1964,"Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game, Juneau, AK",,,,RADIATION
6016,"Villenueve, J-P Fogelqvist, E Cattani, C",Lichens as bioindicators of for atmospheric pollution by chlorinated hydrocarbons,Chemosphere,17 (2),399-403,1988,,,air pollution hydrocarbon,,AIR
7769,"Virtala,M",Optimal harvesting of a plant-herbivore system: lichen and reindeer in northern Finland,Ecological Modelling,60,233-255,1992,,,FOOD REINDEER,5 fig. 3 tab. ,REINDEER
4744,"Vobis, G",Studies on the germination of lichen conidia,Lichenologist,9,131-136,1977,,,conidia germination growth culture,"3 plates. [""The conidia germinated in culture on agar plates and mycelium developed...""]",GROWTH
5826,"Vogel, VJ",American Indian Medicine,,,236,1970,"U. of Okahoma Press, Norman",,ethnobotany human uses Cladina,p. 236 only.,HUMAN EAST NORTH AMERICAN PLAINS
5777,"Walker, DA Webber, PJ Everett, KR Brown, J","Effects of crude and diesel oil spills on plant communities at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, and the derivation of oil spill sensitivity maps",Arctic,31 (3),242-259,1979,,,oil spill toxin,,TOXIC
6551,"Wallmo, OC",Mule and Black-tailed Deer of North America,,,,1981,University of Nebraska Press,"Wallmo, OC",,,LARGE MAMMAL
6552,"Wallmo, OC Regelin, WL",Rocky and intermountain habitats,Mule and Black-tailed Deer of North America,,387-398,1981,University of Nebraska Press,"Wallmo, OC",,,LARGE MAMMAL
X63,"Wallmo, OC, JW Schoen",Response of deer to secondary forest succession in southeast Alaska,Forest Sci.,26(3),448-462,1980,,,"southeast alaska, black-tailed deer, stand age, clearcut, overmature forest",,MISC. WILDLIFE
X9,"Wareing PF, Khalafia MM, Treharne KJ",Rate-limiting processes in photosynthesis at saturating light intensities,Nature,220,453-457,1968,,,,,PHYS
X23,Watson W,"Notes on lichens, mainly from Orkney, in the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh",Transactions and Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh,31(4),505-20,1935,,,"british lichenology, orkneys, royal botanic garden, scottish lichens","list of 53 lichens, with discussions",LIST
5992,"Watt, JM Breyer-Brandwijk, MR",The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Southeastern and Easten Africa...,,,1128-1137,1962,"E. and S. Livingstone, Ltd., Edinburgh and London",,human uses medicine Africa substance,pp. 1128-1137 only.,HUMAN AFRICA
5098,"Weaver, RE Jr",Lichens: mysterious and diverse,Arnoldia,35,133-159,1975,,,Massachusetts popular general key,"Illus. [Good popular article with an ""Illustrated key to the identification of some common lichens in Massachusetts.""]",GENERAL
10016,"Webber, PJ Andrews, JT",Lichenometry: a commentary,Arctic Alpine Res.,5,295-302,1973,,,lichenometry review,,GROWTH
4755,"Weber, WA",Environmental modification and lichen taxonomy,Lichen Ecology,,38259,1977,"Academic Press, London",M. R. D. Seaward (ed.),modification taxonomy environment review,"[""... can the lichenologist distinguish environmental modifications from genetic ecotypes in the absence of a body of experimental evidence? ... I believe that he can and must.""]",TAXON
5785,"Weber, WA",Two lichen-arthropod associations in Australia and New guinea,Lichenologist,6,168-169,1974,,,arthropods insects larvae,,INVERTEBRATE
12067,"Weber, WA Viereck, LA","Lichens of Mt. McKinley National Park, Alaska",The Bryologist,70,227-235,1967,,,Mt. McKinley National Park Denali Alaska North America flora,[218 species; 10 new to North America.],LIST
17010,"Weger, EM Jr.",Use of metal and stone,"Animals, plants and minerals",,,1962,"Archon Books, Camden, CT.",,,pp. 104-105 only.,HUMAN NORTHWEST
5100,"Wein, RW Speer, JE","Lichen biomass in Acadian and boreal forests of Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia",The Bryologist,78,328-333,1975,,,biomass ecology Cape Breton Island Canada,1 fig. 2 tab.,BIOMASS
6548,"Wells-Gosling, N Heaney, LR",Glaucomys sabrinus,Mammalian Species,229,37994,1984,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
16028,"Wennekens, AJ","Traditional Plant Usage by Chugach Natives around Prince William Sound and on the Lower Kenai Peninsusa, Alaska",M.A. Thesis,,,1985,"University of Alaska, Anchorage",,,pp. 39-40 only.,HUMAN NORTHWEST
6531,"Wessels,DCJ Wessels,LA",Erosion of biogenically weathered Clarens sandstone by lichenophagous bagworm larvae (Lepidoptera; Pyschidae),Lichenologist,23 (3),283-291,1991,,,,,INVERTEBRATE
7494,"West, NE",Structure and Function of Microphytic Soil Crusts in Wildland Ecosystems of Arid to Semi-arid Regions,Advances in Ecological Research,20,179-223,1990,,,,,SOIL
7493,"West, NE Skujins, J","Summary, Conclusions and Suggestions for Research",Nitrogen in Desert Ecosystems,,,1978,,"West, NE and J Skujins",,,NITRO
3803,"Wetmore, CM",Lichens and air quality in Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore,Mycotaxon,33,25-39,1988,,,Indiana air pollution SO2 Indiana Dunes National Lakeside,"1 figure. 1 table. [Author reports 62 species and concludes that the ""... present lichen flora of the Indiana Dunes is severely damaged by air pollution.""]",AIR
3804,"Wetmore, CM",Lichen floristics and air quality,"Lichens, Bryophytes and Air Quality",,55-65,1988,"Bibliotheca Lichenologica No. 30. J. Cramer, Berlin-Stuttgart","T. H. Nash, III & V. Wirth (eds.)",air pollution floristics National Parks methods,"[Author's method involves analysis of the entire lichen flora. ""All species of lichens are collected at many localities, observations are made on the health and reproduction of the species, species most sensitive to sulfur dioxide are mapped for the stud",AIR
5691,"Wetmore, CM","Lichens and air quality in Cuyahoga Valley National Recreation Area, Ohio",The Bryologist,92(3),273-281,1989,,,Ohio Thelidium air pollution SO2,"1 figure. 1 table. [Report of 65 species including 34 new for the area. ""None of the species most sensitive to sulfur dioxide were found, nor were any of the cyanophilic lichens reported earlier. It is proposed that poor air quality destroyed 79% of the ",AIR
6019,"Wetmore, CM",Lichens and air quality in Boundary Waters Canoe Area of the Superior National Forest,,,28+,1987,USDA Forst Service Contract No. 43-63A9-5-867,,air pollution Minnesota,,AIR
6539,"Wetzel, JF Wambaugh, JR Peek, JM",Appraisal of white-tailed deer winter habitats in northeastern Minnesota,J. Wildl. Manage.,1975,59-66,1975,,,,,LARGE MAMMAL
X64,"Whitaker, JO, C Maser",Food habits of five western Oregon shrews,Northwest Science,50(2),102-107,1976,,,"food importance, shrew, invertebrate, food habit",,MISC. WILDLIFE
16326,"White, RG Trudell, J","Habitat preference and forage consumption by reindeer and caribou near Atkasook, Alaska.",Arctic and Alpine Research,12,511-529,1980,,,,,REINDEER
8739,"Whiting, A.F.",Ethnobotany of the Hopi,,,,1966,"Mus. of Northern AZ, Flagstaff",,,pp. 98-99 only.,HUMAN SOUTHWEST
4767,"Wielgolaski, FE (ed.)",Fennoscadian Tundra Ecosystems. Part 2. Animals and Systems Analysis,,,337,1975,"Springer-Verlag, New York",,tundra arctic ecology Fennoscandia Europe animals reindeer food,pp. 310-311 only.,REINDEER
8657,"Wilcox, B.A. Murphy, D.D.",Conservation strategy: the effects of fragmentation on extinction,Am. Nat.,125,879-887,1985,,,,,SMALL MAMMAL
5966,"Wilhelmsen, JB","Chlorophylls in the lichens Peltigera, Parmelia, and Xanthoria",Bot. Tidsskr.,55,30-36,1959,,,chlorophyll Xanthoria Parmelia Peltigera,,PHYS
14401,"Williams, L Legg, K Williamson, FSL","Breeding of the Parula warbler at Point Lobos, California",Condor,60(6),345-354,1958,,,Ramalina reticulata birds nesting animals vertebrates California Parula warbler,2 fig. [The birds nested in festoons of Ramalina reticulata (Noedh.) Krempelh. Good photographs.],BIRD
5787,"Williams, ME Rudolph, ED",The role of lichens and associated fungi in the chemical weathering of rock,Mycologia,66,648-660,1974,,,weathering soil,,SOIL
8973,"Wilson, MJ",Lichens as Indicators of Air Pollution Impacts at Superfund Sites,,,84,1991,"US Env. Prot. Agency, Off. Res. & Dev. (prep. by Tetra Tech, Inc)",,,,AIR
1089,"Wilson, MJ Jones, D McHardy, MJ",The weathering of serpentinite by Lecanora atra,Lichenologist,13,167-176,1981,,,weathering saxicolous Lecanora SEM x-ray diffraction decomposition ecology serpentinite oxalic,"4 figures. 2 tables. [""All the results presented clearly demonstrate that below the lichen crust, the minerals in a serpentinite rock, particularly the fibrous magnesium silicate, chrysotile, are being vigorously decomposed. There seems to be little doub",SOIL
19410,"Wilson, MR",Notes on ethnobotany in Inuktitut,Western Can. J. Anth.,"8:2,3,4)",180-191,1978,,,,,HUMAN NORTHWEST
8898,"Wilson, T",The use of wild plants as food by the Indians,Ottawa Nat.,30,17-21,1916,,,,pp. 18-19 only.,HUMAN GENERAL
8741,"Wittrock, M.A. Wittrock, G.L.",Food plants of the Indians,NY Bot. Garden J.,43(507),51-71,1942,,,,pp. 68-69 on;y,HUMAN GENERAL
X97,"Wright, D",Thamnolia (Ascomycotina: Lichenes Imperfecti): first find for California and correction of published mapping of the genus,The Bryologist,95(4),458-460,1992,,,BIOGEOGRAPHY/ CHEMOTYPES/ THAMNOLIA ,,TAXON
8744,"Wyman, L.C. Harris, S.K.","Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Nanaho, an analysis of the John & Lousia Wetherill ethnobotanical collections",U. of New Mexico Publ. in Biol.,5,24108,1951,,,,pp. 7-15 only.,HUMAN SOUTHWEST
3441,"Yamamoto, Y Yoshimura, I Yamada, Y",Cultures of Usneaceae species and growth factors in their cultured tissues,Progress and Problems in Lichenology in the Eighties,,163-165,1987,"Bibliotheca Lichenologica No. 25. J. Cramer, Berlin-Stuttgart",E. Peveling (ed.),culture Usneaceae Evernia Usnea Alectoria growth factors amino acids,2 figures. [Reports the growth effects of sugars and amino acids on tissue cultures of various lichens in the Usneaceae.],CULTURE
5977,"Yang, J-RW",A study on lichenized fungi of Taiwan fruticose lichens,Taiwania,36 (1),137-140,1971,,,mycobiont symbiosis culture,,SYMBIOSIS
5828,"Yanovsky, E",Food Plants of the North American Indians,"Misc. Publication 237, USDA",237,38020,1936,USDA,,human uses ethnobotany food,bibliography only,BIBLIO
5828,"Yanovsky, E",Food Plants of the North American Indians,"Misc. Publication 237, USDA",237,38020,1936,USDA,,human uses ethnobotany food,bibliography only,HUMAN GENERAL
16263,"Yanovsky, E",Food Plants of the North American Indians,"Misc. Publication 237, USDA",237,38020,1936,USDA,,human uses ethnobotany food,"pp. 1, 3, 64-69 only.",HUMAN GENERAL
8605,"Yarnell, RA",Aboriginal Relationships Between Culture and Plant Life in the Upper Great Lakes Region,"Anthropological Papers, University of Michigan",23,,1964,Univ. of Michigan,,,"pp. 72-75, 206-207, 214-217 only.",HUMAN EAST NORTH AMERICAN PLAINS
3442,"Yoshimura, I",Taxonomy and speciation of Anzia and Pannoparmelia,Progress and Problems in Lichenology in the Eighties,,185-195,1987,"Bibliotheca Lichenologica No. 25. J. Cramer, Berlin-Stuttgart",E. Peveling (ed.),Anzia Pannoparmelia new taxa speciation,"6 figures. [Discussion of morphology, chemistry and taxonomy of the genera and pattern variations which occur. Author concludes that the genera should be included in the same family and makes the new combination Anzia dictyorhiza (Massee) comb. nov.]",TAXON
3815,"Yoshimura, I Harada, H","Macrolichens of Mt. Tsurugi, Shikoku, Japan",Bulletin of Kochi Gakuen College,17,303-326,1986,,,Japan Mt. Tsurugi Shikoku,[Report of 170 species from 39 genera. Twelve are new reports for Shikoku Island. In Japanese; English abstract.],TAXON
3816,"Yoshimura, I Hurutani, R","Fine structures of cyphellae, pseudocyphellae and allied structures in lichen family Lobariaceae as determined by scanning electron microscopy",Bulletin of Kochi Gakuen College,18,345-359,1987,,,SEM Lobraia ultrastructure cyphellae pseudocyphellae morphology,7 plates. 3 figures. [A detailed look at these structures using the SEM. In Japanese; English abstract.],MORPH
3817,"Yoshimura, I Kurokawa, T Nakano, T Yamamoto, Y",A preliminary report of cultures of Cladonia vulcani and the effects of the hydrogen ion concentration on them,Bulletin of Kochi Gakuen College,18,335-343,1987,,,Cladonia culture mycobiont physiology phycobiont Japan Trebouxia pH,"5 figures. ["" ... cultured lichen tissues of Cladonia vulcani grow best in pH 4 media, while symbiotic algae (Trebouxia excentrica) grow well in media between pH 4 and pH 9. The soil of natural habitats of C. vulcani shows pH 5.5, which is the same growt",CULTURE
5846,"Youngken, HW",Drugs of the North American Indian,Am. J. Pharm.,MARCH,,1925,,,ethnobotany human uses,"pp. 174-175, 180-181, 266-267, 270-271 only.",HUMAN EAST NORTH AMERICAN PLAINS
17006,"Younos, C, J Fleurentin, D Notter, G Mazars, F Mortier, JM Pelt",Repertory of drugs and medicinal plants used in traditional medicine of Afghanistan,Journal of Ethnopharmacology,20,245-290,1987,,,"traditional medicine, afghanistan, pathology, indicator",,HUMAN ASIA
X106,"Zabel, CJ/ Waters, JR",Food preferences of captive northern flying squirrels from the Lassen National Forest in northeastern California,Northwest Science,71(2),103-107,1997,,,EDIBLE/ FOOD/ FOOD HABITS/ SQUIRREL ,ious truffle sporocarps and the lichens Bryoria fremontii and Letharia vulpina were tested,SMALL MAMMAL
6080,"Zagulyayev, AK","Two new primitive species of lichenophagous moths (Lepidoptera, Tineidae) fro the wet forests of Azerbaidzhan",Entomol. Rev.,49(3),408-411,1970,,,mediteranean area USSR Azerbaijzhan insects invertebrates moths,[The lichenophagous moths (Meessiinae) constitute a special line of evolution associated with lichen and moss habitats. The Mediterranean area is evidently the center for formation of the Palearctic lichenophages.],INVERTEBRATE
16267,"Zentner, PL",The Nest of Phenacomys longicaudus in Northwestern California,M.A. Thesis,,,1977,"Calif. State University, Sacramento",,,,SMALL MAMMAL
X42,Zhurbenko MP,List of publications of Michail P. Zhurbenko,none,,,1996,,,"bibliography, zhurbenko",,BIBLIO
18791,"Zhurbenko,M","Lichens and lichenicolous fungi of the northern Krasnoyarsk Territory, central Siberia",Mycotaxon,58,185-232,1996,,,KRASNOYARSK LICHENICOLOUS RUSSIA SIBERIA,"[Lists 660 lichens and 61 lichenicolous fungi. New to Russia: Acarospora cf. rhizobola, Agonimica tristicula, Lecanora cavicola, Pertusaria christae.]",LIST,,
18260,"Zhurbenko,M Santesson,R Walker,DA Auerbach,NA Lewis,B",New and interesting lichenicolous fungi and lichens from Alaska,Evansia,12(3),92-97,1995,,,ALASKA LICHENICOLOUS NORTH AMERICA,"1 fig. [New to North America: Arthonia nephromaria, A. peltigerina, Cercidospora decolorella, Geltingia associata, Lichenodiplis lichenicola, Zwackhiomyces berengerianus, Lecanora leptacinella.]",LIST,,